Respiratory problems caused by occupational exposure to flour dust among flour mill workers in Razavi and South Khorasan provinces by A Soltanzadeh, D Eskandari, A Gholami, J Malakuti

“…Likewise, pulmonary function parameters were significantly lower in exposed than reference group (p<0.05). Conclusions: The findings of this study showed that occupational exposure to flour dust and age could be important factors predicting the prevalence of respiratory symptoms and functional impairment of the lungs…”
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STUDY OF RAPITALAM INFLUENCE ON OXOTREMORINE-INDUCED TREMOR by N. V. Avdeeva

“…In comparison with the reference group, Rapitalam at the dose of 3 mg/kg significantly reduced the severity of tremor 50 min. after its administration. …”
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The “Inverse” Seasonal Blood Pressure Variability Phenotype by V. M. Gorbunov, M. I. Smirnova, Y. N. Koshelyaevskaya, N. N. Panueva, N. V. Furman, P. V. Dolotovskaya

“…According to the HOMED-BP data, patients with inverse BPV had the highest overall cardiovascular risk (hazard ratio in comparison with the reference group of “minimal” “normal” BPV was 3.07; p=0.004). …”
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Association between Red Blood Cell Distribution Width and Short-Term Mortality in Patients with Paralytic Intestinal Obstruction: Retrospective Data Analysis Based on the MIMIC-III... by Xuelian Zhao, Xinhuan Wan, Chao Gu, Shanyu Gao, Jiahui Yin, Lizhu Wang, Longfang Quan

“…In the fully adjusted model, OR value and 95% CI from the second to the third quantiles compared to the first quartile (reference group) were 1.89 (1.04, 3.44) and 3.29 (1.82, 5.93), respectively. …”
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The effect of table tennis combined with resistance training on the rehabilitation of patients with coronary heart disease by Guochang Liu, Xiaoyun Zhu

“…The test group performed table tennis combined with resistance training, and the reference group (RG) received standard resistance training as the control group. …”
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Job satisfaction in doctors with suicidal ideation: a national longitudinal panel study 2002–2021 by Elin Anita Fadum, Øivind Ekeberg, Erlend Hem

“…Results Doctors with suicidal ideation (16%) scored on average 4.5 points lower on JSS (95% confidence interval (CI) -6.1 to -2.9) in 2019 with 7.2 points higher values of emotional exhaustion than the reference group (95% CI 5.4 to 9.1). Doctors with suicidal ideation consistently reported less job satisfaction in the period 2002–2021. …”
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Increased risk of rhabdomyolysis in patients using statins: a population-based case-control study by Ya-Wen Lu, Jong-Yi Wang, Heng-Jun Lin, Wei-Sheng Chung

“…Patients with psychiatric disorders who used statins exhibited a substantial risk of rhabdomyolysis (adjusted OR: 2.30, 95% CI: 1.95–2.71) compared with the reference group of patients without psychiatric disorders who did not use statins. …”
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“Suicidal passport” for epilepsy by N. I. Shova, V. А. Mikhailov, G. V. Odintsova

“…We examined 102 patients diagnosed with epilepsy and divided them into two groups consistent with the available relevant suicide ideators: Group 1 (reference group) – without suicide ideators (n=73), Group 2 (study group) – with suicide ideators at the time of the study (n=29). …”
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Risk factors for self-reports of diagnosed cataracts among older adults in Poland by Natalia Lange, Kacper Jagiełło, Piotr Bandosz

“…Additionally, the odds increased significantly with age, with 70-79-year-olds having 3.38 times greater odds, 80-89-year-olds having 8.08 times greater odds, and those aged 90 years and older having 10.76 times greater odds than did the reference group (60–69 years old). The prevalence of self-reported diagnosed cataracts was found to be 1.47 times greater among individuals with diabetes, 1.20 times greater among those with hypertension, and 1.25 times greater among tobacco users than among their respective counterparts. …”
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Heart Condition in Convalescents of Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome According to Echocardiography Data by K. M. Manakhov, O. E. Tsarenko, O. N. Chevplyanskaya, L. I. Bagautdinova, A. V. Melnikov, O. V. Malinin, M. V. Dudarev, D. S. Sarksyan, A. E. Platonov, V. V. Maleev

“…The study included 27 patients without any chronic diseases who had severe or moderate HFRS (the main group) within 3 weeks after their discharge from the infection diseases hospital. The reference group consisted of 19 patients comparable by age and gender, without any chronic diseases. …”
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Use, Effectiveness, and Safety of Inhaler Devices for LABA/LAMA Fixed-Dose Combinations in Patients with COPD by Sara Lopes, Maria Lucia Marino, Filomena Fortinguerra, Nera Agabiti, Valeria Belleudi, Francesco Trotta

“…The devices analyzed were dry powder inhalers (DPI) capsule/strip (DPI-t, reference group), DPI with a reservoir (DPI-r), and soft mist inhalers (SMI). …”
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Survival, morbidity, growth and developmental delay for babies born preterm in low and middle income countries - a systematic review of outcomes measured. by Melissa Gladstone, Clare Oliver, Nynke Van den Broek

“…The Child Health Epidemiology Reference Group criteria (CHERG) were used to assess quality.…”
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Impact of Out-of-pocket Costs on Varenicline Utilization and Persistence by Aaron Galaznik, Katherine Cappell, Leslie Montejano, Geoffrey Makinson, Kelly H. Zou, Gregory Lenhart

“… # Results There were 142,251, 458,966 and 222,241 individuals in the low, medium and high out-of-pocket cohorts, respectively. The reference group for all comparisons was the cohort with no access restrictions and low out-of-pocket costs. …”
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A research agenda for helminth diseases of humans: towards control and elimination. by Boakye A Boatin, María-Gloria Basáñez, Roger K Prichard, Kwablah Awadzi, Rashida M Barakat, Héctor H García, Andrea Gazzinelli, Warwick N Grant, James S McCarthy, Eliézer K N'Goran, Mike Y Osei-Atweneboana, Banchob Sripa, Guo-Jing Yang, Sara Lustigman

“…Some of the obstacles include the lack of diagnostic tools appropriate to the changing requirements of ongoing interventions and elimination settings; the reliance on a handful of drugs about which not enough is known regarding modes of action, modes of resistance, and optimal dosage singly or in combination; the difficulties in sustaining adequate coverage and compliance in prolonged and/or integrated programmes; an incomplete understanding of the social, behavioural, and environmental determinants of infection; and last, but not least, very little investment in research and development (R&D). The Disease Reference Group on Helminth Infections (DRG4), established in 2009 by the Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR), was given the mandate to undertake a comprehensive review of recent advances in helminthiases research, identify research gaps, and rank priorities for an R&D agenda for the control and elimination of these infections. …”
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Haematological and biochemical reference values for Bonelli’s eagles in the wild and in captivity: implications for conservation and rehabilitation programs by Fernando González, Octavio Perez-Luzardo, Luis Revuelta, Laura Suárez-Regalado, Virginia Moraleda-Fernández, Alicia Carrero-Ruíz, Laura Del Río

“…Results We established Reference Intervals for three distinct reference groups of birds: wild nestlings ( $$n=72$$ n = 72 ), captive nestlings ( $$n=45$$ n = 45 ), and adults ( $$n=49$$ n = 49 ). …”
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The joint association between sleep quality, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and working memory in Chinese adolescents by Jun Hong, Yuan Liu, Yaru Guo, YuQiang Li, Feng Zhang, Pengwei Sun, Yanyan Hu, He Liu, Xiaojian Yin

“…Results In the adjusted model, adolescents with good sleep quality served as the reference group. Those with poor sleep quality had increased reaction times by 0.11 s (95%CI:0.09–0.13) during the 1-back task and by 0.10 s (95%CI:0.08–0.12) during the 2-back task. …”
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The use of an ultrasonic cement removal device in revision hip and knee arthroplasty—A matched case‐control study by Marco Haertlé, Lars‐René Tücking, Alexander Derksen, Magnus Reulbach, Eike Jakubowitz, Henning Windhagen

“…A matched group of 11 patients who underwent revision arthroplasty using conventional techniques to remove bone cement served as the reference group. Results Ultrasound‐guided removal of cement from the medullary canal was associated with a significantly longer operation time (187.19 min ± 54.4 vs. 121.91 min ± 43.5, (p = 0.0026). …”
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Intrinsic capacity and its change predict cardiovascular disease risk in early cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome: a nationwide cohort study by Fei Song, Meng-Jin Hu, Jinggang Xia, Chunlin Yin

“…Logistic regression models indicated that both ‘low level’ and ‘medium level’ IC trajectories were independently associated with significantly higher CVD risk compared with the ‘high level’ reference group.Conclusions This prospective cohort study demonstrated significant associations between both baseline IC and its longitudinal changes with incident CVD risk among individuals with CKM syndrome stages 0–3.…”
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Comparison of Placental and Birth Weight Ratios in Term Neonates, Neonates with Low Apgar Score, and Stillbirths in Asian Indian Population: A Retrospective Observational Study by Nuzhat Aziz, AV Thankamani, Sailaja Devi Kallur

“…STATA v14.0 (College Station, TX, USA) was used for statistical analysis to assess differences between the groups, with newborns with normal Apgar scores as the reference group. Results: There were 35,576 births during the study period, with 18,143 singleton term pregnancies, including 17,986 term normal Apgar births, 110 low Apgar births (0.36%), and 47 stillbirths (1.37 per 1,000). …”
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Design and Research on the Preparation of Pervious Concrete Using Carbonized Steel Slag as a Full Component by Xiao Chen, Kai Zhang, Benren Wang, Zhiqiang Wu, Mingkai Zhou

“…The results demonstrate that when CaO and MgO contents reached 5% and 15%, respectively, the 28d compressive strength of mortar increased by 134.49% compared to the reference group. Microstructural analysis confirmed that CaO reacted to form CaCO₃ crystals, while MgO enhanced strength by regulating CaCO₃ crystal morphology to optimize product structure. …”
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