Estimating concentration of toxic ions Arsenic in water by using Photonic Crystal Fiber based on Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) by Ghufran Mohammed Jassam, Soudad S. Ahmed

“…The suggested sensor has a strong mechanical structure, low cost, and easy fabrication, allowing it to provide a greater measurement range and action area to the measured samples without lengthening the sensor. …”
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Simulation design of 542kWp DC/480kWp AC Solar Photovoltaic System at Institute of Southern Punjab by Muhammad Muneeb Khan, Sadiq Ahmad, Muhammad Usman Tariq, Zeshan Haider Anjum, Muhammad Amir Shafi

“…According to National Electric Power Regulation Authority (NEPRA) rule Tarif A3(66) is applied on universities and schools, where 60 Rs/kWh is unit cost in year 2024. The generated energy costs for Longi solar cell for proposed location in ISP Multan is 0.07 US dollars per kWh, while the standard energy pricing in Pakistan in 2024 is 0.21 US dollars per kWh. …”
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Determination of Phthalates in Purified Drinking Water in Italy by Claudia Lino, Serena Indelicato, David Bongiorno, Fabio D’Agostino, Sergio Indelicato, Giuseppe Avellone

“…The analytical approach developed may be adopted as a cost-effective tool for water quality assessment and offers promising potential for broader application in public health and commercial water treatment systems.…”
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Enhancing Hand Interactions and Accessibility in Virtual Reality Environments for Users With Motor Disabilities: A Practical Case Study on VR-Shopping by Ruben Grande, Javier Albusac, Vanesa Herrera, Dorothy Monekosso, Ana De Los Reyes-Guzman, David Vallejo, J. J. Castro-Schez

“…Over the past decade, Virtual Reality (VR) has achieved significant advancements in both quality and accessibility of its devices, particularly with VR headsets that offer an enhanced immersive experience at a reduced cost. This improvement is not only in graphical fidelity but also in interactivity within virtual environments, highlighted by advancements in tracking systems that allow direct manipulation with hands-free of external devices. …”
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Social autopsy analysis of the determinants of neonatal and under-five mortalities in Nigeria, 2013-2018 by Robinson D Wammanda, John Quinley, George I Eluwa, Adeyinka Odejimi, Michael Kunnuji, William Weiss, Inuwa B Jalingo, Olorunimbe T Ayokunle, Alice R Nte, Rebekah King, Ana C Franca-Koh

“…The main barriers to care were distance, cost, transport, and the need to travel at night, and these barriers were interlinked. …”
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Protocol for a feasibility and acceptability study using a brief ACT-based intervention for people from Southwest Wales who live with persistent pain by Madalina Saracutu, Darren J Edwards, Helen Davies, Jaynie Rance

“…A larger scale study is envisaged to follow, in order to investigate the full effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of ‘A Mindful Act’.Ethics and dissemination This study was approved by the College of Human and Health Sciences Research Ethics Committee at Swansea University in December 2017. …”
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Analysis of functionality free CASE-tools databases design by A. V. Gavrilov

“…The introduction in the educational process of database design CASEtechnologies requires the institution of significant costs for the purchase of software. A possible solution could be the use of free software peers. …”
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The Reliability and Validity of Different Methods for Measuring Countermovement Jump Height by Bailey Cameron, James Steele, Lee Bridgeman

“…Coaches should consider what data they want to collect, its validity and reliability, the purpose of the testing and the cost of the equipment when deciding which system to purchase. …”
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GaN HEMTs-based compact power factor corrected 96.1% peak efficiency LED driver with gate assisted circuit by Muhammad Faizan, Zhengfang Qian, Hua Zhu, Shuting Fan, Muhammad Zain Yousaf, Mohit Bajaj, Chen Zhichu, Asad Aziz

“…Abstract LED drivers of present day demand high power factor (PF), high power efficiency, low total harmonic distortion, very low electromagnetic interference and high reliability but still struggling with low operating frequency and voltage, low efficiency, large size, lack of fully soft switching, low reliability, high cost, shoot-through and switching oscillations. In this paper, an LED driver is presented for high input voltage with low bus voltage that features very low noise, low total harmonic distortion (THD), high PF and high power efficiency by using fully soft switching mechanism, i.e. the negligible switching losses. …”
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Modified fuzzy logic and artificial bee colony: An artificial intelligence approach to optimization and power quality improvement in an MPPT-based system by Musawenkosi Lethumcebo Thanduxolo Zulu, Rudiren Sarma, Remy Tiako

“…This paper presents an improved fuzzy logic and artificial bee colony (FLABC) technique for optimization and power quality enhancement in an MPPT-based system. optimal economic dispatch solution for a microgrid, with the goal of meeting load and balance demand, while reducing the cost of power generation and gas emissions. The FLABC technique is proposed for optimization and power quality enhancement in an MPPT-based hybrid renewable system. …”
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Comparative analysis of Microsoft Kinect Azure and manual measurement methods in the sit and reach test among elite female weightlifters by Usame Ömer Osmanoğlu, Kenan Erdaği, Bülent IŞIK, Serkan Örücü, Erkan Özbay

“…Abstract Microsoft Kinect is an increasingly common tool for low-cost and portable measurement of human movements. …”
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Study on Potential Ecological Corridor Identification and Anthropogenic Disturbance for Black and White Snub-nosed Monkey by He Chunlan, Cui Jing, Shen Jinxiang, Shi Xiaoqian, Huang Zhipang, Shen Yingzheng

“…This study utilized the Linkage Mapper tool, integrating the MaxEnt model, least-cost distance model, and gravity model, to extract and classify potential ecological corridors, identify potential ecological nodes, and analyze these corridors and nodes in terms of human disturbance index and land use/ cover. …”
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Simultaneous Mid-Infrared Gas Sensing and Upconversion Based on Third Harmonic Generation in Cascaded Waveguides by Jianxing Pan, Zhenxing Chen, Tianye Huang, Shuwen Zeng, Zhuo Cheng, Pan Huang, Xiang Zhao, Perry Ping Shum, Gilberto Brambilla

“…The performance of conventional gas sensors based on light absorption in the mid-infrared are limited by the high-cost and low efficiency of photon detection at these wavelengths. …”
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Natural plant-derived nanovesicles for effective psoriasis therapy via dual modulation of IL-17 and NRF2 pathway by Sreeram Peringattu Kalarikkal, Meghana N. Kumar, Soundaram Rajendran, Cathrine M.S. Bethi, Jahnavi Ravilla, Janakiraman Narayanan, Gopinath M. Sundaram

“…Since PDNVs are economical to produce, shallot and garlic PDNVs could be natural and cost-effective topical alternative for psoriasis.…”
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A Four‐Dimensional Variational Informed Generative Adversarial Network for Data Assimilation by Wuxin Wang, Boheng Duan, Weicheng Ni, Jingze Lu, Taikang Yuan, Dawei Li, Juan Zhao, Kaijun Ren

“…We employ a CGAN to non‐iteratively solve the 4DVar cost function and utilize a cycle‐consistent adversarial learning framework for data augmentation. …”
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Study protocol for neuromuscular stimulation for rehabilitation after general and vascular surgery: a pilot randomised clinical study by Megumi Nimura, David Hrouda, Sarah Onida, Tristan Lane, A H Davies, Majd Rawashdeh, Azfar Javed, Ganan Sritharan, George Reese

“…The secondary outcomes are the postoperative recovery and cost-effectiveness compared between two groups, assessed by various activity tests, mobility and independence measures and questionnaires.Ethics and dissemination Ethical approvals were provided by London-Harrow Research Ethics Committee (REC) and the Health Research Authority (HRA), Ref: 21/PR/0250. …”
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Sustainable Aviation Fuels: A Comprehensive Review of Production Pathways, Environmental Impacts, Lifecycle Assessment, and Certification Frameworks by Weronika Klimczyk, Remigiusz Jasiński, Jakub Niklas, Maciej Siedlecki, Andrzej Ziółkowski

“…The implementation of SAFs faces obstacles related to cost, infrastructure, and regulations, which hinder its widespread adoption. …”
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Barcoded Orthotopic Patient‐Derived Head & Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Model Demonstrating Clonal Stability and Maintenance of Cancer Driver Mutational Landscape by Peiran Zhou, Claire B. Mills, Zhao Ming Dong, Brittany R. Barber, Slobodan Beronja

“…To address some concerns of current PDX mouse models of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC): (1) genomic evolution with passage by generating high‐purity cancer cells, which can also be utilized for other downstream applications, including cell culture‐based studies, and (2) cost‐effectiveness of current PDX models. Methods Two‐millimeter tumor cubes from nine patients were implanted into immunodeficient mouse flanks subcutaneously. …”
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Recent Advancements in Neuroimaging‐Based Alzheimer's Disease Prediction Using Deep Learning Approaches in e‐Health: A Systematic Review by Zia‐Ur‐Rehman, Mohd Khalid Awang, Ghulam Ali, Muhammad Faheem

“…DL models have received significant interest due to their capability to identify AD in its early phases automatically, which reduces the mortality rate and treatment cost of AD. Method An extensive literature search was performed in leading scientific databases, concentrating on papers published from 2021 to 2025. …”
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Application and usefulness of a new eight‐wire basket catheter for endoscopic extraction of small common bile duct stones: A retrospective multicenter study by Osamu Inatomi, Masanobu Katayama, Koichi Soga, Takashi Yamamoto, Takao Mikami, Yukihiro Morita, Jun Nakajima, Shuhei Shintani, Yuki Yagi, Yuki Kishi, Kazuyoshi Matsumura

“…However, it is desirable to use a single device for stone extraction from the perspective of cost‐effectiveness. In this multicenter study, we evaluated the efficacy of a new eight‐wire basket catheter for extracting small (≤10 mm) common bile duct stones. …”
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