Sustainable Shell Formulations as Alternative to the Conventional Soft Gelatin Capsules in Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Applications. A Review. by Francisco Javier Palomero‐Hernández, María Ángela Caballo‐González, Francisco Javier de la Mata, Sandra García‐Gallego

“…Its use, alone or in combination with other gelling agents, conditions the softgel production and modifies the properties of shell cover material, and therefore, the softgel capsules. …”
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Chemically activated carbons derived from cashew nut shells as potential electrode materials for electrochemical supercapacitors by Nattapat Chaiammart, Veeramuthu Vignesh, Myo Myo Thu, Apiluck Eiad-ua, Thandavarayan Maiyalagan, Gasidit Panomsuwan

“…Here, we present the synthesis of activated carbons from cashew nut shells via potassium hydroxide (KOH) activation at different temperatures (650, 750, and 850 °C). …”
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Preliminary Study on the Total Carbon, Organic Carbon Content, and Degradation Rates of Shells in Filter-Feeding Shellfish by Duyu CHEN, Jihong ZHANG, Wei SUN, Yi LIU, Wenguang WU, Xue GONG, Bing LI

“…Filter-feeding shellfish not only achieve long-term carbon sequestration through shell calcification but also significantly impact the marine carbon cycle through their physiological activities and post-mortem degradation processes. …”
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Effect of Pistachio Shell (Pistacia vera L.) on Quail Performance, Carcass Traits, Blood Parameters, and Gut Health by M Cetin, M Apaydin

“…ABSTRACT The increasing demand for sustainable and cost-effective poultry feeds has accelerated research into alternative sources. …”
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Numerical Model for Studying the Properties of a New Friction Damper Developed Based on the Shell with a Helical Cut by Andrii Velychkovych, Vasyl Mykhailiuk, Andriy Andrusyak

“…Friction dampers based on the effects of dry friction are attractive to engineers because of their simple design, low manufacturing and maintenance costs, and high efficiency under heavy loads. This study proposes a new damper design based on an open shell with a deformable filler, with the shell cut along a cylindrical helical line. …”
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Thermomechanical and physicochemical investigation of Raw clay bricks derived from Nomayo clay and palm shell powder lignocellulosic material by Hamka Hamka Adolphe Claudel, Olembe Roland Yves, Djomi Rolland, Ngohe Ekam Paul Salomon, Touani Chualeu Parfait, Biyeme Florent, Tchotang Theodore

“…The aim was to assess the influence of lignocellulosic palm kernel shell powder on the physical and mechanical properties of unfired clay bricks, with a view to proposing a sustainable, lightweight, low-cost construction solution. …”
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Manganese-coated granular oyster shells: a novel approach for heavy metal removal from urban stormwater runoff by Quynh Thi Phuong Tran, Trung Thanh Nguyen, Oanh Nguyen Song Dao, Chia-Yu Lin, Po-Hsun Lin

“…Fixed-bed column studies demonstrated over 90% removal efficiency for Pb(II) and Cu(II) over eight days, confirming MnOx@GOS as an effective adsorbent. With abundant oyster shell waste and a simple synthesis process, MnOx@GOS has great potential for cost-effective, large-scale use in low impact development (LID) systems such as bioretention cells and permeable pavements. …”
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Development of hazelnut shell-derived biochar to support a bifunctional MoCo electrocatalyst for HER/OER in alkaline medium by Jaime Ñanculeo, Teresa Andreu, Ignasi Sirés, Andrés Ramírez, Mara Cea, Benjamín Nahuelcura, Gerson Valenzuela, Karla Garrido-Miranda, María Eugenia González

“…Abstract Hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), the two concurrent reactions for the electrolytic production of green H2, require low-cost and sustainable electrocatalysts for their scale-up, as for example non-noble metals and carbonaceous structures with high surface area. …”
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Core-Shell Magnetic Nanocarriers: Fe3O4-Hydroxyapatite/Polysuccinimide Hybrids for Enhanced Oral Bioavailability of Fluorouracil by Zhang W, Wang Q, Zhai F, Fan X, Meng F, Shen G, Zhu Y, Cao J, Yu F

“…The system offers uniform particle size, a simple preparation process, and a cost-effective method for targeted drug delivery. …”
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Revealing the potential of functionalized FeS2 composites as efficient photocatalysts for improved removal of cationic and anionic dyes by Vahid Mohammadbeigi, Ebrahim Allahkarami, Amirreza Azadmehr

“…These findings underscore pyrite's potential as a cost-effective, efficient adsorbent for wastewater treatment, with surface functionalization offering a strategic avenue to tailor affinity for target pollutants, prioritizing adsorption over photocatalytic approaches.…”
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Development and performance evaluation of a solar powered groundnut sheller by Vinod Choudhary, Gajendra Singh, Rajendra Machavaram

“…A solar powered groundnut sheller was developed and evaluated for shelling the groundnut pods with diminished environmental pollution and cost of shelling. …”
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Immobilisation and bioavailability of toxic metals in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) cultivated in contaminated soil amended with peanut and sheanut shells biochar by Abudu Ballu Duwiejuah, Abdul-Halim Abubakari, Albert Kojo Quainoo

“…Abstract Low-cost and eco-friendly techniques are required to restore or reclaim metal contaminated land or industry areas. …”
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Effective removal of dyes from aqueous systems by waste-derived carbon adsorbent: physicochemical characterization and adsorption studies by Ali Ender Kuyucu, Ahmet Selçuk, Yunus Önal, İhsan Alacabey, Kadir Erol

“…Abstract Due to their cost-effectiveness and high surface area, activated carbons are commonly used for the adsorption of dyes from aqueous solutions. …”
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Fabrication of hydrogel mini-capsules as carrier systems [version 3; peer review: 1 approved, 4 approved with reservations] by Gaia Petrucci, Stefano Palagi, Elisa Roberti, Francesco Bianciardi

“…In this study, we present a cost-effective method for fabricating core-shell structures without the use of organic solvents, surfactants, or extreme pH conditions. …”
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Construction of Hierarchical CuCo2O4-Ni(OH)2 Core-Shell Nanowire Arrays for High-Performance Pseudocapacitors by Ilham Azmy*, Jun Wang

“…The hierarchical CuCo2O4-Ni(OH)2 core-shell nanowire arrays on Ni foam were fabricated using facile and cost-effective two-step hydrothermal synthesis. …”
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Attapulgite/oyster shell composite reduces cadmium and lead bioavailability in acidic agricultural soils through synergistic adsorption and pH regulation by Hongyan Zhu, Yangping Wen, Qingyin Shang, Xinyu Chen, Yuzhen Huang, Peiyue Liu, Chengcheng Wang, Xiuxia Yang

“…This study presents the development of a cost-effective dual-functional adsorbent, the attapulgite-oyster shell (ATP–OS) composite, engineered for the simultaneous removal of co-contaminated Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions. …”
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Insights into Stability and Selective Agglomeration in Binary Mixtures of Colloids: A Study on Gold Nanoparticles and Ultra-Small Quantum Dots by Azita Rezvani, Alexander Kichigin, Benjamin Apeleo Zubiri, Erdmann Spiecker, Doris Segets

“…Building on these insights, we applied selective agglomeration to separate a complex colloidal system consisting of InP/ZnS core–shell QDs and ZnS byproducts, a critical challenge in QD synthesis that is particularly relevant for post-processing of samples that originate from large-scale flow synthesis. …”
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Analytical justifications of constructive parameters of bionic colters for vertical soil treatment by E. Aliiev, H. Tesliuk

“…Bionic coulters imitate natural forms and functions, which help reduce energy costs for soil tillage. The aim of the research was to justify the design and structural parameters of turbo discs (coulters) for vertical tillage based on the principles of bionic reverse engineering. …”
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Sustainable development of chitosan-gelatin composite films for food packaging using crude chitosan extracted from American lobster (Homarus americanus) shell waste by Abhinav Jain, Beth Mason, Marianne Su-Ling Brooks

“…In particular, the applicability of crude chitosan extracted from waste lobster shells (without additional purification steps) as a cost-effective and sustainable feedstock is highlighted, offering an eco-friendly alternative to conventional plastic food packaging.…”
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Electrochemically Engineered Mesoporous Sn-Oxide Rods for Anode Materials in Lithium-Ion Batteries by Woo-Jin Lee, Yu-Jeong Min, Heon-Cheol Shin

“…Electrochemical characterization revealed that the core-shell anode performance for LIBs varied with the Sn-oxide shell’s microstructure. …”
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