Conventional and Novel Strategies for Cellulose Isolation from Nut Shells: A Review by Andrea Están, Mónica Umaña, Valeria S. Eim, Gabriela Clemente, Susana Simal

“…Therefore, it also reveals the need for further research, focusing on process scalability, cost-efficiency, and environmental impact. Advancing in these areas is essential to enable the transition of nut shells from waste to a highly valuable resource.…”
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Ecofriendly novel hydrophobic core-shell zeolite@MOF nanoadsorbent for CO2 capture by Fatemeh Bahmanzadegan, Ahad Ghaemi, Reza Norouzbeigi

“…This study synthesized a novel core–shell zeolite 13X@ZIF-8, via a two-step in situ growth method using diethanolamine (DEA) as a surface functionalizing agent to promote uniform shell formation. …”
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Assessing the Suitability of Snail-Shell Powder as a Partial Replacement of Cement in Concrete Production. by Mukundane, Ivan

“…The shells were ground by a hammer mill into fine pieces in size. …”
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Mathematical modeling of the process of nonlinear deformation of thin-walled structures by G. M. Murtazaliev, M. M. Paizulaev

“…The issues of nonlinear deformation, loss of stability of the initial equilibrium shape and post-critical behavior are considered using the example of a thin spherical shell. …”
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Removal of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Effluent Using Fixed Bed of Groundnut Shell Powder by Sunil Kumar, V. Gunasekar, V. Ponnusami

“…Removal of methylene blue from aqueous solution using a low-cost adsorbent groundnut shell powder (GNSP) was studied using fixed bed. …”
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Production and Strength Evaluation of Sandcrete Hollow Blocks Using Fine sand and Crushed Periwinkle shell by Oluwaseun Caleb AYESANMI, Olumide Elkanah AIYEWALEHINMI, Bamitale Dorcas OLUYEMI-AYIBIOWU

“…This research explores using Crushed Periwinkle Shell (CPWS) to partially replace fine sand. A 1:12 mix ratio was chosen for its cost-effectiveness and suitability for non-load bearing applications. …”
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Adsorptive removal of fluoride from water using hydroxyapatite synthesized from marine shell waste by Shantanu Singh, Gokulakrishnan Murugesan, Ramesh Vinayagam, Thivaharan Varadavenkatesan, Raja Selvaraj

“…Abstract Fluoride contamination in groundwater threatens human health and ecological systems, necessitating cost-effective and efficient remediation strategies. …”
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Characterization and modeling of kidney bean shell biochar as adsorbent for caffeine removal from aquatic environments by Bulduk İbrahim, Aşçıoğlu Çiğdem, Baydir Ayşegül Türk

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Convection in a Rapidly Rotating Spherical Shell: Newton’s Method Using Implicit Coriolis Integration by Juan Cruz Gonzalez Sembla, Camille Rambert, Fred Feudel, Laurette S. Tuckerman

“…We have implemented an implicit treatment of the Coriolis force in a rotating spherical shell driven by a radial thermal gradient. We modified the resulting timestepping code to carry out steady-state solving via Newton’s method, which has no timestepping error. …”
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Modeling the shrimp aquaculture wastewater pollutant removals by clam shell using structural equation model by N.D. Takarina, O.M. Chuan, A. Adiwibowo, M.A. Adidharma

“…At the same time, clam shell was known as a low-cost and effective pollutant adsorbent that could remove pollutant from the water. …”
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The Production of Zeolite Y Catalyst From Palm Kernel Shell for Fluid Catalytic Cracking Unit by Angela Mamudu, Moses Emetere, Felix Ishola, Dorcas Lawal

“…Exorbitant costs of fluid catalytic cracking unit (FCCU) catalysts coupled with their ever-increasing demand have led researchers to develop alternative materials from indigenous sources. …”
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Sustainable Shell Formulations as Alternative to the Conventional Soft Gelatin Capsules in Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Applications. A Review. by Francisco Javier Palomero‐Hernández, María Ángela Caballo‐González, Francisco Javier de la Mata, Sandra García‐Gallego

“…Its use, alone or in combination with other gelling agents, conditions the softgel production and modifies the properties of shell cover material, and therefore, the softgel capsules. …”
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Chemically activated carbons derived from cashew nut shells as potential electrode materials for electrochemical supercapacitors by Nattapat Chaiammart, Veeramuthu Vignesh, Myo Myo Thu, Apiluck Eiad-ua, Thandavarayan Maiyalagan, Gasidit Panomsuwan

“…Here, we present the synthesis of activated carbons from cashew nut shells via potassium hydroxide (KOH) activation at different temperatures (650, 750, and 850 °C). …”
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Effect of Pistachio Shell (Pistacia vera L.) on Quail Performance, Carcass Traits, Blood Parameters, and Gut Health by M Cetin, M Apaydin

“…ABSTRACT The increasing demand for sustainable and cost-effective poultry feeds has accelerated research into alternative sources. …”
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Numerical Model for Studying the Properties of a New Friction Damper Developed Based on the Shell with a Helical Cut by Andrii Velychkovych, Vasyl Mykhailiuk, Andriy Andrusyak

“…Friction dampers based on the effects of dry friction are attractive to engineers because of their simple design, low manufacturing and maintenance costs, and high efficiency under heavy loads. This study proposes a new damper design based on an open shell with a deformable filler, with the shell cut along a cylindrical helical line. …”
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Thermomechanical and physicochemical investigation of Raw clay bricks derived from Nomayo clay and palm shell powder lignocellulosic material by Hamka Hamka Adolphe Claudel, Olembe Roland Yves, Djomi Rolland, Ngohe Ekam Paul Salomon, Touani Chualeu Parfait, Biyeme Florent, Tchotang Theodore

“…The aim was to assess the influence of lignocellulosic palm kernel shell powder on the physical and mechanical properties of unfired clay bricks, with a view to proposing a sustainable, lightweight, low-cost construction solution. …”
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Manganese-coated granular oyster shells: a novel approach for heavy metal removal from urban stormwater runoff by Quynh Thi Phuong Tran, Trung Thanh Nguyen, Oanh Nguyen Song Dao, Chia-Yu Lin, Po-Hsun Lin

“…Fixed-bed column studies demonstrated over 90% removal efficiency for Pb(II) and Cu(II) over eight days, confirming MnOx@GOS as an effective adsorbent. With abundant oyster shell waste and a simple synthesis process, MnOx@GOS has great potential for cost-effective, large-scale use in low impact development (LID) systems such as bioretention cells and permeable pavements. …”
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Development of hazelnut shell-derived biochar to support a bifunctional MoCo electrocatalyst for HER/OER in alkaline medium by Jaime Ñanculeo, Teresa Andreu, Ignasi Sirés, Andrés Ramírez, Mara Cea, Benjamín Nahuelcura, Gerson Valenzuela, Karla Garrido-Miranda, María Eugenia González

“…Abstract Hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), the two concurrent reactions for the electrolytic production of green H2, require low-cost and sustainable electrocatalysts for their scale-up, as for example non-noble metals and carbonaceous structures with high surface area. …”
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Core-Shell Magnetic Nanocarriers: Fe3O4-Hydroxyapatite/Polysuccinimide Hybrids for Enhanced Oral Bioavailability of Fluorouracil by Zhang W, Wang Q, Zhai F, Fan X, Meng F, Shen G, Zhu Y, Cao J, Yu F

“…The system offers uniform particle size, a simple preparation process, and a cost-effective method for targeted drug delivery. …”
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Revealing the potential of functionalized FeS2 composites as efficient photocatalysts for improved removal of cationic and anionic dyes by Vahid Mohammadbeigi, Ebrahim Allahkarami, Amirreza Azadmehr

“…These findings underscore pyrite's potential as a cost-effective, efficient adsorbent for wastewater treatment, with surface functionalization offering a strategic avenue to tailor affinity for target pollutants, prioritizing adsorption over photocatalytic approaches.…”
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