Solution of an Uncertain EPQ Model Using the Neutrosophic Differential Equation Approach by Mostafijur Rahaman, Rakibul Haque, Soheil Salahshour, Anna Sobczak, Fariba Azizzadeh, Shariful Alam, Sankar Prasad Mondal

“…Time is a very crucial factor in controlling demand patterns for certain products. In manufacturing processes, the production rate must be regulated according to the demand pattern and available stock as a part of effective lot size management policies. …”
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Characteristics of malaria vector populations and transmission before a randomised controlled trial assessing the efficacy of next-generation insecticide-treated nets in Côte d’Ivo... by Ludovic Phamien Ahoua Alou, Alphonsine Amanan Koffi, Edouard Dangbenon, Soromane Camara, Joseph Biggs, Marius Gonse Zoh, Serge Brice Assi, Colette Sih, Benoit Talbot, Manisha Ann Kulkarni, Louisa Alexandra Messenger, Natacha Protopopoff, Jackie Cook, Raphael N’Guessan

“…Plasmodium sporozoite infections were detected by qPCR to estimate infection rates. The entomological inoculation rate was calculated as the product of the mosquito biting rate and the sporozoite infection rate. …”
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Capturing Vegetation Gradients Along the West African Margin Using Terrestrial Plant Biomarkers in Marine Sediments by Nicholas A. O’Mara, Peter B. deMenocal, Kevin T. Uno, Jessica E. Tierney, Gisela Winckler, Pratigya J. Polissar

“…We determine the chain length distributions, mass accumulation rates, carbon isotope signatures (δ13C) of n‐alkanes and the mass accumulation rates of PTMEs and assess the extent to which these proxy characteristics reflect vegetation and climate patterns within source areas on adjacent land. …”
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The roles of surface processes in porphyry copper deposit preservation by B. Hadler Boggiani, T. Salles, C. Mallard, N. Atwood

“…To highlight the influence of paleo-reconstructions on exhumation rate estimates, we analyze simulated erosion rates across the Andean region using two distinct paleo-climate models and find significant spatial and temporal differences across the Central Andes. …”
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Endoscopic endonasal approaches for resection of suprasellar pituitary neuroendocrine tumors: a novel classification based on the optic chiasm and operative nuances by Xuechao Wu, Cuiping Sun, Wei Tian, Zhongyuan Bao, Hongwei Gao, Jing Wang, Xiaojie Lu, Qing Wang

“…Conclusion The classification of suprasellar PitNETs into four types based on their relationship with the optic chiasm enhances our understanding of tumor growth patterns and aids in preoperative assessment. Consequently, determining individualized surgical strategies using EEAs for suprasellar PitNETs can lead to higher resection rates and better visual outcomes.…”
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Epidemiological trends and age-period-cohort effects on periodontal diseases incidence across the BRICS from 1992 to 2021 by Xiaochan Wang, Yuting Xu, Xiangming Ma, Ruixing Nan, Yuhang Wu, Peiyu Cheng

“…Data on the total population and periodontal diseases cases, all-age incidence rate, age-standardized incidence rate, and relative change in periodontal diseases incidence from 1992 to 2021 within BRICS were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease study (GBD) 2021. …”
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Environmental Determinants of Foraging Site Revisitation by African Elephants (Loxodonta africana) by Suzanne Antoinette Jacob, Willem Frederik De Boer, Henrik Johan De Knegt, Cassander Cassijn Engelen, Michelle Henley

“…Moreover, phosphorus is the most important environmental variable influencing the revisitation rate. This study shows that analysing revisitation patterns gives valuable insight into how animals use specific sites within their home range, as the environmental covariates related to the selection of the revisitation sites differ from those related to the revisitation rate.…”
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Justifying the use of structure-forming agents to increase storability of confectionery products with the foamy structure by N. B. Kondratev, O. S. Rudenko, E. V. Kazantsev, I. A. Belova, N. A. Petrova

“…Thus, the addition of gelatin makes it possible to reduce the rate of moisture transfer by approximately 2–3 times. …”
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Performance and limitations of linkage-disequilibrium-based methods for inferring the genomic landscape of recombination and detecting hotspots: a simulation study by Raynaud, Marie, Gagnaire, Pierre-Alexandre, Galtier, Nicolas

“…False positive and false negative hotspots considerably confound fine-scale patterns of inferred recombination under a wide range of conditions, particularly when Ne is small and the mutation/recombination rate ratio is low, to the extent that maps inferred from populations sharing the same recombination landscape appear uncorrelated. …”
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A Study on Triaxial Unloading Test of Columnar-Jointed-Rock-Mass-Like Material with AW Velocity Analysis by Jianrong Xu, Hao Li, Qingxiang Meng, Weiya Xu, Mingjie He, Jiahui Yang

“…With the increase of the unloading and its rate, the volume expansion becomes more serious and the failure mode becomes more complicated. …”
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Evolving Frameworks for the Foundation and Practice of Electronic Fetal Monitoring by Mark I. Evans, David W. Britt, Shara M. Evans, Lawrence D. Devoe, Yang Pan

“…Part of EFM's poor performance with respect to these outcomes arises from a fundamental misunderstanding of the differences between screening and diagnostic tests, subjective classifications of fetal heart rate (FHR) patterns that lead to large inter-observer variability in its interpretation, failure to appreciate early stages of fetal compromise, and poor statistical modeling for its use as a screening test. …”
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CONTEMPORARY GEODYNAMICS OF THE GAROMAI ACTIVE FAULT (SAKHALIN ISLAND) by N. F. Vasilenko, A. S. Prytkov

“…In the immediate vicinity of the fault zone, multidirectional horizontal displacements occur at a rate up to 1.6 mm/yr, and uplifting of the ground surface takes place at a rate of 3.4 mm/yr. …”
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Research on Data Repair of Pile-Type Adjustable Wind Turbine Foundation Monitoring Based on FST-ATTNet by WEI Huanwei, ZHAO Jizhang, ZHENG Xiao, TAN Fang, LIU Cong

“…In the time domain, Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Units (BiGRU) capture both forward and backward dependencies within the time series, ensuring a comprehensive understanding of local sequence patterns. …”
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Arctic Climate Variability and Trends from Satellite Observations by Xuanji Wang, Jeffrey Key, Yinghui Liu, Charles Fowler, James Maslanik, Mark Tschudi

“…The annual mean surface temperature has increased at a rate of 0.34°C per decade. The decadal rates of cloud fraction trends are −3.4%, 2.3%, and 0.5% in winter, spring, and summer, respectively. …”
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Generalized Rowlins–Shellhardt equation and its application for optimization of well operation modes by Vladimir A. Tolpaev, Kurban S. Akhmedov

“…To improve the accuracy and reliability of calculations of forecast flow rates, it is necessary to take into account changes in the filtration and capacitance properties of the formation in bottom-hole zones caused by the values of reservoir pressure and depression changing over time. …”
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Experimental study on seepage characteristics model of tunnel lining based on infrared imaging by Zhijian Wu, Hua Wu, Yichen Peng, Renjie Song, Yimin Wu, Haiping Wu, Guangzheng Zhuang

“…The results show that: (1) Geometric characteristics of seepage areas for various crack types were systematically summarized, where crack patterns and their positions determine the geometric features of seepage regions; (2) Seepage areas of all crack types increase with flow rate, and different crack morphologies exhibit distinct susceptibility to flow rate at varied positions; (3) The centroid distance curve of the seepage core area derived from isothermal maps enables rapid identification of crack morphologies and their positions within the tunnel by analyzing curve patterns. …”
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Federated hierarchical MARL for zero-shot cyber defense. by Adel Alshamrani

“…It achieves a high detection rate of 94.2% for known attacks and 82.7% for zero-day exploits, while maintaining a low false positive rate of 3.8%. …”
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An Improved YOLOv5 Model for Lithographic Hotspot Detection by Mu Lin, Wenjing He, Jiale Liu, Fencheng Li, Jun Luo, Yijiang Shen

“…In this paper, we propose a hotspot detection method to improve the precision and recall rate of the fatal pinching and bridging error due to the poor printability of certain layout patterns by embedding a spatial attention mechanism into the YOLOv5 model. …”
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Brainstem catecholaminergic neurons induce torpor during fasting by orchestrating cardiovascular and thermoregulation changes by Mingxiu Cheng, Meiqi Wang, Liang Wang, Fangfang Yin, Jiayi Shen, Xin Xing, Yuyan Shi, Zhiwei Liu, Ping Wu, Wenling Gao, Yanyan Fan, Peng Cao, Cheng Zhan

“…Importantly, the heart rate decline precedes body temperature reduction, resembling patterns observed in natural torpid animals. …”
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Global, Regional and National Burden of Low Back Pain in Adolescents Aged 10–19 years, 1990–2021: A Systematic Analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 20... by Wang S, Zhang S, Li M, Chen S, Chen Y, Song Y, Zhang X

“…The estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was calculated based on the linear regression patterns of age-standardized rates and calendar years to represent the temporal trends of age-standardized rates. …”
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