Risk Factors for the Occurrence of Cutaneous Neoplasms in Dogs: A Retrospective Study by Cytology Reports, 2019–2021 by Issa Carolina García-Reynoso, Cesar Augusto Flores-Dueñas, Nohemí Castro-del Campo, Mariana Jácome-Ibarra, José Carlomán Herrera-Ramírez, Sergio Daniel Gómez-Gómez, Miguel Ángel Rodríguez-Gaxiola, Soila Maribel Gaxiola-Camacho

“…Using dogs aged 0–4 years as the reference group, dogs aged 9–12 years had 0.241 times the odds of developing malignant neoplasms (95% CI: 0.141–0.415, <i>p</i> = 0.0025). …”
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Does Divorce Affect Happiness? by Zeynep Burcu Uğur

“…This study investigates the relationship between divorce and happiness with regard to different reference groups. For this purpose, individual-level data from the Life Satisfaction Survey, a suvey conducted annually since 2003, have been utilized for the 2003-2019 period. …”
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Measuring the success of programmes of care for people living with dementia: a protocol for consensus building with consumers to develop a set of Core Outcome Measures for Improvin... by Thomas Morris, Susan E Kurrle, Susanna Dodd, Paula Williamson, Leon Flicker, Len Gray, Osvaldo P Almeida, Tracy Comans, John Quinn, Kim Nguyen, Judy A Lowthian, Dominic Trépel, Alyssa Welch, Anna Kearney, Colm Cunningham, Jack Nunn, Danelle Kenny, Glenys Petrie, Tiet-Hanh Dao-Tran, Asmita Manchha

“…The methods for analysing each stage will be codesigned with stakeholders, through the conduit of a Stakeholder Reference Group including people living with dementia, formal and informal carers, aged care industry representatives, researchers, clinicians and policy actors. …”
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Investigating the Impact of Virtual Communities on Furtherance of Customers’ Buying Behavior by Mohammad Fathian, Mohammad Hosseini

“…With respect to reference groups and word-of-mouth recommendations in virtual communities, contributing factors have been detected and a model of impacts and relationships between these factors has been presented. …”
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INTERNATIONAL APPROACHES TO THE GOVERNMENT PRICE CONTROL OVER GENERICS AND BIOSIMILARS: A REVIEW by D. G. Tolkacheva, A. V. Torgov, A. S. Margazova

“…In some countries, the price is set through free competition within the reference group of drugs. However, today’s control of biosimilar pricing in Europe is just building up. …”
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Literary Elite in Processes of Socio-Cultural Modernization of Russia in 1830-1850: Main Identificational Features and Peculiarities of Status and Role Identification by T. F. Arzhanykh

“…Socio-political and psychological factors that influenced the choice of axiological meanings and behaviour patterns of various reference groups of literary and historiosophical orientation are analysed. …”
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Sex differences in the association of BMI and weight perception with depression and suicidality among Korean adolescents. by Eunha Jeong

“…In female participants without obesity, the risk of depression and suicidality with overweight perception increased by 1.106 times (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.020-1.199) and 1.295 times (95% CI 1.176-1.427), respectively, compared to that with underweight perception as the reference group. However, this difference was not statistically significant among male participants without obesity. …”
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Clinical characteristics and CKD care delivery in African American and American Indian or Alaska Native patients: A real-world cohort study by Kiara N. Mayhand, Radica Z. Alicic, Lindsey M. Kornowske, Cami R. Jones, Kenn B. Daratha, Christina L. Reynolds, Susanne B. Nicholas, Roland J. Thorpe, Alex A.T. Bui, Keith C. Norris, Katherine R. Tuttle

“…Methods Using electronic health record data from the Center for Kidney Disease Research, Education, and Hope (CURE-CKD) Registry (N = 381,011) collected between 2015 and 2020, adjusted binary logistic regression models were used to identify predictors of two CKD care outcomes: 1) prescriptions for CKD-related guideline-directed medical therapy (CKD-GDMT) in the form of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers and 2) testing for urine albumin-creatinine/urine protein-creatinine ratio (UACR/UPCR) among adult patients of AA and AI/AN race compared to the reference group (White, non-Hispanic). Results AA (62 ± 17 years) and AI/AN (57 ± 18 years) patients with CKD were younger compared to the White, non-Hispanic reference group (68 ± 17 years). …”
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The Female Athlete by Bucher Sandbakk S, Tønnessen E, Haugen T, Sandbakk Ø, 4

“…In this context, all coaches described how training and coaching of female athletes differs from that of men, thus considering male athletes as the reference group and male physiology and psychology as the norm. …”
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Influence of social norms on blockchain technology adoption: a structural equation modelling approach among smallholder barley farmers in Uganda by Racheal Ninsiima, Patience Mshenga, Dickson Okello

“…The findings reveal that social norm [subjective norms (B = 0.185, p = 0.005), injunctive norms (B = 0.166, p = 0.003), normative reference groups (B = 0.125, p = 0.021), and behavioural sanctions (B = 0.390, p = 0.000)] positively shaped farmers' attitudes (B = 0.652, p = 0.002), enhancing their intentions to adopt BCT. …”
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Cesarean section and the gestational duration of subsequent pregnancies: A nationwide register-based cohort study. by Felix Evers, Christopher Flatley, Karin Ytterberg, Julius Juodakis, Pol Solé-Navais, Bo Jacobsson

“…<h4>Conclusions</h4>The survival model handles bias related to management differences between the exposure and reference groups better than standard logistic regression, making it the statistical method of choice when conducting studies on this research topic. …”
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Effect of hollow ratio and cross-section shape on the behavior of hollow SIFCON columns by Shahad S. Khamees, Mohammed M. Kadhum, Nameer A. Alwash

“…The present study comprised casting and testing of two column specimens groups; SIFCON group and NSC group (reference group). Every group consists of six column specimens of which three are circular and the others are square. …”
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Socio-demographic risk factors for unintended pregnancy among unmarried adolescent Nigerian girls by Chibuogwu Izugbara

“…Female-headed households were less likely to experience unwanted adolescent pregnancy compared to those of the reference group category (OR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.3920–0.8073). …”
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Dramatic Text Comprehension in Early Adolescence: Validating Assessment Criteria by A.A. Adaskina, A.A. Zaretskaya

“…First, we ran and recorded conversations with a reference group, which included 16 specialists in the field of philology and theater. …”
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Respiratory problems caused by occupational exposure to flour dust among flour mill workers in Razavi and South Khorasan provinces by A Soltanzadeh, D Eskandari, A Gholami, J Malakuti

“…Likewise, pulmonary function parameters were significantly lower in exposed than reference group (p<0.05). Conclusions: The findings of this study showed that occupational exposure to flour dust and age could be important factors predicting the prevalence of respiratory symptoms and functional impairment of the lungs…”
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STUDY OF RAPITALAM INFLUENCE ON OXOTREMORINE-INDUCED TREMOR by N. V. Avdeeva

“…In comparison with the reference group, Rapitalam at the dose of 3 mg/kg significantly reduced the severity of tremor 50 min. after its administration. …”
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The “Inverse” Seasonal Blood Pressure Variability Phenotype by V. M. Gorbunov, M. I. Smirnova, Y. N. Koshelyaevskaya, N. N. Panueva, N. V. Furman, P. V. Dolotovskaya

“…According to the HOMED-BP data, patients with inverse BPV had the highest overall cardiovascular risk (hazard ratio in comparison with the reference group of “minimal” “normal” BPV was 3.07; p=0.004). …”
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Association between Red Blood Cell Distribution Width and Short-Term Mortality in Patients with Paralytic Intestinal Obstruction: Retrospective Data Analysis Based on the MIMIC-III... by Xuelian Zhao, Xinhuan Wan, Chao Gu, Shanyu Gao, Jiahui Yin, Lizhu Wang, Longfang Quan

“…In the fully adjusted model, OR value and 95% CI from the second to the third quantiles compared to the first quartile (reference group) were 1.89 (1.04, 3.44) and 3.29 (1.82, 5.93), respectively. …”
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The effect of table tennis combined with resistance training on the rehabilitation of patients with coronary heart disease by Guochang Liu, Xiaoyun Zhu

“…The test group performed table tennis combined with resistance training, and the reference group (RG) received standard resistance training as the control group. …”
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Job satisfaction in doctors with suicidal ideation: a national longitudinal panel study 2002–2021 by Elin Anita Fadum, Øivind Ekeberg, Erlend Hem

“…Results Doctors with suicidal ideation (16%) scored on average 4.5 points lower on JSS (95% confidence interval (CI) -6.1 to -2.9) in 2019 with 7.2 points higher values of emotional exhaustion than the reference group (95% CI 5.4 to 9.1). Doctors with suicidal ideation consistently reported less job satisfaction in the period 2002–2021. …”
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