Modelling the dynamics of oscillating mountings with a pantograph structure using Simulink: A case study on ROSTA AB spring-damper elements by Dominik Koini, Eric Fimbinger

“…By respectively modelling the DR elements’ dynamic characteristics – nonlinear stiffness and damping functions for their single DoF (rotation) – and linking them within the multibody framework, the resulting model effectively reproduces the AB element’s dynamic response while significantly reducing computational costs. The model is calibrated and validated against experimental data, demonstrating strong agreement and thus suitability for effectively replicating the response behaviour under loading conditions.This first-of-its-kind modelling framework abstracts the full 3-DoF behaviour of an AB element via multibody-dynamic linkage of nonlinear 1-DoF DR subsystems, enabling accurate and computationally efficient simulation of suspension dynamics. …”
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Acceleration of Urdu Optical Character Recognition on Zynq UltraScale+ MPSoC Using Deep Convolutional Neural Network by Fauzia Yasir, Majida Kazmi

“…Deploying deep learning–based optical character recognition (OCR) systems for low-resource, complex-script languages like Urdu remains a major challenge due to high computational costs, lack of annotated datasets, and limited hardware support for real-time applications. …”
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Artificial Soil Environment Justification for Laboratory Studies of Wear and Traction Characteristics of Soil-Cutting Working Bodies by I. V. Liskin, A. V. Mironova

“…It was determined that more than 30 percent of energy costs were accounted for by breaking the root system of the vegetation cover on virgin and fallow lands.…”
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Comparative analysis of geothermal binary ORC systems: performance and environmental considerations for CO2 andwater as geofluids by Nkemakolam Chinedu Izuwa, Stanley Toochukwu Ekwueme, Ndubuisi Uchechukwu Okereke, Onyebuchi Ivan Nwanwe, Nnaemeka Princewill Ohia

“…However, the economic considerations suggest a trade-off, as CO2 projects may entail higher upfront costs compared to water-based systems. Regulatory factors and economic feasibility, therefore, play a crucial role in the choice of geofluid for geothermal power generation.…”
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Public Attention Index of Air Pollution Exposure from PM2.5 in Thailand by Pailin Suntigul, Sittidaj Pongkijvorasin

“…The findings indicate a statistically significant positive relationship between public attention, PM2.5 pollution levels, willingness to pay for PM2.5 reduction, and economic and social costs associated with PM2.5. The PAI_PM2.5 index serves as a valuable tool for policymakers, offering a data-driven method to align public perceptions with the true severity of pollution issues. …”
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Loss of Paired Weapons Leads to Larger Testes and a Lighter Load for Dispersal by James C. Boothroyd, Steve M. Smit, Niko S. Zlotnik, Christine W. Miller

“…ABSTRACT Reproduction is often costly for males, as it may require the growth of structural traits that aid in dispersal to find females, competition over mating opportunities, and ejaculate production. …”
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SE-COLLAB: Achieving Fine-Grained and Efficiently Verifiable Searchable Encryption With Boolean Multi-Keyword Search for Collaborative IIoT Data Sharing by Somchart Fugkeaw, Jirakit Deevijit

“…Existing searchable encryption (SE) techniques either suffer from limited access control flexibility or impose high computation and verification costs, making them unsuitable for large-scale, real-time IIoT applications. …”
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Evaluating the Efficiency of Gray Wolf Optimization and Colonial Competition Algorithm in Load Balancing of Distributed Systems by Asghar Molaei-Yeznabad, Amirhossein Dehghani

“…Recent years have seen the development of numerous resource allocation algorithms aimed at reducing costs and energy consumption in distributed systems. …”
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Barriers and facilitators of care among visceral leishmaniasis patients following the implementation of a decentralized model in Turkana County, Kenya. by Mariam Macharia, Collins Okoyo, Dawn Maranga, Jane Mbui

“…Barriers to seeking care were long distances to healthcare facilities, high transportation and other associated costs, and the initial use of traditional remedies. …”
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Analysis of Islamic Business Ethics in Buying and Selling Transactions of Agricultural Products Using a Wholesale System and Its Impact on Farmers’ Income in Tanjung Kenongo Villag... by Dzulfikar Wahyu Prasetyo, Mohamad Toha

“…In this contract system, of course, farmers feel a little disadvantaged because they cannot make large profits considering that fertilizer prices are expensive, accommodation costs such as expensive farm laborers, and the price of basic necessities increase so that farmers cannot make a lot of profit, their income decreases a lot. …”
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Magnetic method of rail track joint gaps automated measurement by A. A. Markov, A. G. Antipov, E. A. Maksimova

“…Methods of automatic measurement of rail track joint gaps are not accurate enough or require costly equipment and sensors. This is why joint gaps are still monitored manually in many cases. …”
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GIG ECONOMY: THE FUTURE OF WORK OR THE ILLUSION OF FREEDOM? A DATA-DRIVEN ANALYSIS by Roxana HATOS, Nicoleta-Georgeta BUGNAR, Andreea-Florina FORA

“…From an economic perspective, the gig economy reduces transaction costs, enables labor market adaptability, and fosters entrepreneurship. …”
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Planning a clinical trial programme for medicinal products for chronic constipation: An analysis of the European Medicines Agency Guideline by I. A. Proskurina, T. E. Gorskaya, R. S. Ilin, D. V. Goryachev

“…Chronic constipation is a widespread condition associated with substantial direct and indirect costs for diagnosis and treatment and a significant reduction in the quality of life of patients. …”
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Technical and technological support for the involvement of fallow lands in agriculture by S. G. Mitin, G. V. Sysoev, I. A. Starostin, A. V. Eshchin

“…The implementation of the proposed program should allow agricultural producers to involve fallow lands in agricultural production with minimal costs, at the same time ensuring high growth rates of acreage and agricultural production volumes.…”
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Entropy-Guided KV Caching for Efficient LLM Inference by Heekyum Kim, Yuchul Jung

“…However, their practical deployment—especially in long-context scenarios—is often hindered by the computational and memory costs associated with managing the key–value (KV) cache during inference. …”
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Exploring the role of an underground logistics system in enhancing Swiss intermodal freight by Mariana de Almeida Costa, Ihab Kaddoura, Annick Noll, Merlin Unterfinger, Miloš Balać, Francesco Corman

“…Additionally, the study examines the effects of varying costs and tolerance for delays on modal shares. By emphasising the importance of terminal infrastructure, network expansion, and coordinated mechanisms, the findings offer valuable insights into enhancing the efficiency, competitiveness, and sustainability of Switzerland’s intermodal freight system in response to future demand scenarios.…”
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Federated learning for sustainable IoT appliance load monitoring at the edge devices by Gitanjali Wadhwa, Yuvaraj Natarajan, K. R. Sri Preethaa, M. P. Gopinath, M. Shyamala Devi

“…Abstract Non-intrusive Appliance Load Monitoring (NALM) is an essential technique that enables the tracking of household appliances’ electricity usage, promotes eco-friendly practices, and reduces energy monitoring costs. However, NALM implementation can be challenging due to privacy concerns, particularly in real-world applications. …”
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Optimizing guest experience in smart hospitality: Integrated fuzzy-AHP and machine learning for centralized hotel operations with IoT by Sinan Andan Diwan

“…Hotels need Intelligent Systems that enhance efficiency, reduce operational costs, and provide better amenities with adequate service to stay competitive. …”
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Blockchain-Enabled Privacy-Preserving Ecosystem for DNA Sequence Sharing by Thi-Thanh-An Nguyen, Yu-Heng Hsieh, Ching-Hsi Tseng, Yu-Chen Lin, Shyan-Ming Yuan

“…Experimental results from a prototype implementation indicate that the system achieves a throughput of up to 10–20 transactions per second for identity and access operations while incurring acceptable on-chain costs (≈1.3 million gas to deploy contracts and 400–800 k gas per user registration). …”
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Social Determinants of Health and Health Confidence: A Cross-Sectional Study by Laura Truman PhD, Patricia Calero MA, Caroline Etland PhD, Razel B. Milo PhD, Cynthia D. Connelly PhD

“…Introduction Research shows low health confidence predicts poor involvement in self-care and is associated with increased use of costly healthcare services. To improve overall health and reduce health inequities, the relevance and urgency of identifying the relationship between social determinants of health and health confidence are great. …”
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