Installation for maintaining the operating temperature of electrolytes when restoring machine parts with electroplated coatings by A. N. Kotomchin, A. F. Sinelnikov

“…The use of electroplating in the production and restoration of machine parts is important for increasing reliability and reducing costs in the operation of cars. At the same time, strengthening and restoring parts with chrome, iron and alloys based on them leads to additional costs, due to the specifics of technologies and the need to maintain certain operating temperatures of electrolytes to obtain high-quality and high-performance precipitation. …”
Get full text

Why do Chinese migrant workers return? Exploring economic push-pull factors and emotional ties. by Qiong Zhou, Zhe Huang, Lining Zeng, Jun Xu

“…This model investigates how perceived benefits, trust, costs, and both personal and government support affect migrant workers' willingness to return. …”
Get full text

R&D Expenditures and Their Impact on Innovation in the Digital Era: A Kazakhstan Perspective by G. G. Seitkan, P. Karacsony, N. K. Zaitenova, A. Konysbay

“…The article aims to assess the relationship between research and development costs and the level of innovation activity of enterprises in Kazakhstan. …”
Get full text

Platform search design with heterogeneous consumers by Junbao Li, Chengying He, Zhanzhong Shi

“…We find that when confronted with higher search costs, naïve consumers tend to assess fewer products and limit the depth of their evaluations. …”
Get full text

Environmental judicature and firm productivity: Evidence from a quasi-natural experiment. by Xiaoqi Huang, Wenbo Yao, Zhi Cao

“…Our findings show that environmental courts will reduce firm productivity in the short term, chiefly owing to the increased environmental violation costs, environmental reputation costs and environmental compliance costs. …”
Get full text

The Development of Residential Areas on the Example of Łuków: Reurbanization and Suburbanization by Rafał Fornal, Artur Myna

“…Suburbanization results in social costs and high costs of provision of technical and social infrastructure. …”
Get full text

Energy and economic benefits from economies of scale in intercity freight transportation by Philip Krammer, Andreas W. Schäfer

“…Abstract Since the beginning of motorization, intercity freight transportation modes have carried an ever-increasing load and experienced a nearly continuous decline in average unit costs and energy intensity. Using a unique dataset, we demonstrate the tight, inverse relationships between the average load carried with average transport unit costs and energy intensity, which are invariant across mode, space, and time, for the countries and time periods considered. …”
Get full text

Barriers to Blockchain Technology Implementation in Small and Medium-Sized Logistics Enterprises by Quy-Thuan Bui, Son-Tung Le

“…Blockchain has the potential to enhance supply chain efficiency, increase transparency, and reduce operational costs. However, small and medium-sized logistics enterprises (SMEs) face significant challenges in adopting this technology. …”
Get full text

Hydraulic fracturing radioactive source tracing technology based on hydraulic fracturing tracing mechanics model by Pang Yang, Song Yushou, Pan Qun, Zhao Lin

“…In the examination of economic and environmental benefits, it is found that the model proposed by the research reduces labor expenditure costs to 292,000 yuan, equipment costs to 392,000 yuan, chemical supplies costs to 217,000 yuan, and maintenance costs to 98,000 yuan, but the revenue increases to 1.34 million yuan, and environmental satisfaction reaches 81.4%. …”
Get full text

Double layered expansion planning for virtual power plants considering virtual energy storage systems by Jianghai Ma, Xuanwen Gu, Yao Zhang, Jinming Gu, Wenjie Luo, Feng Gao

“…To address the constraints imposed by high costs of conventional physical energy storage in virtual power plant planning, a bi-level expansion planning model incorporating virtual energy storage systems is proposed. …”
Get full text

Landslide susceptibility assessment using lightweight dense residual network with emphasis on deep spatial features by Shenghua Xu, Zhuolu Wang, Jiping Liu, Xinrui Ma, Tingting Zhou, Qing Tang

“…To minimize computational costs, we design a depthwise separable residual module that optimizes traditional convolution on residual branches into depthwise separable convolution. …”
Get full text

Universal energy efficiency analysis models for integrated energy systems supporting multiple scenarios by LILI YAO, LIANGWU XU, ZENGXU ZHAO

“…The proposed models significantly reduced IEMS construction costs, with an average reduction of 63% in labor costs.…”
Get full text

Progress and Challenges in the Process of Using Solid Waste as a Catalyst for Biodiesel Synthesis by Zhaolin Dong, Kaili Dong, Haotian Li, Liangyi Zhang, Yitong Wang

“…Biodiesel, as one of the alternatives to fossil fuels, faces significant challenges in large-scale industrial production due to its high production costs. In addition to raw material costs, catalyst costs are also a critical factor that cannot be overlooked. …”
Get full text

Immune response in a wild bird is predicted by oxidative status, but does not cause oxidative stress. by Dominic L Cram, Jonathan D Blount, Jennifer E York, Andrew J Young

“…The immune system provides vital protection against pathogens, but extensive evidence suggests that mounting immune responses can entail survival and fecundity costs. The physiological mechanisms that underpin these costs remain poorly understood, despite their potentially important role in shaping life-histories. …”
Get full text

Optimizing Pharmaceutical Inventory and Investment Strategies During Pandemics: A Dynamic Approach Integrating Environmental Emission Rates and Advanced Optimization Algorithms by Vinita Dwivedi, Mamta Keswani, Uttam Kumar Khedlekar, Lalji Kumar

“…The study addresses a complex replenishment problem involving joint pricing, environmental costs, order costs, preservation technology, and replenishment schedules for non-instantaneous deteriorating items, aiming to maximize retailer's profit. …”
Get full text

Clinical efficacy of laparoscopic cholecystectomy combined with percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage in severe acute cholecystitis: an analysis of prognostic risk factors by Lexiang Chen, Mingfu Hu, Shanhu Huang, Yi Sun

“…However, the joint group incurred higher surgical costs, total hospitalization costs, and medication costs than the LC group (P < 0.05). …”
Get full text

Condition optimization for organizing the operation of connected trains on an ongoing basis on the Trans-Siberian Railway of the Eastern operational range of the railway network by M. I. Mekhedov, E. A. Sotnikov, P. S. Kholodnyak, D. A. Kursin, N. V. Kornienko

“…It is shown that the minimization of costs is ensured by the sequential (flow) execution of these operations. …”
Get full text

CLINICAL AND ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF LACOSAMIDE IN PATIENTS WITH PARTIAL EPILEPSY by E. A. Pyadushkina, M. Yu. Frolov

“…The Model allows calculation of the direct medical costs (for the drugs and medical services) and direct non-medical costs (payment of temporary and permanent disability allowances) from the point of view of healthcare and social security system of a constituent member of the Russian Federation. …”
Get full text

Maternal and neonatal outcomes following preterm birth: a retrospective cohort study by James Li, Matthew Davis, Kara M Rood, Vanessa Perez Patel, Eric Zuk, Damien Croft, Hyagriv N Simhan

“…Background Preterm births (PTBs) and associated costs in the USA are a public health concern. This study evaluated maternal and neonatal hospital-based outcomes, resource use and costs during delivery and up to 30 days postdischarge following PTB.Methods This study was conducted in the USA among individuals who delivered at ≥23 weeks gestation (1 January 2016–30 September 2021) captured in the Premier AI Healthcare Database. …”
Get full text

Impact of COVID-19 infection on social care use in people over 50 years of age: a matched cohort study in North-West London by Jennifer K Quint, Rachel Russell, Benjamin Bray, SIMON CHEN, Alejandra Castanon, Elizabeth Adesanya, Rebecca Butfield

“…Adults with COVID-19 had over four times higher social care costs than matched comparators (£1276 per person per year (pppy) vs £276 pppy; mean difference +£1000, 95% CI £947 to £1054, p<0.0001), with most of the costs due to care home admissions. …”
Get full text