Direct vs. Indirect Digital Implant Impressions: A Time and Cost Analysis by Manuel António Sampaio-Fernandes, Ricardo Jorge Pinto, Paulo Rocha Almeida, Maria Margarida Sampaio-Fernandes, Duarte Nuno Silva Marques, Maria Helena Figueiral

“…Costs were evaluated based on material consumption, time expenditure and operator-related expenses. …”
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Reinforced Cost-Sensitive Graph Network for Detecting Fraud Leaders in Telecom Fraud by Peiwen Gao, Zhihua Li, Dibin Zhou, Liang Zhang

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Cost-effectiveness of a medication event monitoring system for tuberculosis management in Morocco. by Jangmi Yang, Hae-Young Kim, Seup Park, Ilham Sentissi, Nathan Green, Byung Kwon Oh, Yujin Kim, Kyung Hyun Oh, Eunseong Paek, Young Joon Park, In-Hwan Oh, Seung Heon Lee

“…The primary outcome was the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) per disability adjusted life-year (DALY) averted. …”
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The effect of COVID-19 on operating costs: The perspective of hotel managers in Antalya, Turkey by Kaplan Ugurlu, Bayram Akay, Sevda Demirel

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A nationwide analysis of geriatric proximal humerus fractures: trends, outcomes, and cost by Purvi P Patel, Teresa Cheng, Michael J Anstadt, Richard P Gonzalez, Kevin Galicia, John Kubasiak

“…This retrospective study compares annual trends, patient outcomes, and hospital costs between operatively and non-operatively managed geriatric PHF.Methods The Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Nationwide Inpatient Sample was queried from 2012 to 2015. …”
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Design and Development of a Low-cost Wireless Control Kit for Field Sprayers by Caner Koç, Hüseyin Duran, İlhan Çakmak

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Dynamic Scoring and Costing in the Orienteering Problem: A Model Based on Length of Stay by Giovano Alberto, Carles Sitompul

“…A notable aspect of this variant is the inclusion of time and cost constraints in the route determination process. …”
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Making outsourcing decisions based on activity costing and their role in achieving sustainable value by Amal Abdulhussain Kuhait, Haifa Kazem Ibrahim, Razzaq Mikhwir Dawood

“…The study came to various results in addition to identifying activity-based accounting as one of the most cutting-edge management accounting techniques, the most important of which can be linked to this ABC system with modern administrative methods that suit the modern business environment to achieve sustainable value, such as the balanced scorecard, As this integration leads to reduce unit cost, achieve quality. Achieving competitive prices. …”
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Estimation of cost-based prices for injectable medicines in the WHO Essential Medicines List by Dzintars Gotham, Melissa Joy Barber, Andrew M Hill

“…A formula was designed to use API price data to estimate a cost-based price, by adding the costs of converting API to a finished pharmaceutical product, including the cost of formulation in vials or ampoules, transportation and an average profit margin.Results For injectable formulations on the WHO EML, medicines had prices above the estimated cost-based price in 77% of comparisons in England (median ratio 2.54), and 62% in South Africa (median ratio 1.48), while 85% of medicines in India had prices below estimated cost-based price (median ratio 0.30). 19% of injectable medicines in England, 9% in South Africa, and 5% in India had prices more than 10 times the estimated cost-based price. …”
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The Cost of Youth Voices: Comparing the Feasibility of Youth GO Against Focus Groups by Sara T. Stacy, K. Malulani Castro, Ignacio D. Acevedo-Polakovich

“…We examined both conditions on implementation fidelity, implementation cost, and self-reported perceptions from adult facilitators and youth perspectives. …”
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Minimum-Cost Design of Auto-Scaling Server Farms Providing Reliability Guarantees by Jesus Perez-Valero, Pablo Serrano, Jaime Garcia-Reinoso, Albert Banchs, Xavier Costa-Perez

“…We validate our approach through extensive simulations, comparing it against classical queueing-based methods and exhaustive numerical searches: our proposal reduces costs by 22% as compared against the benchmark, with solutions that are within 3% of numerical searches at 10% of the computational complexity, offering a new scalable and cost-effective methodology for designing reliable server farms.…”
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Saving of heat energy costs while providing residents with heat and hot water by A.K. Khassenov, B.R. Nussupbekov, D.Zh. Karabekova, M. Stoev, B.K. Zeinolla, A.K. Muratova

“…Questions connected to account of heat consumption and its cost is very important these days. The considered commercial heat metering station includes a heat meter, a mass meter or a heat carrier volume, pressure and temperature sensors. …”
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Study on Analysis Methods of Power Quality Economic Cost Oriented End-users by 甄晓晨, 陶顺, 肖湘宁

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Trajectory Aware Deep Reinforcement Learning Navigation Using Multichannel Cost Maps by Tareq A. Fahmy, Omar M. Shehata, Shady A. Maged

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Low cost carriers and tourism destinations development: case study of Oporto, Portugal by Vânia Costa, Cláudia Almeida

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Comparison of The Mechanical Properties of Low-Cost Bio Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites by Sanad Abdulkareem Ismael, Samara Munaem Naeem

“…In this study, the physical, and mechanical properties of low-cost and biocomposites were evaluated. The walnut shell and date palm frond fibers were thermally treated in an oven at a temperature of 70°C and then chemically treated with NaOH and distilled water solution, after these treatments, the biocomposite materials will be thermally treated again at 50°C. …”
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How Much Does Bad Hay Cost a Beef Cattle Producer? by Matthew J. Hersom, Todd A. Thrift

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Low-cost electronic DC load module design for battery capacity evaluation by Minh Nhat Huynh, Quoc Minh Lam, Cong Toai Truong, Huy Hung Nguyen, Van Tu Duong

Subjects: “…Low-cost…”
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The definition of operating costs depending on the change of quality indicators of operation of infrastructure facilities by I. A. Chukhlomina

“…This article describes the dependence of the operating costs of the change of quality indicators of functioning infrastructure. …”
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A Method to Reduce Route Discovery Cost of UAV Ad Hoc Network by Abdullah Waqas, Muhammad Javvad ur Rehman, Hammad Dilpazir, Muhammad Farhan Sohail, Nafis Subhani

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