Volcanic Pumice Rafts at Sea: Buoyancy and Infiltration with Micro-particles by Sho Sawada, Christopher Gomez, Takashi Koi

“…Experiments were conducted in both still and slurry water conditions to examine the effects of particle size and sediment concentration on water infiltration rates. Results showed that density variations follow a two-phase pattern: a rapid initial increase (+0.43 g/cm³ and 0.3931 g/cm³ in the first 30s for small and large pumice, respectively) followed by a plateau phase (+0.022 g/cm³ and 0.0197 g/cm³ in the next 60s). …”
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Smart Grid Intrusion Detection for IEC 60870-5-104 With Feature Optimization, Privacy Protection, and Honeypot-Firewall Integration by Pedamallu Sai Mrudula, Rayappa David Amar Raj, Archana Pallakonda, Yanamala Rama Muni Reddy, K. Krishna Prakasha, V. Anandkumar

“…The experimental results demonstrate the framework’s operational capability and effectiveness for SCADA network security, achieving 99.29% accuracy, 94.8% recall and 4.1% false positive rates.…”
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Maize leaves salt-responsive genes revealed by comparative transcriptome of salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive cultivars during the seedling stage by Mingfang Ji, Sirui Xu, Zhongxian Ma, Chengnan Xiao, Jiangting Xu, Yanfang Zhu, Ronghao Cai, Chen Bo

“…The ST cultivar demonstrated superior seedling survival rates, higher relative water content, and lower electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde levels in its leaves after both 3-day and 7-day salt treatments, when compared to the SS cultivar. …”
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Whole-Genome Sequence-Based Diversity of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Strains Isolated from a Central Western Region of Mexico by Andrea Monserrat Negrete-Paz, Gerardo Vázquez-Marrufo, Adrián Rodríguez-Carlos, Bruno Rivas-Santiago, Ma. Soledad Vázquez-Garcidueñas

“…Tuberculosis remains a significant health issue in Mexico, which has one of the highest incidence rates in the Americas. This study aimed to analyze the circulating sublineages, spoligotypes, drug resistance, and transmission patterns of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> in Mexico’s Central Western region using whole-genome sequencing. …”
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Effect of transport stress on apoptosis and autophagy in goat lung cells by Yu Zhuo, Yunhai Hu, Yangshan Jin, Tian Ye, Yanzhen Yang, Ben Liu, Ben Liu, Ben Liu, Wenya Zheng, Wenya Zheng, Songlin Ding, Xue Yang, Xue Yang, Lucheng Zheng, Lucheng Zheng, Wei Hu, Wei Hu, Manxin Fang, Manxin Fang, Wanting Yi, Wenjing Xing

“…IntroductionRoad transportation exposes goats to thermal, mechanical, and microbial stressors that can compromise their welfare by triggering pulmonary apoptosis and autophagy processes associated with tissue damage and immunosuppression.MethodsTo explore potential biomarkers for transport-related welfare assessment, this study analyzed lung tissues from nine Ganxi goats (n = 9; 0 h control, 2 h/6 h transport groups) through an integrated experimental approach: TUNEL assays quantified apoptosis rates, immunohistochemistry mapped protein localization, Western blotting analyzed protein expression levels, and qPCR profiled gene expression of apoptotic regulators (Bax, Bcl-2) alongside autophagy-related markers (LC3B, p62, PINK1, Parkin).ResultsResults indicated time-dependent cellular stress patterns, where the 2 h group displayed elevated apoptosis rates, while the 6 h group exhibited upregulated Parkin expression (p &lt; 0.05) and altered regulation of apoptotic [Bcl-2-associated X-protein (Bax)/B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2)] and autophagy-related genes (Microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3B (LC3B), p62, PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1)/Parkin). …”
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Canopy‐Mediated Dynamics of Moss Communities in Primary Succession: Coupling of N2‐Fixation and Biomass Accumulation in Subalpine Forests Following Glacial Retreat by Jie Deng, Genxu Wang, Shouqin Sun, Wentian Xie, Feng Long, Zhaoyong Hu, Juying Sun, Xiangyang Sun, Thomas H. DeLuca

“…Transplantation of moss carpets from open to denser canopy stages or canopy litter additions enhanced photosynthetic rates, but suppressed N2‐fixation rates and moss growth. …”
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Experimental hut resting and entrance behaviour of Anopheles darlingi from Zungarococha, a malaria endemic community in Loreto, Northern Peruvian Amazon by Fanny Castro-Llanos, Craig A. Stoops, John P. Grieco, Karin Escobedo-Vargas, Victor Lopez-Sifuentes, Audrey Lenhart, Frederick M. Stell, Ryan T. Larson, Nicole L. Achee, Gissella M. Vásquez

“…Wild An. darlingi hourly house-entry rates were quantified using interception traps affixed to an experimental hut and indoor HLC from May to August 2015. …”
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Mycobacteria Presence and Anti-Tuberculosis Drug Resistance Profile in Düzce Region: 18 Years of Experience by Emel Akbaş, Emel Çalışkan, Cihadiye Elif Öztürk, İdris Şahin, Şükrü Öksüz, Banu Hümeyra Keskin

“…Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) and non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) growth among mycobacterial isolates collected over 18 years from patients suspected of having tuberculosis, and to evaluate the resistance rates of MTBC strains to first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs.Material and Methods: A total of 17,199 clinical specimens, sent to the Mycobacteriology Laboratory, Department of Medical Microbiology, at Düzce University Health Application and Research Centre between 2004 and 2021 for suspected tuberculosis, were retrospectively analyzed in this study. …”
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Nitrogen fertilizer reduction based on bioorganic fertilizer improves the yield and quality of fresh leaves of alpine tea in summer by Rui Shi, Ying Wang, Fangyu Zhou, Sadam Hussain, Xingyu Lei, Enxiang Chen, Cong Wang, Juan Bai, Chunmei Gong

“…The effects of annual N fertilization rates viz. control, inorganic N at 300, 600, and 900 kg N hm−2 along with sole and combined bioorganic fertilizer application at 450 kg N hm−2 on soil characteristics, yield, quality, and resistance of fresh tea leaves were studied in summer. …”
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Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistance of Bacteria Isolated from Cerebrospinal Fluid of Neurosurgical Patients in Malang, Indonesia by Tommy Alfandy NAZWAR, Bagus Ramanto SAPUTRA, Dewi RETNONINGSIH, Farhad BAL'AFIF, Donny Wisnu WARDHANA

“…Conclusions: The sensitivity rates of ceftriaxone and meropenem were found to be 0% and 100%, respectively. …”
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Sex determination and stature estimation using logistic and linear regression models: A population-specific study of tibia and Fibula in Northeastern Thais by Suthat Duangchit, Chanasorn Poodendaen, Phetcharat Phetnui, Pornpimol Tasu, Worrawit Boonthai, Nareelak Tangsrisakda, Sitthichai Iamsaard

“…Results: For sex determination, the results showed that univariate logistic regression models achieved the accuracy rates up to 87.50 %, with maximum proximal epiphyseal breadth of the tibia demonstrating highest discriminatory power. …”
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Pregnancy to postpartum: Analyzing dropouts and socioeconomic predictors of continuum of maternal healthcare in India by Pooja Singh, Sanjiv Singh, Kaushalendra Kumar Singh

“…A concerning dropout pattern was observed across all states, with even prosperous states like Chandigarh, West Bengal, Goa, Kerala, New Delhi, and Gujarat showing higher dropout rates before PNC than the national average of 38 %. …”
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Wild Ungulate Prey Size and Feeding Group Demographic Structure Affect Interactions and Per Capita Food Intake of African Pride Lions in East African Maasai Steppe by Thobias Oddo Tomeka, Bernard M. Kissui, Ifura Godfrey Ukio, Frank R. Mushi, Rudolf F. Mremi, Nathan J. Roberts, Marcel Holyoak, Guangshun Jiang

“…However, subadults increased their per capita intake rates when feeding together with both cubs and adult females. …”
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Toll-like receptor 4 promotes proliferation and apoptosis resistance in human papillomavirus–related cervical cancer cells through the Toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-κB pathwa... by Ninghong Jiang, Feng Xie, Qisang Guo, Ming-Qing Li, Jingjing Xiao, Long Sui

“…Proliferation of HeLa and Caski cells was promoted in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated groups but suppressed in short hairpin RNA–transfected groups. Apoptosis rates were lower in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated groups relative to short hairpin RNA–transfected groups. …”
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Global, regional, and national burden of sudden infant death syndrome and the impact of COVID-19: a trend and health inequality analysis based on the global burden of disease study... by Xinkuo Zheng, Meishen Liu, Xingwei Zhao, Xiuqi Xu, Wei Tao, Ling Wu, Weijia Sun, Yuhang Dong, Yalin Xi

“…Age-standardized DALY rates (ASDR; per 100,000 population) with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) were calculated for 204 countries and territories, stratified by age, location, and socio-demographic index (SDI).ResultsIn 2021, the ASDR of SIDS accounted for 44.16 (95% UI: 25.70–59.26) per 100,000 population globally, which was a 58.97% decrease from 1990. …”
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Differences found in patient characteristics of migrant tuberculosis sub-populations within low TB incidence European countries, 2014–2020 by Sarah Jackson, Barbara Hauer, Jean-Paul Guthmann, Mary O´Meara, Vinciane Sizaire, Karine Nordstrand, Anders Koch, Brit Häcker, Gerard de Vries, Jerker Jonsson, Kristina Langholz Kristensen, Wouter Arrazola de Oñate, Hanna Soini, Teresa Domaszewska

“…Compared to all patients, patients arriving from the 10 countries with the highest crude incidence rates were on average 9 years younger (median age 25 vs 34) and more often male (M:F ratio 2.6 vs. 1.8). …”
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Spectrum and epidemiology of rare diseases in a Chinese natural population of 14.31 million residents, 2012–2023 by Ming-Jia Li, Qi Li, Miao-Miao Zhao, Hanna Kim, Ruo-Qi Feng, Mo-Ning Guo, Jian-Peng heng, Jin-Kui Yang, Chang Liu

“…Age-standardized incidence rates (ASIR) were calculated per 100,000 person-years with 95% confidence intervals. …”
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Global burden of osteoarthritis among postmenopausal women in 204 countries and territories: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 by Jing Wang, Chenggang Jin, Lingling Sun, Lilu Ding, Dan Zhou, Yingjun Li, Wenfeng Xiao, Huadong Xu, Chan Ding, Jiarong Zou

“…Four subtypes of OA affecting the hip, knee, hand, and other joints among postmenopausal women were included. Age-standardised rates (ASRs) were derived with reference to the global age standard, and temporal patterns were scrutinised through estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) assessments. …”
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Six decades of global crop yield increase and cropland expansion from 1960 to 2020 by Karina Winkler, Richard Fuchs, Mark Rounsevell, Martin Herold

“…Brazil, Indonesia, Thailand, Colombia, and Malaysia), had both the highest crop yield increases and cropland expansion rates. By analysing the relationship of annual crop yield and cropland area changes, we see potential rebound effects of yield increases in tropical lowlands of low- to middle-income countries. …”
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Influence of model selection on optimal control of traffic for emissions minimisation by Khatun E Zannat, Judith Y T Wang, David P Watling

“…However, at a microscopic level (e.g. acceleration, deceleration rates, and deviations from the mean), pronounced differences became evident. …”
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