Challenges in lentiviral vector production: retro-transduction of producer cell lines by Maximilian Klimpel, Christin Obert, Monica Terrao, Parameswari Singh, Haiyan Wei, Chao-Guang Chen, Andreas Gille, Silke Wissing, Holger Laux

“…The increasing demand for lentiviral vectors (LVs) has led to the development of several stable cell lines and production methods over the last 2 decades in order to increase titers and yields, reduce production costs and improve the safety of the vector product. …”
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Low back pain – a review by Kacper Rusiński, Filip Klimas, Dorota Zatłoka-Mazur, Michał Sienkiewicz, Bartosz Pawłowski, Adriana Potoczek, Zuzanna Zięba, Iwona Pudełko, Zuzanna Gajda

“…Furthermore, it represents a significant economic challenge for healthcare systems due to its substantial associated costs. The etiology of LBP is complex but, in most cases, is not caused by serious underlying diseases. …”
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New Casemix Classification as an Alternative Method for Budget Allocation in Thai Oral Healthcare Service: A Pilot Study by Thunthita Wisaijohn, Atiphan Pimkhaokham, Phenkhae Lapying, Chumpot Itthichaisri, Supasit Pannarunothai, Isao Igarashi, Koichi Kawabuchi

“…Moreover, the RW of the OHCS could be used to predict and control the production costs. In conclusion, this new OHCS casemix classification has a potential use in a global decision making.…”
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Techno-economic design and reliability assessment of a solar PV-battery-based green data center by Alok Kumar Shrivastav, Dipak Kumar Dash, Saumen Dhara, Pritish Ghosh

“…Results indicate that integrating PV-battery systems can maintain high reliability, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and offer stable, competitive energy costs over time. The findings support a policy shift towards renewable-based backup solutions, demonstrating that operational sustainability and reliability can be achieved without reliance on conventional generator sets.…”
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Prediction of sewage pipeline construction duration by introducing machine learning and deep learning approaches by Sang-Jun Park, Norhane Nour, Kang Young Lee, Ju-Hyung Kim

“… Establishing project costs in construction is crucial for project success, typically done through regression methods for prediction. …”
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Comparison of Innovative Strategies for the Coverage Problem: Path Planning, Search Optimization, and Applications in Underwater Robotics by Ahmed Ibrahim, Francisco F. C. Rego, Éric Busvelle

“…Results indicate that the OCP is preferable when traversal time is constrained, although it incurs significantly higher computational costs. Conversely, MST-based approaches provide faster but fewer optimal solutions. …”
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Chemotherapy-induced immunogenic cell death in combination with ICIs: a brief review of mechanisms, clinical insights, and therapeutic implications by Chengwei Li, Xiaoyan Qi, Min Yan, Min Yan

“…However, several challenges persist, including the management of treatment-related toxicity, high costs, and the identification of predictive biomarkers.…”
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Game Theory Based Energy-Aware Uplink Resource Allocation in OFDMA Femtocell Networks by Jun Zhao, Wei Zheng, Xiangming Wen, Xiaoli Chu, Haijun Zhang, Zhaoming Lu

“…We decompose the resource allocation problem into two subproblems, that is, a distributed subchannel allocation scheme and a distributed power control scheme to reduce costs and complexity. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can improve user utilities significantly, compared with existing power control and subchannel allocation algorithms.…”
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The rise of unmanned gyms: innovation, spatiotemporal characteristics, and the future of urban fitness by Tianhang Peng, Wanyuan Liang, Jiayi Zhang, Zike Zhang

“…With the acceleration of urbanization and the growing awareness of health, traditional gyms face challenges related to space, time, and operational costs, particularly in meeting the fragmented fitness needs of urban residents. …”
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The Role of Heuristics and Biases in the Choice of Risk Triggers for Novel Foods and GMOs in the European Union by Alessandro Monaco, Herwig C.H. Hofmann, Felix Pflücke

“…In the European Union (EU), novel foods and Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) are subject to long and costly authorisation procedures and post-marketing requirements. …”
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Energy Audit for Complex Energy System Simulated Using TRNSYS Software by Volodymyr Bezhan, Volodymyr Zhytarenko, Olga Yakovleva, Oleksii Ostapenko, Mykhailo Khmelniuk

“…Energy audit provides a way to derive energy potential and to develop energy saving program in order to improve energy efficiency during early stage design decision process for new-developed systems that can reduce costs for project owner and for customer. This paper presents utilization of complex energy system (solar assisted heat pump) for heating and cooling purposes. …”
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Nature-Based Solutions for Urban Coastal Resilience: Adaptations for Climate Change in Singapore's East Coast by Ferdousi Sharmin Sumi, Razin Sachi, Sumaiya Rahman Tanisa

“…In response to that, conventional engineering-based coastal defenses have proven to be inadequate, costly, and environmentally damaging. This study critically examines these rigid infrastructure approaches and explores the potential of Nature-based Solutions (NbS), guided by the principles of landscape urbanism, improve resilience and reduce exposure to climate hazards. …”
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Sustainability and Efficiency: Comparative Analysis of Vegetable-Based and Synthetic Cutting Fluids in SAE 1045 Steel Turning by Josean da S. Lima Junior, Yuri L. Santos, Kaciê K. A. Trindade, Maxime Montoya, Kleber G. B. Alves, Flávio J. da Silva

“…The formulations' impact on tool wear and durability at varying cutting speeds (90, 70 and 50 m/min) and on the surface roughness of the workpiece was analyzed. Economically, the costs per production volume were compared, using data from the machining tests. …”
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Development of Technical Diagnostics for Lubrication in Gear Modules for Advanced Robotic Applications by Silvia Maláková, Ľubomír Ilečko, Tibor Krenicky, Marian Dzimko

“…The results contribute to increased system reliability and extended service life, reduced maintenance and repair costs, and improved environmental aspects of robotic system maintenance.…”
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Sustainability and Innovation: Incorporating Waste from Ophthalmic Lenses into Natural Rubber Composites by José Afonso Rocha, Carlos Toshiyuki Hiranobe, Dener da Silva Souza, Samara da Silva Araújo, Márcia Ferreira Hiranobe, Guilherme Henrique Barros de Souza, Elmer Mateus Gennaro, Flávio Camargo Cabrera, Guilherme Pina Cardim, Michael Jones da Silva, Erivaldo Antônio da Silva, José Francisco Resende da Silva, Renivaldo José dos Santos

“…This study investigates the recycling of ophthalmic lens waste (OLW) in the production of vulcanized natural rubber (NR) composites, aiming to promote sustainability and reduce costs. To this end, Vietnamese natural rubber and ophthalmic lens waste were used, varying the filler content from 0 to 50 phr. …”
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Trajectory Optimization of Hypersonic Periodic Cruise Using an Improved PSO Algorithm by Hesong Li, Yi Wang, Shangcheng Xu, Yunfan Zhou, Dan Su

“…Numerical results demonstrate that optimized periodic cruise trajectory costs less fuel compared with steady-state cruise trajectory, and without computing gradient information, the proposed method is also robust. …”
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OPGW fault localization method based on transformer and federated learning by Yan Zhigang, Cui Min, Su Xinyue, Wang Jinrui, Ma Xiao, Wu Lijun

“…Then, by introducing FedL for model training at each OPGW edge sensor, only model parameters are exchanged without transmitting raw data, greatly reducing computational costs and network bandwidth requirements. Finally, the Transformer network was introduced into the model, which greatly improved the processing efficiency of fault data through parallel computing. …”
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Uncomplicated canine babesiosis without prophylaxis: Case report and retrospective analysis by Vinclérová Veronika, Tóthová Csilla, Karaffová Viera

“…Based on our findings, we strongly recommend the regular administration of antiparasitic supplements to prevent Babesia spp. infections, thereby minimizing animal suffering and reducing treatment costs.…”
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Diagnosis of rheumatic and autoimmune diseases datasetDataverse by Mohammed Fadhil Mahdi, Arezoo Jahani, Dhafar Hamed Abd

“…It facilitates early diagnosis, supports explainable artificial intelligence models, advances precision medicine, enhances research, and reduces diagnostic costs and time.…”
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Justification for high-ascent attainment for balloon radiosonde soundings at GRUAN and other sites by M. Fujiwara, B. Sun, B. Sun, A. Reale, D. Cimini, S. Larosa, L. Borg, C. von Rohden, M. Sommer, R. Dirksen, M. Maturilli, H. Vömel, R. Kivi, B. Ingleby, R. J. Kramer, B. Demoz, F. Madonna, F. Madonna, F. Carminati, O. Lewis, B. Candy, C. Thomas, D. Edwards, Noersomadi, K. Shimizu, P. Thorne

“…The analysis herein shows that the extra costs and technical challenges involved in consistent attainment of high ascents are more than outweighed by the benefits for a broad variety of real-time and delayed-mode applications. …”
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