White coat effect in patients with hypertension by G. F. Andreeva, V. M. Gorbunov, D. N. Antipushina, E. V. Platonova

“…In addition, BP increase in these patients during a doctor’s visit may lead to additional prescription of antihypertensive drugs, increasing costs and side effects. To identify WCE, a large number of methods are used, which can be divided into following groups: I – data from clinical and daytime ambulatory blood pressure measurement, II – clinical and home BP assessment, III – only ambulatory BP measurement, IV – clinical and laboratory BP data, and V – only clinical BP measurement. …”
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A review of phenolic compounds in water bodies of grazing areas by Monde Rapiya, Mhlangabezi Slayi, Wayne Truter

“…Detecting and monitoring phenolic compounds require sensitive techniques like high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and microextraction methods, which can be costly and complex. Seasonal changes, land use, and pollution from fertilizers, pesticides, and animal waste influence phenolic levels in water bodies. …”
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Data Biases in Geohazard AI: Investigating Landslide Class Distribution Effects on Active Learning and Self-Optimizing by Jing Miao, Zhihao Wang, Tianshu Ma, Zhichao Wang, Guoming Gao

“…While active learning (AL) offers promise for mitigating annotation costs and addressing data biases, the interplay between landslide class proportions and AL efficiency remains poorly quantified; additionally, self-optimizing mechanisms to adaptively manage class imbalances are underexplored. …”
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Anonymous Authentication Scheme Based on Physically Unclonable Function and Biometrics for Smart Cities by Vincent Omollo Nyangaresi, Ahmad A. AlRababah, Ganesh Keshaorao Yenurkar, Ravikumar Chinthaginjala, Muhammad Yasir

“…Moreover, comparative performance shows that it incurs the lowest energy and computation costs at relatively low communication overheads.…”
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Data-driven prediction of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in a nationwide study by Sehyun Kim, Beomsang Ryu, Mingee Choi, Sangyon Lee, Jaeyong Shin, Sok Chul Hong

“…The findings underscore the importance of developing diverse models to predict diseases like CCVD, which have high medical costs and incidence rates, thus informing the development of healthcare policies.…”
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Modeling sustainable development pathways by Leonardo Schultz, Chris Cosner, José Maria Cardoso da Silva

“…Critically, increasing education investment to 8 % of GDP eliminates the economic costs associated with conservation policies. This study demonstrates that apparent trade-offs between environmental protection and socioeconomic development can be resolved through strategic policy integration. …”
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column:Mid-Term Optimal Scheduling of Hydro-Wind-Solar Systems Addressing Extreme Drought and Renewable Energy Forecast Error by CHEN Cong, LIU Benxi, WANG Haidong, WANG Wenbin

“…On this basis, a mid-term complementary scheduling model for hydro-wind-solar systems was developed with the objective of minimizing total operational costs. The original model was transformed into a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model through the linearization of both objective functions and constraints. …”
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Linearized MILP Model With Improved Soft Actor-Critic Algorithm for Dynamic and Efficient Active Distribution Network Planning by Jinlin Liao, Guilian Wu, Jia Lin

“…Furthermore, ISAC exhibits outstanding performance in dynamic scenarios, reducing total costs by 20.63% and 15.25% compared to Deep Q-Network (DQN) and Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG), respectively.…”
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Review Review Review: Protein Subunit and DNA Vaccines Key Research, Development & Future Directions by Hafiz Mirza Muhammad Shahab

“…Scaling up manufacturing and high production costs are challenges. The advantages of DNA vaccines include improved efficacy because of developments in delivery technologies, such as lipid nanoparticles, and rapid development and economical manufacture (e.g., ZyCoV-D). …”
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Use of sugarcane industrial by-products for improving sugarcane productivity and soil health by M. L. Dotaniya, S. C. Datta, D. R. Biswas, C. K. Dotaniya, B. L. Meena, S. Rajendiran, K. L. Regar, Manju Lata

“…If all the press mud is recycled through agriculture about 32,464, 28,077, 14,038, 3434, 393, 1030, and 240 tonnes (t) of N, P, K, Fe, Zn, Mn, and Cu, respectively, can be available and that helps in saving of costly chemical fertilizers. Conclusions Application of sugarcane industries by-products reduces the recommended dose of fertilizers and improves organic matter of soil during the crop production. …”
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Scrub-and-Learn: Category-Aware Weight Modification for Machine Unlearning by Jiali Wang, Hongxia Bie, Zhao Jing, Yichen Zhi

“…However, existing methods often struggle with high computational costs, such as estimating the inverse Hessian, or require access to the original training data, limiting their practicality. (2) Methods: In this work, we introduce Scrub-and-Learn, which is a category-aware weight modification framework designed to remove class-level knowledge efficiently. …”
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TRIDENT: Text-Free Data Augmentation Using Image Embedding Decomposition for Domain Generalization by Yoonyoung Choi, Geunhyeok Yu, Hyoseok Hwang

“…However, these methods rely on domain-specific textual inputs and require costly fine-tuning, which limits their scalability. …”
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Organo-mineral fertilizers for sustainable agriculture by Katarzyna Chojnacka, Jonas Baltrusaitis

“…Precise nutrient management reduces input costs, improves yields, and reduces chemical residues in crops. …”
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Inefficiencies and Patient Burdens in the Development of the Targeted Cancer Drug Sorafenib: A Systematic Review. by James Mattina, Benjamin Carlisle, Yasmina Hachem, Dean Fergusson, Jonathan Kimmelman

“…Our evaluation of sorafenib development suggests many opportunities for reducing costs and unnecessary patient burden in cancer drug development.…”
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Resource-Efficient Personalization in Federated Learning With Closed-Form Classifiers by Eros Fani, Raffaello Camoriano, Barbara Caputo, Marco Ciccone

“…Our empirical evaluation on real-world cross-device datasets shows that <monospace>Fed3R</monospace>, combined with <monospace>OLL</monospace>, significantly improves performance and reduces training costs in heterogeneous FL and PFL scenarios.…”
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Dual-Alignment CLIP: Task-Specific Alignment of Text and Visual Features for Few-Shot Remote Sensing Scene Classification by Dongmei Deng, Ping Yao

“…However, labeling of large annotated remote sensing datasets is costly and time consuming, which limits the applicability of CNNs for real-world. …”
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Enhancing Engineering and STEM Education With Vision and Multimodal Large Language Models to Predict Student Attention by Luis Marquez-Carpintero, Diego Viejo, Miguel Cazorla

“…The research is structured into two phases: the first phase optimizes image frequency and computational costs using MLLMs, while the second phase trains VLMs on classroom data to identify visual cues, including gaze direction and head movement. …”
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Antimicrobial resistance in foodborne pathogens: consequences for public health and future approaches by Pooja Chavan, Rahul Vashishth

“…Longer hospital stays, higher medical costs, and an increase in death rates are the results of this. …”
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Public Attention Index of Air Pollution Exposure from PM2.5 in Thailand by Pailin Suntigul, Sittidaj Pongkijvorasin

“…The findings indicate a statistically significant positive relationship between public attention, PM2.5 pollution levels, willingness to pay for PM2.5 reduction, and economic and social costs associated with PM2.5. The PAI_PM2.5 index serves as a valuable tool for policymakers, offering a data-driven method to align public perceptions with the true severity of pollution issues. …”
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Shared Operation of a Barrage Jammer and Reference Signal Sources for Determining Ground-Based Radio Transmitters Operating via Geostationary Relay Satellites by R. D. Gall

“…The method proposed in this paper makes it possible to achieve a relatively high accuracy when determining the geolocation of ground-based radio emission sources in the Earth’s regions of interest, at the same time as involving no organizational and financial costs for the installation of a large number of reference stations.…”
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