Immunological and physiological changes of exercise-released lactate on tumors: an important and new research window by Amir Hossein Ahmadi Hekmatikar, Arsham Entesari, Hossein Shirvani

“…The second perspectiveDrawing from previous research, oncology and exercise physiology researchers are striving to establish appropriate physical exercise strategies for individuals with cancer, recognizing that physical exercise is a cost-free intervention that can play a significant role in disease management (Ahmadi Hekmatikar et al., 2023; Chow et al., 2022; Depenbusch et al., 2023; Lavín-Pérez et al., 2023). …”
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Serum metabolic fingerprints encode functional biomarkers for ovarian cancer diagnosis: a large-scale cohort studyResearch in context by Wanshan Liu, Xiaoxiao Hu, Zhouzhou Bao, Yanyan Li, Juxiang Zhang, Shouzhi Yang, Yida Huang, Ruimin Wang, Jiao Wu, Xiaoyu Xu, Qi Sang, Wen Di, Huaiwu Lu, Xia Yin, Kun Qian

“…The NELDI-MS based approach offers advantages of fast analytical speed (∼30 s/sample) and low cost (∼2–3 dollars/sample), making it suitable for large-scale clinical applications. …”
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Better public housing management in Ghana by Samson Aziabah

“…Also, the research found that, in general, performance in HM may be assessed by using indicators such as: quality of maintenance, responses from staff in relation to tenant services, and access to information by tenants, which measure effectiveness; cost of maintenance per dwelling and net rent as measures of efficiency and economy; application procedures, rent levels, and support for tenants as measures of equity; and the level of participation and the frequency and ease of communication with tenants as measures of legitimacy and support for HM. …”
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multi-objective mathematical model for optimizing the collection and recycling of urban waste under conditions of uncertainty(The subject of study : Karaj city) by Mohsen Bijanpoor, Reza Ehtesham Rasi, Davood Gharakhany

“…On average, between 60 and 80 percent of urban solid waste management costs are related to waste collection and transportation costs. …”
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Project quality, regulation quality by Elena Mussinelli

“…This makes bureaucratic formalities unnecessarily complex, overloads administrative action, and increases the regulatory and management costs for citizens, businesses and the public institutions themselves, including those dedicated to monitoring and control actions (which, in a context of shrinking public resources, are often the first to be lacking…). …”
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The role of Pakistan Medical & Dental Council in steering undergraduate medical curriculum reforms in Pakistan by Gohar Wajid, Lubna Baig, Syeda Kauser Ali, Usman Mahboob, Ahsan Sethi, Rehan Ahmed Khan

“…The curriculum reform process is time and cost intensive. There is no short-term panacea to curriculum reforms. …”
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Pet Euthanasia and Human Euthanasia by Jason Chen

“…In essence, they argue that due to our rational nature, we can find meaning, draw insights, and even grow spiritually when faced with significant obstacles, whereas animals cannot have any of these goods given their limited natures.[11]  The argument of transcendence relates to well-being in the following way: Transcending our suffering amounts to attaining higher goods that result from our suffering, and attaining these higher goods means that suffering is not a net cost to our overall well-being. The transcendence claim is best understood as a challenge to proposition 2 (which is about weighing ill-being against well-being) in the case of humans. …”
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Should the Food and Drug Administration Limit Placebo-Controlled Trials? by Max Goodman, Connor Pedersen

“…A recent study has shown that nearly 90 percent of new drugs do not perform better than existing options.[13] There is an ethical cost to be considered when devoting financial resources and effort to create new drugs that are inferior to existing treatments and have not led to changes to clinical practice. …”
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Co-designing and testing the learn together guidance to support patient and family involvement in patient safety investigations: a mixed-methods study by Jane O’Hara, Lauren Ramsey, Siobhan McHugh, Joseph Langley, Justin Waring, Ruth Simms-Ellis, Gemma Louch, Jenni Murray, Carl Macrae, John Baker, Rebecca Lawton, Daisy Halligan, Olivia Rogerson, Penny Phillips, Debra Hazeldine, Sarah Seddon, Joanne Hughes, Rebecca Partridge, Katherine Ludwin, Laura Sheard

“…Background There are multiple reasons for involving patients and families in incident investigations. Fiscally, costs due to clinical negligence claims approximate £4 billion annually. …”
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Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Memengaruhi Volume Penjualan pada Perusahaan Subsektor Rokok yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia by Anju Gracya Pramudita Putri, Emma Lilianti, Panca Satria Putra

“…This study aims to test the hypothesis of the effect of promotion costs and production costs on sales volume. The population are cigarette sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. …”
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Economic impact and disease burden of COVID-19 in a tertiary care hospital: A three-year analysis. by Mari Kanerva, Kalle Rautava, Tiina Kurvinen, Harri Marttila, Taru Finnilä, Kaisu Rantakokko-Jalava, Mikko Pietilä, Pirjo Mustonen, Mika Kortelainen

“…Patient-level data, including hospitalization demographics, vaccination status, and outcomes, were collected. Billing costs, indirect costs, and operational data were obtained to assess hospital costs comprehensively.…”
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Clinical and economic assessment of using IRS®19 for the treatment and prevention of acute respiratory infections in children by A. S. Kolbin, A. R. Kasimova

“…Direct costs on the part of parents included all costs for purchasing medicines for basic or concomitant therapy. …”
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Economic outcomes of diabetes self-management education among older Medicare beneficiaries with diabetes by Gang Lv, Eric Chinaeke, Xiangxiang Jiang, Xiaomo Xiong, Jun Wu, Jing Yuan, Z. Kevin Lu

“…Economic outcomes included total medical costs, total diabetes-related medical costs, total prescription costs, and total anti-diabetic prescription costs were measured based on Medicare claims and prescription drug events data from the perspective of the Medicare system. …”
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Challenges of prefabricated housing in China by Hongjuan Wu

“…This thesis identifies three types of TCs in Chinese PH projects by their nature: due diligence costs, negotiation costs, monitoring and enforcement costs. …”
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Economic Analysis of Dairy Farms in Province of Izmir by Nursel Koyubenbe

“…Variable costs constituted 74% of the production costs. The share of feed costs in variable costs was 78%. …”
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Two-Stage Robust Optimization Model for Fresh Cold Chain considering Carbon Emissions and Uncertainty by Deqiang Qu, Zhong Wu

“…The two-stage stochastic optimization (TSSO) model was established based on the comprehensive consideration of transportation costs, time penalty costs, and carbon emission costs. …”
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CLINICAL AND ECONOMICAL RATIONALES OF CARDIOVASCULAR RISK EVALUATION AT WORKPLACE by A. V. Kontsevaya, A. M. Kalinina, Yu. M. Pozdnyakov, S. V. Belonosova, M. B. Khudyakov

“…Economical rationales for preventive screening (with estimation of the total costs, costs for one studied person and costs for revealing of one person needed in preventive actions) are also estimated.Results. …”
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Material requirements planning with a novel lot sizing method and a new algorithm for production scheduling by Seyed Mahdi Javadi, Seyed Jafar Sadjadi, Ebrahim Teimoury, Ahmad Makui

“…In each manufacturing system, if we split production costs into material, labor, and overhead costs, we will observe that over 60% of total production costs are related to material. …”
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The role of compound retrieval in modulating task-switching performance and training effects by Fangyuan Zhou, Zhongjin Tian, Xiangqian Li

“…This approach significantly reduces task-switching costs, and making switching costs no longer reflect task-set control. …”
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Could the Inflation Reduction Act Maximum Fair Price Hurt Patients? by Anne M. Sydor, Esteban Rivera, Robert Popovian

“…To offset the resulting pressure on their profit margins, it is possible that PBMs would, in turn, increase patients’ out-of-pocket costs for medicines with capped prices. The model presented here evaluates how increased out-of-pocket costs for the anticoagulants apixaban (Eliquis) and rivaroxaban (Xarelto) could impact patients financially and clinically…”
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