Medicinal leech therapy and grated unripe papaya bandage for the treatment of chronic leg ulcer: A case report by Nazim Husain, Md Akhter Hussain Jamali, Jamal Akhtar, Usama Akram, N. Zaheer Ahmed

“…Leg ulcers pose a significant burden on morbidity, healthcare costs, and quality of life, despite rarely resulting in limb loss. …”
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2025 Korean Thyroid Association Clinical Management Guideline on Active Surveillance for Low-Risk Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma by Eun Kyung Lee, Min Joo Kim, Seung Heon Kang, Bon Seok Koo, Kyungsik Kim, Mijin Kim, Bo Hyun Kim, Ji-hoon Kim, Shinje Moon, Kyorim Back, Young Shin Song, Jong-hyuk Ahn, Hwa Young Ahn, Ho-Ryun Won, Won Sang Yoo, Min Kyoung Lee, Jeongmin Lee, Ji Ye Lee, Kyong Yeun Jung, Chan Kwon Jung, Yoon Young Cho, Dong-Jun Lim, Sun Wook Kim, Young Joo Park, Dong Gyu Na, Jee Soo Kim

“…Shared decision-making should carefully weigh the benefits and risks of surgery versus AS, considering expected oncologic outcomes, potential complications, quality of life, anxiety, medical costs, and patient preference. Follow-up involves neck ultrasound and thyroid function tests every 6 months for 2 years and annually thereafter. …”
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Evaluating demand flexibility of commercial building HVAC systems in South Korea by Hyunkyeong Hwang, Ah-Yun Yoon, Gyu-Sub Lee, Seung-Il Moon

“…Considering the replicated ANN model, the optimal Demand Response (DR) schedules in response to Time-Of-Use (TOU) prices from the grid operator are determined to minimize building electricity costs. Consequently, the flexibility quantification of HVAC systems is evaluated by comparing the derived optimal DR schedules with baseline consumption. …”
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High-entropy alloyed single-atom Pt for methanol oxidation electrocatalysis by Mingda Liu, Zhichao Zhang, Chenyu Li, Sen Jin, Kunlei Zhu, Shoushan Fan, Jia Li, Kai Liu

“…This work presents a high-entropy alloyed single-atom strategy to realize efficient and durable methanol oxidation reaction catalysis with low costs.…”
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Optimized Coordinated Scheduling of Oxy-Fuel Combustion Carbon Capture Combined Heat and Power Plant Considering Hydrogen Energy Storage by Buyuan DENG, Zhi YUAN, Ji LI

“…Finally, leveraging carbon trading and peak regulation auxiliary service markets to enhance carbon reduction and peak regulation initiatives of power plants, the study aims to optimize system operating costs, establishing a low-carbon economic dispatch model for oxy-fuel combustion carbon capture plants integrated with hydrogen energy storage. …”
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Green Supply Chains: Feature Analysis and Key Node Identification in Multi-Layer Supply Chain Networks Based on Fused Multi-Scale Metric by Shanshan Wang, Ruoxuan AI, Shoukat Iqbal Khattak, Sadia Tariq

“…Nowadays, the stability, efficiency, and costs of supply chains and their adaptability to market fluctuations have become challenging for global enterprises. …”
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Experimental investigation to enhancing the energy efficiency of a solar-powered Visi cooler by K. Senthil Kumar, R. Vasanthi, Mustafa Shakir, Arunkumar Munimathan, A. S. Manirathnam, Mohammad Mukhtar Alam, Parvathy Rajendran, It Ee Lee

“…While solar-powered refrigeration is an alternative, existing systems heavily rely on battery storage, which increases maintenance, costs, and limits system lifespan. This study analyses the operational efficiency of a solar-powered VISI cooler with a DC compressor-based refrigeration system, adding and omitting phase change materials (PCM). …”
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Herramienta asistencial para el diagnóstico postural en sedestación en personas con movilidad reducida by Patrick Vermander, Aitziber Mancisidor, Itziar Cabanes, Nerea Pérez, Jon Torres-Unda

“…Así, se presenta un dispositivo de bajo coste, enfocado a una población con baja movilidad, basado en el uso de sensores de fuerza que permiten monitorizar su distribución de peso en sedestación. …”
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Evaluating Particulate Matter Reduction by Indoor Plants in a Recirculating Air System by Erich Streit, Jolan Schabauer, Azra Korjenic

“…While technical air purification systems can be costly and impractical, indoor plants offer a sustainable alternative. …”
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Metallic Bipolar Plate Production Through Additive Manufacturing: Contrasting MEX/M and PBF-LB/M Approaches by Karim Asami, Sebastian Roth, Jan Hünting, Tim Röver, Claus Emmelmann

“…PBF-LB/M, tailored for high-performance applications, enables the creation of highly complex geometries, albeit at increased costs. On the other hand, MEX/M excels in rapid prototyping, facilitating the swift production of diverse geometries for real-world testing. …”
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Ultrasound and microwave assisted extraction of acorn oil (Quercus brantii): Optimization and characterization by Samaneh Niari, Nasser Hamdami, Mohsen Dalvi-Isfahan, Alain Le-Bail

“…This efficiency makes UAE particularly advantageous for industrial-scale operations seeking to minimize environmental impact and operational costs. The findings further emphasize that UAE not only provides superior oil yield but also enhances the total phenolic content of the extracted oil, achieving a value 2.5 times higher than that obtained with MAE. …”
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Implementation of Mass Cytometry for Immunoprofiling of Patients with Solid Tumors by Ingrid Poláková, Ondřej Pelák, Daniel Thürner, Barbora Pokrývková, Ruth Tachezy, Tomáš Kalina, Michal Šmahel

“…Also, with respect to procedure length and costs, sample preparation, staining, and storage should be optimized. …”
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Predicting the Relative Density of Stainless Steel and Aluminum Alloys Manufactured by L-PBF Using Machine Learning by José Luis Mullo, Iván La Fé-Perdomo, Jorge Ramos-Grez, Ángel F. Moreira Romero, Alejandra Ramírez-Albán, Mélany Yarad-Jácome, Germán Omar Barrionuevo

“…In addition, since experimental designs are costly, one solution is using machine learning algorithms that allow the effects of variations in the processing parameters on the resulting density of the additively manufactured components to be anticipated. …”
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MultiNet: A deep neural network approach for detecting breast cancer through multi-scale feature fusion by Saikat Islam Khan, Ashef Shahrior, Razaul Karim, Mahmodul Hasan, Anichur Rahman

“…Breast cancer diagnosis from biopsy tissue images conducted manually by pathologists is costly, time-consuming, and disagreements among specialists. …”
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Hydrothermal Synthesis of Lithium Lanthanum Titanate by Alexandru Okos, Ana-Maria Mocioiu, Dumitru Valentin Drăguț, Alexandru Cristian Matei, Cristian Bogdănescu

“…We report a novel solvothermal synthesis method that produces almost single-phase LLTO samples at significantly reduced costs. The samples thus obtained were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and chemical analysis. …”
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Yield Diagnosis and Tuning for Emerging Semiconductors During Research Stage by Chunshan Wang, Zizhao Ma, Yuxuan Zhu, Chensheng Jin, Dongyu Chen, Chuxin Zhang, Yining Chen, Wenzhong Bao, Yufeng Xie

“…., 2D materials) are extremely costly to pilot. In this paper, we propose a yield diagnosis and tuning scheme based on ensemble learning and Bayesian optimization, which demonstrate outstanding performance even with a limited data volume. …”
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Non-invasive methods to assess seed quality based on ultra-weak photon emission and delayed luminescence by Adriano Griffo, Stefanie Sehmisch, Frédéric Laager, Andrea Pagano, Alma Balestrazzi, Anca Macovei, Andreas Börner

“…., germination tests), non-invasive approaches allow a more sustainable and rapid evaluation of seed quality but this is limited by high costs. The measurement of ultra-weak photon emission (UPE) and delayed fluorescence (DL), defined as biological phenomena potentially related to the physiological status of living systems, may represent a suitable approach to estimate seed quality. …”
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Hydrogen production from greywater algae biomass via Pyrolysis: Influence of temperature and polyaniline integrated sodium hydroxide (PANI-NaOH) catalyst by T. Sathish, Mohamed Ben Ammar, Hassen Sabeur, Tariq Alkhrissat, Ankur Bahl, A. Anderson

“…Applying this technology at scale becomes challenging because of the combination of high production costs and significant tar formation as well as diminished hydrogen-selectivity levels. …”
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Steel Surface Defect Detection Technology Based on YOLOv8-MGVS by Kai Zeng, Zibo Xia, Junlei Qian, Xueqiang Du, Pengcheng Xiao, Liguang Zhu

“…Compared with YOLOv8n from experimental results, the average accuracy, recall rate, and frames per second of the improved model were improved by 5.2%, 10.5%, and 6.4%, respectively, while the number of parameters and computational costs were reduced by 5.8% and 14.8%, respectively. …”
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The Reconstruction of Tympanic Membrane Perforations using Various Biomaterials: A Narrative Review by Prasad Trimbakrao Deshmukh, Farhat Qamruddin Khan, Sagar Shankarrao Gaurkar

“…Conventional surgical techniques, such as tympanoplasty, employ autologous grafts such fascia and cartilage; however, these approaches can be invasive, result in scarring and are subject to limitations including graft rejection and increased costs. Biomaterials such as Hyaluronic Acid (HA), collagen and gelatin sponges are being explored for Tympanic Membrane (TM) repair to resolve these issues. …”
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