A low cost magnetic biochar manufactured solely from solid wastes by one-step pyrolysis for removal of tetracycline by Xiaohui Zhao, Zi Liao, Qingrui Zhao, Mingli Yang, Dongyang Li, Ke Zhang, Xiaodan Wang, Hongpei Zhang, Binguo Zheng

“…In the present study, using peanut shell and red mud as raw materials, a low-cost magnetic biochar (MBC) was prepared via a one-step pyrolysis method, without any chemical input or wastewater discharge, for tetracycline (TC) removal from water. …”
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Development of Full-Scale Ultrathin Shell Reflector by Durmuş Türkmen, Ömer Soykasap, Şükrü Karakaya

“…It is aimed that a new ultrathin shell composite reflector is developed considering different design options to optimize the stiffness/mass ratio, cost, and manufacturing. …”
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“Russian-Cost”  as  a  “New”  russian  Method  of  Corporate  Cost  Accounting  and  Management by L.  G.  Cherednichenko, R. V.  Gubarev, E. I. Dzyuba, Yu.  V.  Tyulenev, F. S. Fayzullin

“…In the long run, the company’s management has an opportunity to take effective managerial decisions based on the objective evaluation of each division’s “contribution” to financial results of the enterprise performance. “Russian-cost” is, first of all, an information and management shell, within which entrepreneurial plans and specified (for example, by the owner) parameters of the enterprise functioning can be implemented, i.e., it is a tool, ideology which inter alia can be used as a basis to build an automated management system.…”
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Crab shell polypeptides enhance calcium dynamics and osteogenic activity in osteoporosis by Xiaolei Dong, Xiaolei Dong, Guangmin Zhang, Chong Sun, Hui Zhang, Jinmeng Zhen, Xinlei Li, Xiaohui Xu, Jiane Liu, Xiangzhong Zhao, Yiming Zhang, Linlin Liu, Shaoqi Tian, Daijie Wang, Zheng Wang, Zheng Wang, Bing Li

“…Current pharmacological interventions are limited by adverse effects, high costs, and insufficient long-term efficacy. Here, we identify snow crab shell-derived polypeptides (SCSP) as a potent osteoprotective agent.MethodsSCSP were extracted and characterized. …”
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Ecofriendly novel hydrophobic core-shell zeolite@MOF nanoadsorbent for CO2 capture by Fatemeh Bahmanzadegan, Ahad Ghaemi, Reza Norouzbeigi

“…This study synthesized a novel core–shell zeolite 13X@ZIF-8, via a two-step in situ growth method using diethanolamine (DEA) as a surface functionalizing agent to promote uniform shell formation. …”
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Assessing the Suitability of Snail-Shell Powder as a Partial Replacement of Cement in Concrete Production. by Mukundane, Ivan

“…The shells were ground by a hammer mill into fine pieces in size. …”
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Production and Strength Evaluation of Sandcrete Hollow Blocks Using Fine sand and Crushed Periwinkle shell by Oluwaseun Caleb AYESANMI, Olumide Elkanah AIYEWALEHINMI, Bamitale Dorcas OLUYEMI-AYIBIOWU

“…This research explores using Crushed Periwinkle Shell (CPWS) to partially replace fine sand. A 1:12 mix ratio was chosen for its cost-effectiveness and suitability for non-load bearing applications. …”
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Adsorptive removal of fluoride from water using hydroxyapatite synthesized from marine shell waste by Shantanu Singh, Gokulakrishnan Murugesan, Ramesh Vinayagam, Thivaharan Varadavenkatesan, Raja Selvaraj

“…Abstract Fluoride contamination in groundwater threatens human health and ecological systems, necessitating cost-effective and efficient remediation strategies. …”
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Modeling the shrimp aquaculture wastewater pollutant removals by clam shell using structural equation model by N.D. Takarina, O.M. Chuan, A. Adiwibowo, M.A. Adidharma

“…At the same time, clam shell was known as a low-cost and effective pollutant adsorbent that could remove pollutant from the water. …”
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Sustainable Shell Formulations as Alternative to the Conventional Soft Gelatin Capsules in Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Applications. A Review. by Francisco Javier Palomero‐Hernández, María Ángela Caballo‐González, Francisco Javier de la Mata, Sandra García‐Gallego

“…Its use, alone or in combination with other gelling agents, conditions the softgel production and modifies the properties of shell cover material, and therefore, the softgel capsules. …”
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Thermomechanical and physicochemical investigation of Raw clay bricks derived from Nomayo clay and palm shell powder lignocellulosic material by Hamka Hamka Adolphe Claudel, Olembe Roland Yves, Djomi Rolland, Ngohe Ekam Paul Salomon, Touani Chualeu Parfait, Biyeme Florent, Tchotang Theodore

“…The aim was to assess the influence of lignocellulosic palm kernel shell powder on the physical and mechanical properties of unfired clay bricks, with a view to proposing a sustainable, lightweight, low-cost construction solution. …”
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Manganese-coated granular oyster shells: a novel approach for heavy metal removal from urban stormwater runoff by Quynh Thi Phuong Tran, Trung Thanh Nguyen, Oanh Nguyen Song Dao, Chia-Yu Lin, Po-Hsun Lin

“…Fixed-bed column studies demonstrated over 90% removal efficiency for Pb(II) and Cu(II) over eight days, confirming MnOx@GOS as an effective adsorbent. With abundant oyster shell waste and a simple synthesis process, MnOx@GOS has great potential for cost-effective, large-scale use in low impact development (LID) systems such as bioretention cells and permeable pavements. …”
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Development of hazelnut shell-derived biochar to support a bifunctional MoCo electrocatalyst for HER/OER in alkaline medium by Jaime Ñanculeo, Teresa Andreu, Ignasi Sirés, Andrés Ramírez, Mara Cea, Benjamín Nahuelcura, Gerson Valenzuela, Karla Garrido-Miranda, María Eugenia González

“…Abstract Hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), the two concurrent reactions for the electrolytic production of green H2, require low-cost and sustainable electrocatalysts for their scale-up, as for example non-noble metals and carbonaceous structures with high surface area. …”
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Revealing the potential of functionalized FeS2 composites as efficient photocatalysts for improved removal of cationic and anionic dyes by Vahid Mohammadbeigi, Ebrahim Allahkarami, Amirreza Azadmehr

“…These findings underscore pyrite's potential as a cost-effective, efficient adsorbent for wastewater treatment, with surface functionalization offering a strategic avenue to tailor affinity for target pollutants, prioritizing adsorption over photocatalytic approaches.…”
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Development and performance evaluation of a solar powered groundnut sheller by Vinod Choudhary, Gajendra Singh, Rajendra Machavaram

“…A solar powered groundnut sheller was developed and evaluated for shelling the groundnut pods with diminished environmental pollution and cost of shelling. …”
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Immobilisation and bioavailability of toxic metals in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) cultivated in contaminated soil amended with peanut and sheanut shells biochar by Abudu Ballu Duwiejuah, Abdul-Halim Abubakari, Albert Kojo Quainoo

“…Abstract Low-cost and eco-friendly techniques are required to restore or reclaim metal contaminated land or industry areas. …”
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Effective removal of dyes from aqueous systems by waste-derived carbon adsorbent: physicochemical characterization and adsorption studies by Ali Ender Kuyucu, Ahmet Selçuk, Yunus Önal, İhsan Alacabey, Kadir Erol

“…Abstract Due to their cost-effectiveness and high surface area, activated carbons are commonly used for the adsorption of dyes from aqueous solutions. …”
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Fabrication of hydrogel mini-capsules as carrier systems [version 3; peer review: 1 approved, 4 approved with reservations] by Gaia Petrucci, Stefano Palagi, Elisa Roberti, Francesco Bianciardi

“…In this study, we present a cost-effective method for fabricating core-shell structures without the use of organic solvents, surfactants, or extreme pH conditions. …”
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Construction of Hierarchical CuCo2O4-Ni(OH)2 Core-Shell Nanowire Arrays for High-Performance Pseudocapacitors by Ilham Azmy*, Jun Wang

“…The hierarchical CuCo2O4-Ni(OH)2 core-shell nanowire arrays on Ni foam were fabricated using facile and cost-effective two-step hydrothermal synthesis. …”
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Attapulgite/oyster shell composite reduces cadmium and lead bioavailability in acidic agricultural soils through synergistic adsorption and pH regulation by Hongyan Zhu, Yangping Wen, Qingyin Shang, Xinyu Chen, Yuzhen Huang, Peiyue Liu, Chengcheng Wang, Xiuxia Yang

“…This study presents the development of a cost-effective dual-functional adsorbent, the attapulgite-oyster shell (ATP–OS) composite, engineered for the simultaneous removal of co-contaminated Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions. …”
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