V(D)J Recombination Excision Circles of B- and T-cells as Prognostic Marker in B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia by IV Obraztsov, MA Gordukova, NA Severina, BV Biderman, SYu Smirnova, AB Sudarikov, EA Nikitin, AG Rumyantsev

“…KREC levels were signifi cantly (p < 0.001) lower in CLL patients vs. the reference group. TREC levels were lower in groups with unmutated status of immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region genes (p < 0.05) and 11q deletions (p < 0.1). …”
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3D anthropometry of the nasolabial region in children aged 3 to 9 months as reference database for clinical assessment by Manuel Olmos, Joy Backhaus, Manuel Weber, Ragai Matta, Christoph Vogl, Katja Schulz, Sandra Beyer, Linus Winter, Anne Schützenberger, Marco Kesting, Rainer Lutz

“…To our knowledge, this work establishes the first baseline and reference group for the nasolabial region in children aged 3 to 9 months without cleft lip or palate. …”
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Heterogeneity in BMI Percentile and Weight Status Among Asian American Youth by Darcy M. Van Deventer, BS, Margo A. Sidell, SCD, Catherine Lee, PhD, Deborah R. Young, PhD, Monique M. Hedderson, PhD, Deborah A. Cohen, MD, MPH, Emily F. Liu, MPH, Lee J. Barton, MS, Galina Inzhakova, MPH, Bing Han, PhD

“…Asian American subgroups included East, South, Southeast, and unidentified. Whites were the reference group. Study outcomes included age- and sex-specific BMI percentile and body weight status category (underweight, overweight or obesity, obesity). …”
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Telomere length of various blood and bone marrow cells in patients with aplastic anemia by A. V. Luchkin, E. A. Mikhailova, I. V. Galtseva, Z. T. Fidarova, A. V. Abramova, Yu. O. Davydova, N. M. Kapranov, K. A. Nikiforova, S. M. Kulikov, E. N. Parovichnikova

“…The group of patients with aplastic anemia was investigated (n = 45). blood donors (n = 32) and bone marrow donors (n = 10) of different ages were included in the reference group. adult patients with dyskeratosis congenita (n = 5) were included in the comparison group. …”
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Culturally adapted developmental outcome measure for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children: study protocol for the validation of the ASQ-STEPS by Patricia Eadie, Anita D’Aprano, Francesca Lami, Dan Cloney, Samantha Simpson, Cassie Boyle, Leah Lindrea-Morrison, Raelene Brunette, Emma Stubbs, Cuc Nguyen, Isabel Brookes

“…This study aims to examine the reliability, validity, fidelity and acceptability of the ASQ-STEPS when used with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children.Methods and analysis This study uses a participatory approach, establishing an Indigenous Reference Group (IRG) and partnering with Aboriginal Community Controlled and government organisations. …”
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Aging and liver health: liver chemistries and associated factors in community-dwelling older adults by Farah Safdar Husain, Siew Ling Tey, Dieu Thi Thu Huynh, Jeffery Oliver, Geraldine Baggs, Choon How How, Wai Leng Chow, Magdalin Cheong, Tar Choon Aw, Samuel Teong Huang Chew, Ngiap Chuan Tan

“…Methods This cross-sectional study included 400 older adults aged ≥ 65 years with normal nutritional status and who took part as a non-randomized reference group in the Strengthening Health In ELDerly through nutrition (SHIELD) study. …”
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Diet quality and its relationship with iodine status in pregnant women living in a Brazilian region where table salt is iodine-fortified according to public health policies by Annie Schtscherbyna, Débora Ayres Saraiva, Nathalie Silva de Morais, Carolina Martins Corcino, Tatiana Martins Benvenuto Louro Berbara, Mario Vaisman, Paula Martins Horta, Patrícia de Fátima dos Santos Teixeira

“…The association between DQ and the IS was evaluated, considering an adequate UIC (150-249 μg/L) as the reference group (RG). Results: The median total score for the HEI-2015 was 45.8 points, which was slightly better (48.1 points) in the insufficient UIC (UIC <150-249 μg/L) than in the RG (41.3 points). …”
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ROLE OF SERUM EOSINOPHILIC CATIONIC PROTEIN AND TRYPTASE IN MYELOPROLIFERATIVE AND LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDERS by L. S. Komarova, N. B. Mikhaylova, I. I. Nesterovich, Ye. Ye. Zueva, B. V. Afanasyev, Areg A. Totolian

“…Eighteen patients with bronchial asthma (BA), and eight cases of solid tumors comprised a reference group for polyclonal eosinophilia. The levels of ECP and tryptase were measured in blood serum using a commercial fluoroimmunoenzyme assay («Pharmacia», Uppsala, Sweden). …”
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Smoking Cessation Strategies for Different Types of Cigarette Users Using a Digital Peer–Supported App and Nicotine Aids: Prospective Study by Shota Yoshihara, Kayoko Takahashi, Chiaki Uemura, Shin Murakami, Daichi Harada, Ying Jiang, Hiroshi Yamato

“…Logistic regression analysis was conducted to compare cessation success rates, with cigarette-only smokers being the reference group (odds ratios [ORs] and 95% CIs). …”
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The Effect of Perinatal Hypoxia on Red Blood Cell Morphology in Newborns by S. A. Perepelitsa, V. A. Sergunova, O. E. Gudkova

“…To obtain images of normal red blood cells in the field of the atomic force microscope (AFM), 14 full-term newborns delivered after a favorable course of pregnancy and normal term labor were enrolled in a reference group. Results. Discocytes and planocytes comprised 36% of the total red blood cell count in the residual umbilical cord blood of newborns with a history of perinatal hypoxia; there was a decreased amount of normal RBC forms, thus demonstrating an unfavorable effect of hypoxia on newborn's RBC membrane. …”
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Adverse Perinatal Outcomes at Advanced Pregnancy Ages: A Single Center Study by Osman Samet Gunkaya, Seher Koyuncu Aydın

“…Gestational hypertension (GHT) (adjusted odds ratio (adjOR): 6.710, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 2.755–16.343, p = < 0.001), oligohydramnios (adjOR: 2.145, 95% CI: 1.056–4.356, p = 0.035), macrosomia (adjOR: 5.459, 95% CI: 1.164–25.609, p = 0.031), and postpartum hemorrhage (adjOR: 5.139, 95% CI: 1.021–25.872, p = 0.047) are more common in women aged ≥40 years compared to both the reference group and the <35 age group. …”
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Development of methodological approaches to the formation of a risk-based model to minimize the prevalence of adverse reactions in drug application in medical organizations of Mosc... by E. V. Kuznetsova, M. V. Zhuravleva, I. A. Mikhailov, T. I. Kurnosova

“…A list of antibacterial drugs by international nonproprietary name (INN) with 4 or more ARs reports was selected as a reference group to perform various types of statistical analysis. …”
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PECULIARITIES OF INTERCELLULAR SUBSTANCE METABOLISM OF PATIENTS WITH OSTEOARTHRITIS AND CONNECTIVE TISSUE DYSPLASIA by A. V. Tyurin, R. A. Davletshin, R. R. Farkhutdinov, R. M. Zaripova, T. R. Davletshin

“…Exclusion criteria: injury of the lower extremities in medical history, systemic connective tissue diseases, ovariectomy, prolonged (over 6 months) intake of glucocorticoid hormones. 50 almost healthy women were included into the reference group. Study of clinical phenomena of the CTD of patients with OA was performed, as well as the study of levels of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in the blood serum.Results. …”
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Dynapenic abdominal obesity and the risks of heart disease and all-cause mortality: a 7-year longitudinal study among middle-aged and older Chinese adults by Lichao Lin, Yan Xue, Daoxin Huang, Yixiao Su, Huizhen Yu, Pengli Zhu

“…The DAO group (HR = 1.84, 95% CI: 1.45–2.33) and D/NAO group (HR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.35–1.86) had significantly higher all-cause mortality risk compared to the reference group. Subgroup analyses found no significant interactions by age or sex. …”
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Perinatal factors and early neonatal outcomes of abnormal birthweight infants in Hangzhou, China, 2015–2021: a retrospective cohort study by Yan Jiang, Yiming Chen, Yanan Wang, Huimin Zhang, Lingling Huang, Wenwen Ning, Xuelian Chu

“…Background This study aimed to investigate the perinatal factors and early neonatal outcomes of abnormal birth weight (ABW) in Hangzhou, China from 2015 to 2021.Methods A retrospective cohort study was designed to analyse the data of 76 847 newborns, in which the case groups included 3042 cases of low birth weight (LBW) and 2941 cases of fetal macrosomia (MAC), and 70 864 cases of normal weight were as the reference group.Results The incidence of LBW and MAC was 3.96% and 3.83% in Hangzhou, China from 2015 to 2021. …”
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Associations of four indexes of social determinants of health and two community typologies with new onset type 2 diabetes across a diverse geography in Pennsylvania. by Brian S Schwartz, Marynia Kolak, Jonathan S Pollak, Melissa N Poulsen, Karen Bandeen-Roche, Katherine A Moon, Joseph DeWalle, Karen R Siegel, Carla I Mercado, Giuseppina Imperatore, Annemarie G Hirsch

“…Compared to rural affordable-like as the reference group, residence in tracts categorized as extreme poverty (odds ratio [95% confidence interval] = 1.11 [1.02, 1.21]) or multilingual working (1.07 [1.03, 1.23]) were associated with higher odds of new onset T2D. …”
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Plasma Cardiac Troponin-I Concentration in Normal Horses and in Horses with Cardiac Abnormalities by Jonathan H. Foreman, Brett S. Tennent-Brown, Mark A. Oyama, D. David Sisson

“…A second group of normal adult ponies (n = 12) was studied as a reference group. Heparinized jugular venous blood samples were collected and centrifuged within 30 min, and the plasma was separated and frozen at −70 °C for subsequent batched cTnI analysis. …”
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Scoping review of social norms interventions to reduce violence and improve SRHR outcomes among adolescents and young people in sub-Saharan Africa by Luciana Leite, Rachel Yates, Gaia Chiti Strigelli, Jenny Yi-Chen Han, Jenny Chen-Charles, Jenny Chen-Charles, Maria Rotaru, Elona Toska, Elona Toska

“…Effective programmes were often implemented in combined interventions, and included life skills, community conversations, mass media and digital programmes with norms components.DiscussionIntegrating gender-transformative approaches such as reflections on gender roles and inequalities, youth sexuality, and gendered power relations, and engaging with reference groups were key to the success of programmes. …”
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Global, regional, and national trends in the epidemiology of aortic aneurysms among women of childbearing age, 1990–2021, with predictions through 2036 by Wei Wang, Yong Shi, Xinyao Li, Tianxiang Gu, Enyi Shi

“…Using the average age, period, and cohort as reference groups, the risk of AA death increased with age [RR age (15−19) = 0.026 to RR age (45−49) = 0.384]. …”
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Effect of Perftoran on Membrane Nanostructure of Discocyte and Stomatocyte after Acute Blood Loss by V. V. Moroz, I. S. Novoderzhkina, A. V. Afanasyev, Yu. V. Zarzhetsky, I. A. Ryzhkov, E. K. Kozlova, A. M. Chernysh

“…Animals who did not receive Perftoran served as a reference group. The RBC membrane structure was studied using the Femtoscan atomic force microscope at ranges with different spatial periods. …”
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