Scoping review of social norms interventions to reduce violence and improve SRHR outcomes among adolescents and young people in sub-Saharan Africa by Luciana Leite, Rachel Yates, Gaia Chiti Strigelli, Jenny Yi-Chen Han, Jenny Chen-Charles, Jenny Chen-Charles, Maria Rotaru, Elona Toska, Elona Toska

“…Effective programmes were often implemented in combined interventions, and included life skills, community conversations, mass media and digital programmes with norms components.DiscussionIntegrating gender-transformative approaches such as reflections on gender roles and inequalities, youth sexuality, and gendered power relations, and engaging with reference groups were key to the success of programmes. …”
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Global, regional, and national trends in the epidemiology of aortic aneurysms among women of childbearing age, 1990–2021, with predictions through 2036 by Wei Wang, Yong Shi, Xinyao Li, Tianxiang Gu, Enyi Shi

“…Using the average age, period, and cohort as reference groups, the risk of AA death increased with age [RR age (15−19) = 0.026 to RR age (45−49) = 0.384]. …”
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Effect of Perftoran on Membrane Nanostructure of Discocyte and Stomatocyte after Acute Blood Loss by V. V. Moroz, I. S. Novoderzhkina, A. V. Afanasyev, Yu. V. Zarzhetsky, I. A. Ryzhkov, E. K. Kozlova, A. M. Chernysh

“…Animals who did not receive Perftoran served as a reference group. The RBC membrane structure was studied using the Femtoscan atomic force microscope at ranges with different spatial periods. …”
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Hospitalizations for bleeding associated with apixaban versus rivaroxaban according to dose in Medicare beneficiaries by Luke S. Vest, Seo H. Baik, Fitsum Baye, Kin-Wah Fung, Clement J. McDonald

“…Results: Among the population studied, 1,022,170 (53 %) filled a prescription for apixaban 5 mg during the study period, followed by rivaroxaban 20 mg (27 %) and rivaroxaban 10 mg (11 %). Compared to the reference group of apixaban 5 mg, combination prescriptions for rivaroxaban 15–20 mg were associated with more than twice the risk of hospitalization due to GI bleeding (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.41, 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 2.15–2.70) and other bleeding (HR = 2.42, 95 % CI: 1.92–3.05) and were associated with a 51 % higher risk of hospitalization due to intracranial bleeding (HR = 1.51, 95 % CI: 1.15–1.98). …”
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The relationship between inflammation, osteoporosis, and sleep disturbances: a cross-sectional analysis by Peng Gu, Xiyan Zhao, Zheng Zhang, Bao Zhang, Ying Du, Yanqing Jia, Hao Tang, Yi Wang, Tianlin Wen, Zhiwei Jia, Yaohong Wu

“…Notably, sex (with males as the reference group) moderated the relationship between inflammatory markers and sleep disturbances, demonstrating an adjusted effect size of − 0.430 for NLR (interaction p value = 0.008) and − 0.163 for CRP (interaction p value = 0.012). …”
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The relationship between the triglyceride-glucose index and lung function in healthy individuals: a cross-sectional study of 89,809 participants from Kangbuk Samsung health study by Hyun-Il Gil, Sungwon Lim, Min-Jung Kwon, Soo-Youn Ham, Jonghoo Lee, Jae-Uk Song

“…We calculated adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for lung function impairment, using the lowest TyG quartile as the reference group. Results Mean TyG index was 8.34 ± 0.57. …”
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Phenylcarboxylic Acids in The Assessment of The Severity of Patient Condition and The Efficiency of Intensive Treatment in Critical Care Medicine by V. V. Moroz, N. V. Beloborodova, A. A. Osipov, A. V. Vlasenko, A. Yu. Bedova, A. K. Pautova

“…PhCA concentrations were determined by gas chromatography. The reference group included healthy blood donors (n=25).Results. …”
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Epidemiology and risk factors related to severity of clinical manifestations of COVID-19 in outpatients: A retrospective study in Haiti. by Mentor Ali Ber Lucien, Katilla Pierre, Gladzdin Jean-Denis, Jonas Rigodon, Caitlin M Worrell, Alexia Couture, Aspen Flynn, Mauricio Cerpa Calderon, Luis Felipe Codina, Andrea S Vicari, Samson Marseille, Koama T Jean Baptiste, Bernadette Fouche, Gerard Joseph, Ito Journel, Kenold Rendel, Yoran Grant-Greene, Nadia P Jean-Charles, Donald Lafontant, Senou Amouzou, Wilnique Pierre, Marie Greta Roy Clement, Stanley Juin, Jacques Boncy, Patrick Dely

“…The odds of having moderate-to-severe disease increased with age but was also seen among children aged 0-4 years (OR: 1.73, 95% CI (0.93, 3.08)), when using 30-39 years old as the reference group. All of the older age groups, 50-64 years, 65-74 years, 75-84 years, and 85+ years, had significantly higher odds of having moderate-to-severe COVID-19 compared with ages 30-39 years. …”
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Prognostic value of triglyceride-glucose index combined with stress hyperglycemia ratio for all-cause mortality in critically ill patients with stroke by Tengli Li, Zhiheng Yi, Yangshen Huang, Yuhan Tan, Shan Gao, Tingting Wang, Shaowei Guo

“…Fully adjusted Cox proportional hazards models showed that compared to the reference group (TyG < 8.72 and SHR < 0.86), patients with TyG ≥ 8.72 and SHR ≥ 1.18 had the highest mortality risk (30-day HR 2.481, 95% CI 1.767–3.485; 365-day HR 1.954, 95% CI 1.532–2.493). …”
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Trait Mindfulness, Resilience, Self-Efficacy, and Postpartum Depression: A Dominance Analysis and Serial-Multiple Mediation Model by Mei X, Mei R, Li Y, Yang F, Liang M, Chen Q, Ye Z

“…Similar significant mediation effects were observed for moderate (resilience: B=− 0.126, 95% CI − 0 .169 to − 0.065, self-efficacy: B=− 0.041, 95% CI − 0.078 to − 0.010, resilience and self-efficacy: B=− 0.053, 95% CI − 0.090 to − 0.023) and high trait mindfulness profiles (resilience: B=− 0.381, 95% CI − 0.514 to − 0.267, self-efficacy: B=− 0.082, 95% CI − 0.139 to − 0.033, resilience and self-efficacy: B=− 0.160, 95% CI − 0.237 to − 0.089) when compared to the mild reference group.Conclusion: Trait mindfulness significantly impacts postpartum depression and exhibits heterogeneity among postpartum women. …”
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Developing a best-practice guide to support care for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples living with cognitive impairment and dementia: Prioritising inclusivity, consensu... by Jo-anne Hughson, Mary Belfrage, Harold Douglas, Dawn Bessarab, Venessa Curnow, Roslyn Malay, Dallas McKeown, Robyn Smith, Dina LoGiudice

“…Adopting research approaches characterised by inclusivity and collaboration, guide development included: (i) a planning phase with stakeholders; (ii) literature review; (iii) a draft development phase; (iv) a modified Delphi (e-Delphi) process; (v) in-depth cultural review by the project's Indigenous Reference Group and health service staff; (vi) and final clinical review. …”
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Prognostic value of myocardial bridging versus non-obstructive CAD: a long-term follow-up study by Zengfa Huang, Beibei Cao, Yang Yang, Yi Ding, Xinyu Du, Wanpeng Wang, Mei Li, Zuoqin Li, Xi Wang, Xu Zhao, Xiang Wang

“…However, after adjusting with sex, age, smoke, drink, hypertension and diabetes, 2-vessel non-obstructive CAD and 3-vessel non-obstructive CAD showed significant association with the risk of MACE, with HR of 1.53 (95% CI: 1.06–2.21, P = 0.023) and 1.93 (95% CI: 1.32–2.82, P = 0.001), respectively, using no CAD as the reference group. Non-obstructive CAD, not presence of MB, is the main predictor of risk for future MACE in patients without obstructive CAD. …”
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Prevalence of AOX1 and CYP1A2 gene polymorphisms associated with response to favipiravir therapy in novel coronavirus infection COVID-19 among ethnic groups of the North Caucasus by A. T. Leinsoo, N. P. Denisenko, Sh. P. Abdullaev, S. N. Tuchkova, A. V. Kryukov, S. N. Mammaev, Zh. A. Sozaeva, M. S.-Kh. Sozaeva, K. A. Akmalova, L. Z. Bolieva, A. I. Dobroselskaya, M. L. Maksimov, K. B. Mirzaev, D. A. Sychev

“…The frequency of distribution of AOX1 and CYP1A2 gene variants was studied among 897 conditionally healthy volunteers (362 men — 40.4% and 535 women — 59.6%; average age — 34.6±6.3%), from 8 ethnic groups of the North Caucasus: Ossetians, Balkars, Kabardians, Avars, Dargins, Laks, Kumyks and Lezgins (n=100 for each), as well as 97 Russians (reference group).Results. As a result of the analysis, a significant difference was found in the allele frequencies for the rs10931910 AOX1 genetic polymorphism between Balkars and Russians (p &lt;0.05), Laks and Russians (p &lt;0.05), and especially between Dargins and Russians (p &lt;0.0001). …”
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Vutrisiran in Transthyretin Amyloidosis by Ronald M. Witteles, MD, Pablo Garcia-Pavia, MD, PhD, Caroline Morbach, MD, Julian D. Gillmore, MD, PhD, Mark S. Taylor, MBBS, PhD, Isabel Conceição, MD, William B. White, MD, Cynthia Kwok, MSPH, Marianne T. Sweetser, MD, PhD, Katherine L. Boyle, MD, David Adams, MD, PhD

“…In the combined vutrisiran group, AERs and serious AERs for specific adverse events were comparable to those reported in either of the placebo reference groups and those previously reported during the initial randomized treatment periods of the HELIOS-A and HELIOS-B studies. …”
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Moderating effects of a healthy lifestyle on the association of pre-metabolic syndrome with multiple chronic disease comorbidities by Youqiong Xu, Youqiong Xu, Xinchao Zhang, Xinchao Zhang, Jinxi Fang, Jinxi Fang, Wenchu Xu, Wenchu Xu, Qihui Chen, Qihui Chen, Yitao Zhu, Yitao Zhu, Haiping Hu, Haiping Hu, Xiangyu Cao, Xiangyu Cao, Xiaoyang Zhang, Xiaoyang Zhang

“…Integrate healthy lifestyles and explore their association with multiple comorbidities using normal metabolism and healthy lifestyles as reference groups. PreMetS [OR = 1.38, 95%CI: 1.16–1.64] and MetS [OR = 1.61, 95%CI: 1.32–1.97] were associated with a significantly higher risk of multiple comorbidities compared with the normal population, and the risk of multiple comorbidities tended to increase as the number of metabolic disorder components increased (p &lt; 0.001). …”
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Youth Uptake of Digital Sexual and Reproductive Health Services Across Sociodemographic Groups (2018-2022): A Total Population Study from Stockholm, Sweden by Lovisa Hellsten, MPH, Viktor H. Ahlqvist, PhD, Anna M. Nielsen, RM, PhD, Gunnar Brandén, PhD, Anna Mia Ekström, MD, PhD, Kyriaki Kosidou, MD, PhD

“…Significantly lower uptake was also observed in the lowest income quintile (digital: adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.34; 95% CI, 0.31-0.36; in-person: aOR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.42-0.45) compared with the highest quintile (reference group). Among digital visits, chat was more equitably used than video consultations across sociodemographic groups, including smaller differences between the highest and lowest income quintiles (chat: aOR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.54-0.65; video: aOR, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.23-0.27). …”
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Association Between Locoregional Private Equity Investment in Retina Practices and Academic Vitreoretinal Caseload by Franco JJ, Pan WW, Mian SI, Wubben TJ

“…In particular, there remains a dearth of literature assessing the impact of PE acquisition on non-PE practices; herein, we assess the effect of locoregional PE investment on the rate of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for retinal detachment (RD) repair performed at a US academic center.Methods: Patients who underwent RD PPV (Current Procedural Terminology [CPT] codes 67108 or 67113) or routine PPV (reference group; CPT 67040, 67041, or 67042) at a single US academic center from 01/01/2013 to 12/31/2023 were identified. …”
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RpoB mutation patterns in Rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis: a Jiangxi Province study, 2021–2023 by Zhan Qiu Mao, Qi Long Zhang, Huilie Zheng, Zhen Qiong Liu, Fei Mei Li, Ling Shan Xu, Li Chao Liang, Ling Hua Shu, Hui Qiong Yang

“…While individuals aged ≥ 65 years constituted the largest absolute number of RR-TB cases, the highest relative risk was observed in children aged 5–14 years (OR = 2.68, 95% CI 1.16–6.22, P = 0.02) compared to the ≥ 65 reference group. probe E missing emerged as the predominant mutation site, particularly prevalent in pulmonary specimens and among individuals aged 55–64 years, with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.001). …”
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Risk factors for stall unoccupancy in Holstein dairy cows milked 3 times per day in a rotary milking parlor: A case control study by A. Singh, H. Somula, M. Wieland

“…Taking cows in late lactation (≥200 DIM) as reference group, the OR (95% CI) of RSU were 0.56 (0.35–0.92) for early-lactation (<100 DIM) cows and 0.84 (0.56–1.26) for mid-lactation (101–200 DIM) cows. …”
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Associations of residential greenness with incident vascular diseases in middle-aged and older adults: A large prospective cohort study by Bolun Cheng, Wenming Wei, Shiqiang Cheng, Chuyu Pan, Yan Wen, Feng Zhang

“…Participants were stratified according to their exposure levels of residential greenness, with the lowest level serving as the reference group. Over a median follow-up of 10.8 years, more than 30,000 participants developed VD. …”
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