Adoption Spells of Improved Potato Varieties by Smallholder Farmers in Eastern Ethiopia: The Duration Approach by Sisay Lemessa, Molla Alemayehu, Megersa Daksa, Nigussie Dechassa

“…The regression analysis revealed that costs of inputs such as manure and compost, environmental and market factors such as drought, pest and disease outbreaks, price variability of potato seed, and quality of potato seed were found to be factors influencing adoption decisions of improved potato varieties by smallholder farmers.…”
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Innovation in Steel-Making Cluster in the Russian Federation and Factors of Innovation Development by P. N. Kobin

“…On the basis of statistics the author depicted production dynamics in the industry, the level of innovation activity at enterprises, analyzed the structure of innovation costs in the cluster and showed priority tasks facing producers of goods of ferrous metallurgy and promising trends of their functioning. …”
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Optimizing Energy Efficiency and Green Storage in RAID-6 Systems: Comparative Analyses of Error Correction Codes by Guo Pinyi

“…Future research aims to implement these optimizations in actual storage setups within cloud and high-performance computing settings, potentially reducing both operational costs and environmental impacts. This proactive approach seeks to align with the increasing demand for sustainable data management practices, offering significant benefits in energy savings and reinforcing the commitment to eco-friendly computing solutions.…”
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Intencificación agrícola y pérdida de servicios ambientales en el partido de Azul (Provincia de Buenos Aires) entre 2002-2011 / Agricultural intensification and loss of environment... by Patricia Vazquez, Laura Zulaica

“…This process allows increasing productivity but it increases costs in terms of loss of environmental services. …”
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Care mobilities and associated contexts of hospital-based informal caregiving in Nigeria: Towards an explanatory framework. by Kudus Oluwatoyin Adebayo, Oluwaseyi Dolapo Somefun, Mofeyisara Omobowale, Rukayat Usman

“…Geographical distance, policy contradictions, and the financial costs of hospitalization significantly affected caregiving dynamics. …”
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Quasi-partnership forms of state-business interaction in innovative development by M. A. Valishvili

“…Traditional forms of this such as concession agreements and public-private partnerships agreements have shown high sensitivity to the crisis phenomena in the Russian economy, when a number of projects has been suspended due to a significant reduction in consumer demand and rising costs, which has created a high-level risk that projects will not achieve their final goals. …”
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DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTRONIC GOVERNMENT AS A DRIVER OF COMPETITIVENESS OF EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES by Svitlana Rybkina, Elmira Sokolova

“…Among the main tools of digitalization, it is worth noting electronic identification (eID), automated data registers and online platforms that simplify the interaction of citizens with authorities, reducing time costs and creating a transparent environment. These digital solutions not only reduce administrative barriers, but also form the basis for building trust between the public and government structures. …”
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Enabling circularity throughout the production system’s lifecycle – practices, challenges, and requirements by Filip Skärin, Carin Rösiö

“…These systems must adapt to multiple product generations; otherwise, they risk early termination, leading to unsustainable and costly linear resource use. This study investigated circularity practices implemented throughout the production systems’ lifecycle. …”
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360° size-adjustable microelectrode array system for electrophysiological monitoring of cerebral organoids by Takashi Ozaki, Norikazu Ohta, Jiaju Ma, Minoru Hirano

“…Fabricated using flexible printed circuit technology, this MEA system offers relatively low production costs. It is also amenable to widespread implementation in laboratory settings. …”
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The moderating role of vendor managed inventory on the bullwhip effect in the COVID-19 pandemic by Paul Mukucha, Felix Chari

“…The bullwhip effect was conceptualized by its indicators that are overstocking, obsolescence, and inventory holding costs. A survey of conveniently chosen 100 bakeries was conducted in the city of Harare, the capital city of Zimbabwe. …”
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Macroeconomic Synchronization and Policy Coordination After Regional Economic Integration in the Americas by Helen Chang

“…For the developing partners in NAFTA and CAFTA-DR, even as trade integration shrinks the available policy options for member states, the costs of losing policy autonomy largely outweigh the benefits of coordination because of the idiosyncratic macroeconomic variability of the developing partners.…”
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Evaluating Supply Chain Risks in The Moroccan Automotive Industry: A Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Approach by Kayouh Nabil, Dkhissi Btissam

“…Additionally, challenges such as agitated political situations, high maintenance costs, and infrastructure limitations demand attention to enhance supply chain resilience. …”
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Spectral Method of Identification of Peltier Thermoelectric Elements Based on Piecewise Linear Approximation by Gleb Vasilyev, Oleg Kuzichkin, Dmitry Surzhik, Aleksandr Koskin

“…At the same time, the increase in the accuracy of identification requirements is associated with significant computational costs. The proposed identification technique requires the determination of the time dependencies of the control current and temperature deviation, the calculation of their spectra based on piecewise linear approximation, and the calculation of the transfer coefficient as the ratio of the spectra of the output and input signals. …”
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High-robustness integrated adversarial training method for fingerprint-based indoor localization systems by ZHANG Xuejun, LI Mei, CHEN Hui, WANG Guohua

“…In EDEAD, the data distillation technique was employed to improve the quality of the augmented data and the early stopping algorithm was used to save training costs. Additionally, a coherence gradient alignment loss term was introduced to enhance adversarial response consistency among sub-models while maintaining inter-model diversity. …”
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Localization with signal-based signature distance by Pengpeng Chen, Yuqing Yin, Shouwan Gao, Qiang Niu

“…Existing range-free localization approaches suffer from precision limit of positioning, while range-based solutions may obtain good accuracy but pay high costs for ranging hardware. Instead of directly mapping received signal strength values into physical distances, a novel localization scheme with signal-based signature distance estimation is proposed for wireless sensor network. …”
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Time-constrained strong multi-designated verifier signature suitable for Internet of things–based collaborative fog computing systems by Han-Yu Lin

“…Moreover, some comparisons in terms of the signature size and computational costs for involved entities among related mechanisms are made.…”
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A BREAKTHROUGH VARICELLA: WILL A NEW VACCINATION SCHEDULE CHANGE THE SITUATION? by E.A. Vishneva, L.S. Namazova-Baranova

“…Socio-economic burden of disease due to both-direct health care, costs — to seek medical care and treatment,  and indirect — social. …”
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Unmanned aerial vehicle control in the task of mobile ground object tracking by A. A. Lobaty, P. V. Kholod

“…A justified choice of an analytical solution to the optimization problem made it possible to formulate the law of control of the acceleration of the UAV center of mass, taking into account the change in the trajectory of the GO motion and minimization of control costs. The given example of mathematical modeling of the optimal control of a UAV and the formation of its flight trajectory when accompanied by a ground object demonstrated the efficiency of the proposed method and the prospects of its application for the synthesis of UAV autopilots at the preliminary design stage.…”
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Otimização do custo de transporte na distribuição-armazenagem de açúcar by Emerson Carlos Colin, Flávio A. M Cipparrone, Tamio Shimizu

“…This system takes into account the storage capacity of the several warehouses, usine production, and transportation costs involved in sugar transportation in a period of 13 months. …”
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Studying the Fabrication and Characterization of Polymer Composites Reinforced with Waste Eggshell Powder by Wasan A. Alkaron, Sameer F. Hamad, Mohammed M. Sabri

“…The results indicate ES fillers’ potential usage as a reinforcement material to develop the thermal and chemical properties of the PA polymer matrix composites, thereby reducing costs and minimizing the environmental pollution caused by waste eggshells and petroleum-based polymers.…”
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