Exploring the impact of fixed theta values in RoPE on character-level language model performance and efficiency by Zhigao Huang, Musheng Chen, Shiyan Zheng

“…However, all non-default theta configurations incur significant computational overhead: inference speed is approximately halved across all datasets, suggesting implementation—specific bottlenecks rather than theta—dependent costs. This study quantifies a critical performance—efficiency trade-off when tuning fixed RoPE theta. …”
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Sustainable tourism supply chain in economic recession: Analysis of government intervention using game theory approach by Elham Sadat Mousavi

“…Green hotels are more severely affected, as they face higher costs while struggling to maintain competitive pricing in times of crisis. …”
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Discovery and Discrimination of Bridge Engineering Safety Issues by BIM Virtual Scene Combined with Robotic Mapping by Guilin Gong, Shaowu Zeng, Jingjing Gao, Qingliang Zhang, Xinli Wang

“…All along, safety accidents in the field of bridge construction have continued to arise, costing society's development financial and material resources and taking away people’s personal safety, turning into an urgent need for safety managers in the field to solve the subject research. …”
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A Digital Signal Processing-Based Multi-Channel Acoustic Emission Acquisition System with a Simplified Analog Front-End by Gan Tang

“…Advanced multi-channel acoustic emission (AE) monitoring systems often rely on complex and costly architectures, especially those requiring custom FPGA-based hardware. …”
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Incomes and Expenditures of Collective Farmers Large Families in Sverdlovsk Region (according to the data of budgetary surveys of 1965) by V. N. Mamyachenkov

“…It is declared that most of the expenses of large families of collective farmers were the costs of food products and non-food industrial goods. …”
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Employment status of people diagnosed with multiple sclerosis in Brazil by Carolina Martines Estrutti, Gustavo San Martin Elexpe Cardoso, Maykon Anderson Pires de Novais, Enedina Maria Lobato de Oliveira, Denis Bernardi Bichuetti

“…The longer time to diagnosis may imply treatment delay, and strategies focusing on early diagnosis and adequate treatment may favor employment retention and reduce disability related costs, such as social benefits and pension fund use.…”
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Common Transport Policy of the European Union: a Road Map for the Eurasian Economic Union by Y. V. Pak, T. N. Polyanova

“…When working out its own CTP the EEU faces similar challenges to that of the EU though Eurasian integration offers a unique opportunity to evade European mistakes on its way to creating a modern regional transport and logistics infrastructure at lower costs. The research identifies these failing points in the framework of the European CTP as following: (1) strong reluctance of the member states to surpass economic and political control over the transport industry on to the supranational level, (2) turning of special agencies responsible for the implementation of CTP into an independent actors with political ambitions and (3) inadequate involvement of public-private partnership mechanisms into the regional infrastructure projects. …”
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Does the trade of medical products contribute to promoting human development?—An empirical analysis based on data from China and RCEP countries by Liang Wu, Wenxia Liu, Jianhua Zhou, Dan Zhou, Hanjie Xiao

“…BackgroundAs the RCEP (Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership) Agreement deepens, the role of medical product trade in safeguarding regional public health security and promoting economic development has become increasingly prominent.MethodsBased on data from 2004 to 2023, this study employs the stochastic frontier gravity model and benchmark regression model to explore the impact of China’s medical product export efficiency on the development indices of RCEP countries.ResultsThe findings are as follows: (1) China’s medical product exports to RCEP countries exhibit simultaneous scale expansion, structural differentiation, and market concentration, with ASEAN, Japan, and South Korea as core markets and mid-to-low-end products dominating the export structure; (2) Trade efficiency evolution reflects dual mechanisms of institutional environment and technological capabilities, where governance levels and health system soundness optimize efficiency, while excessive liberalization and tax burdens increase friction costs; (3) Enhanced export efficiency indirectly promotes human development in RCEP countries by strengthening basic health service coverage, forming a “trade-health-development” transmission mechanism.ConclusionTo enhance export efficiency and achieve synergistic development, we propose: (1) For policymakers: Deepen institutional coordination and establish a “trade-health” collaborative governance framework to amplify public health dividends; (2) For exporters: Implement a tiered market strategy and strengthen technological innovation to enhance industrial resilience.…”
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Evaluation of Steel Shear Walls Behavior with Sinusoidal and Trapezoidal Corrugated Plates by Emad Hosseinpour, Shahrizan Baharom, Yasser Yadollahi

“…In the stiffened walls, joining the stiffeners to the wall is costly and time consuming. The ANSYS software was used to analyze the different models of unstiffened one-story steel walls with sinusoidal and trapezoidal corrugated plates under lateral load. …”
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An Integrated UAV and Deep Learning Framework With HSB-Based Segmentation for Automated Slope Anomaly Detection in Mountainous Soil and Water Conservation Sites by Nai-Hsin Pan, Bo-Yuan Chang

“…By integrating UAVs for data acquisition and deep learning for automated analysis, the proposed system significantly reduces human labor costs, improves inspection efficiency, and provides a robust and reliable solution for anomaly detection and analysis. …”
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Lasius flavus ants protect root aphid eggs from predators and pathogens during winter hibernation by Thomas Parmentier, Nicky Wybouw

“…Our research highlights the crucial protection services L. flavus ants provide to root aphids in winter, while the potential costs and delayed benefits (honeydew provision) of this protection for the ants should be further explored.…”
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Scale-Model Experiment on the Delayed Failure Mechanism of Deep Tunnels in Brittle Rock by Ning Zhang, Ziwei Chen

“…Under isotropic geostress the failure shape has a smooth circle boundary, failure process totally costs 56 h. While under anisotropic geostress a dog-eared breakdown was found, the failure process amounted to 72 h. …”
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Qualidade total do produto Products total quality by Henrique Silveira de Almeida, José Carlos de Toledo

“…Product quality for consumers includes at least the following dimensions: the product quality per se; the performance of product quality over time; the quality of services related to the use of the product; and the product lifecycle costs. This study seeks to specify and to discuss each of these quality dimensions related to consumer's satisfaction.…”
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Academic Researcher Work and the Confusion of Public Authorities. A Bleak Outlook for the Consequences of the Higher Education Reform in Poland – Comparative Approach by M. Świstak, P. Smoleń

“…They lead to a reduction of the tax burden (by applying 50% tax deductible costs) by exactly half. While the very idea adopted on the grounds of Polish legal solutions deserves a high assessment and may constitute an interesting model to be copied in the BRICS countries (as far-reaching benefits for university researchers), the manner of its introduction deserves criticism. …”
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Dispersant for Reducing Mud Cakes of Slurry Shield Tunnel Boring Machine in Sticky Ground by Shisen Zhao, Shuchen Li, Zeen Wan, Manling Wang

“…The mud cakes caused several negative issues, such as high torque demand, advancement rate reduction, and additional costs. Existing studies have largely focused on Earth pressure balance TBMs; research on formation and mitigation measures of mud cakes in slurry shield TBMs is limited. …”
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EFFECTS OF INTEREST RATE ON PROFITABILITY OF LISTED DEPOSITE MONEY BANKS IN NIGERIA by Joseph Olorunfemi Akande

“…While some banks benefit from higher interest rates through improved margins, others experience increased funding costs, reduced loan disbursement, and higher default risks. …”
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Citrus Diseases Exotic to Florida: Citrus Tristeza Virus– Stem Pitting (CTV-SP) by Kuang Ren Chung, Ronald H. Brlansky

“…Any exotic diseases, if introduced, will increase production costs and decrease profitability for Florida growers. …”
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Environmental Accounting and Reporting of Agricultural Enterprises by A. V. Chepulyanis, R. R. Sadykov

“…The authors proposed mechanisms for improving the accounting of environmental obligations, real and conditional costs for nature management and ecology. The methodological basis of the study comprised systematic and dialectical approaches, as well as a set of general scientific and special methods of cognition: observation, systematization and generalization, methods of classification and grouping. …”
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Capacity of Social Institutions: Towards Participation in Community-Centered Management Programs by Abtin Heidarzadeh, Mehrdad Farrokhi, Jafar Bazyar, Negar Pourvakhshoori

“…The community-based social organizations will still face budgetary challenges and costs in their capacity-building efforts. As such, advanced management techniques such as teamwork, collaboration and coordination between departments, innovative thinking, brainstorming, or even the use of program evaluation and analytical actions can help reduce possible challenges. …”
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Research and application of digital measure management and control technology for characteristic low-efficiency gas wells in Gas Field A. by Hao-Yang Li, Wen-Hai Ma, Jun-Liang Li, Cheng-Gang Jiang, Pin-Gang Ma, De-Song Yao, Ming-Xi Feng, Shao-Xing Gu

“…The large workload and high costs of maintenance make it difficult to ensure the timing and frequency of interventions, affecting the gas recovery efficiency. …”
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