Increased risk of rhabdomyolysis in patients using statins: a population-based case-control study by Ya-Wen Lu, Jong-Yi Wang, Heng-Jun Lin, Wei-Sheng Chung

“…Patients with psychiatric disorders who used statins exhibited a substantial risk of rhabdomyolysis (adjusted OR: 2.30, 95% CI: 1.95–2.71) compared with the reference group of patients without psychiatric disorders who did not use statins. …”
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“Suicidal passport” for epilepsy by N. I. Shova, V. А. Mikhailov, G. V. Odintsova

“…We examined 102 patients diagnosed with epilepsy and divided them into two groups consistent with the available relevant suicide ideators: Group 1 (reference group) – without suicide ideators (n=73), Group 2 (study group) – with suicide ideators at the time of the study (n=29). …”
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Heart Condition in Convalescents of Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome According to Echocardiography Data by K. M. Manakhov, O. E. Tsarenko, O. N. Chevplyanskaya, L. I. Bagautdinova, A. V. Melnikov, O. V. Malinin, M. V. Dudarev, D. S. Sarksyan, A. E. Platonov, V. V. Maleev

“…The study included 27 patients without any chronic diseases who had severe or moderate HFRS (the main group) within 3 weeks after their discharge from the infection diseases hospital. The reference group consisted of 19 patients comparable by age and gender, without any chronic diseases. …”
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Use, Effectiveness, and Safety of Inhaler Devices for LABA/LAMA Fixed-Dose Combinations in Patients with COPD by Sara Lopes, Maria Lucia Marino, Filomena Fortinguerra, Nera Agabiti, Valeria Belleudi, Francesco Trotta

“…The devices analyzed were dry powder inhalers (DPI) capsule/strip (DPI-t, reference group), DPI with a reservoir (DPI-r), and soft mist inhalers (SMI). …”
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Survival, morbidity, growth and developmental delay for babies born preterm in low and middle income countries - a systematic review of outcomes measured. by Melissa Gladstone, Clare Oliver, Nynke Van den Broek

“…The Child Health Epidemiology Reference Group criteria (CHERG) were used to assess quality.…”
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Impact of Out-of-pocket Costs on Varenicline Utilization and Persistence by Aaron Galaznik, Katherine Cappell, Leslie Montejano, Geoffrey Makinson, Kelly H. Zou, Gregory Lenhart

“… # Results There were 142,251, 458,966 and 222,241 individuals in the low, medium and high out-of-pocket cohorts, respectively. The reference group for all comparisons was the cohort with no access restrictions and low out-of-pocket costs. …”
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A research agenda for helminth diseases of humans: towards control and elimination. by Boakye A Boatin, María-Gloria Basáñez, Roger K Prichard, Kwablah Awadzi, Rashida M Barakat, Héctor H García, Andrea Gazzinelli, Warwick N Grant, James S McCarthy, Eliézer K N'Goran, Mike Y Osei-Atweneboana, Banchob Sripa, Guo-Jing Yang, Sara Lustigman

“…Some of the obstacles include the lack of diagnostic tools appropriate to the changing requirements of ongoing interventions and elimination settings; the reliance on a handful of drugs about which not enough is known regarding modes of action, modes of resistance, and optimal dosage singly or in combination; the difficulties in sustaining adequate coverage and compliance in prolonged and/or integrated programmes; an incomplete understanding of the social, behavioural, and environmental determinants of infection; and last, but not least, very little investment in research and development (R&D). The Disease Reference Group on Helminth Infections (DRG4), established in 2009 by the Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR), was given the mandate to undertake a comprehensive review of recent advances in helminthiases research, identify research gaps, and rank priorities for an R&D agenda for the control and elimination of these infections. …”
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Haematological and biochemical reference values for Bonelli’s eagles in the wild and in captivity: implications for conservation and rehabilitation programs by Fernando González, Octavio Perez-Luzardo, Luis Revuelta, Laura Suárez-Regalado, Virginia Moraleda-Fernández, Alicia Carrero-Ruíz, Laura Del Río

“…Results We established Reference Intervals for three distinct reference groups of birds: wild nestlings ( $$n=72$$ n = 72 ), captive nestlings ( $$n=45$$ n = 45 ), and adults ( $$n=49$$ n = 49 ). …”
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The joint association between sleep quality, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and working memory in Chinese adolescents by Jun Hong, Yuan Liu, Yaru Guo, YuQiang Li, Feng Zhang, Pengwei Sun, Yanyan Hu, He Liu, Xiaojian Yin

“…Results In the adjusted model, adolescents with good sleep quality served as the reference group. Those with poor sleep quality had increased reaction times by 0.11 s (95%CI:0.09–0.13) during the 1-back task and by 0.10 s (95%CI:0.08–0.12) during the 2-back task. …”
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The use of an ultrasonic cement removal device in revision hip and knee arthroplasty—A matched case‐control study by Marco Haertlé, Lars‐René Tücking, Alexander Derksen, Magnus Reulbach, Eike Jakubowitz, Henning Windhagen

“…A matched group of 11 patients who underwent revision arthroplasty using conventional techniques to remove bone cement served as the reference group. Results Ultrasound‐guided removal of cement from the medullary canal was associated with a significantly longer operation time (187.19 min ± 54.4 vs. 121.91 min ± 43.5, (p = 0.0026). …”
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Intrinsic capacity and its change predict cardiovascular disease risk in early cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome: a nationwide cohort study by Fei Song, Meng-Jin Hu, Jinggang Xia, Chunlin Yin

“…Logistic regression models indicated that both ‘low level’ and ‘medium level’ IC trajectories were independently associated with significantly higher CVD risk compared with the ‘high level’ reference group.Conclusions This prospective cohort study demonstrated significant associations between both baseline IC and its longitudinal changes with incident CVD risk among individuals with CKM syndrome stages 0–3.…”
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Comparison of Placental and Birth Weight Ratios in Term Neonates, Neonates with Low Apgar Score, and Stillbirths in Asian Indian Population: A Retrospective Observational Study by Nuzhat Aziz, AV Thankamani, Sailaja Devi Kallur

“…STATA v14.0 (College Station, TX, USA) was used for statistical analysis to assess differences between the groups, with newborns with normal Apgar scores as the reference group. Results: There were 35,576 births during the study period, with 18,143 singleton term pregnancies, including 17,986 term normal Apgar births, 110 low Apgar births (0.36%), and 47 stillbirths (1.37 per 1,000). …”
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Design and Research on the Preparation of Pervious Concrete Using Carbonized Steel Slag as a Full Component by Xiao Chen, Kai Zhang, Benren Wang, Zhiqiang Wu, Mingkai Zhou

“…The results demonstrate that when CaO and MgO contents reached 5% and 15%, respectively, the 28d compressive strength of mortar increased by 134.49% compared to the reference group. Microstructural analysis confirmed that CaO reacted to form CaCO₃ crystals, while MgO enhanced strength by regulating CaCO₃ crystal morphology to optimize product structure. …”
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Association of blood urea nitrogen to creatinine ratio and long-term outcome among women with coronary artery bypass grafting surgery: filling gaps in female by Kai Zhang, Rong Zhang, Bo Li, Dan Cui

“…Participants in the lowest BUN/Cr category (Q1, ≤ 15) exhibited a significantly higher risk of mortality (HR: 2.67, 95% CI: 1.36–5.27, p = 0.004) compared to the reference group (Q4). Restricted cubic spline analysis revealed an L-shaped relationship between BUN/Cr levels and long-term mortality, with an inflection point at 17.308. …”
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Temporal Trends of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Burden in the East and Southeast Asia from 1990 to 2021: An Analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 by Chen Q, Zhao J, Wu X, Xie X, Liu M

“…PCOS burden showed an increased trend with age, and the period and cohort risk also showed a significant upward trend when compared to the reference groups. Additionally, the burden of PCOS is expected to continue to increase in East Asia by 2031, while it remains stable in Southeast Asia.Conclusion: The increasing burden of PCOS has become a public health problem in the East and Southeast Asia region. …”
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Analysis of the Influence of Spices on the Yu-Shiang Sauce Flavors Based on E-nose and GC-IMS Technology by Hao ZHANG, Tianlong GAO, Yuwen YI, Xuemei CAI, Jing DENG, Yingming TANG, Siyuan GU, Mingfeng QIAO

“…The study found that the alkanes of the sample group with missing scallions decreased from 11.06% to 5.41% in the reference group, indicating that the missing scallions had the greatest impact on fish flavor. …”
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Unsupervised clustering of biochemical markers reveals health profiles associated with function and survival in active aging by Raquel González-Martos, Javier Galeano, Carmen Ramirez-Castillejo, Narcis Gusi, Eva Gesteiro, German Vicente-Rodriguez, Ignacio Ara, Amelia Guadalupe-Grau

“…Three distinct clusters emerged: ‘Healthy’, characterized by biochemical values within the normal range and used as the reference group; ‘Metabolic’, marked by dysregulated metabolic parameters; and ‘Hepatic’, which exhibited impaired liver function markers. …”
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Hydration mechanism and carbon footprint of formic acid modified coal gasification slag-based backfill material by Qiang GUO, Jixiong ZHANG, Binbin HUO, Meng LI, Nan ZHOU, Sixu LIU

“…Additionally, the carbon life cycle assessment revealed that substituting cement with 4% formic acid modified CGS reduced the total CO2 emissions of FCM by 376.16 kg/t compared to that of the reference group, significantly lowering the carbon emissions and achieving carbon reduction targets.…”
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Real-World 5-Year Outcomes of Age-Related Macular Degeneration with Bevacizumab as First-Line Anti-VEGF by H. Mhmud, J. P. Vermeulen, O. A. M. Tigchelaar-Besling, F. D. Verbraak, D. Barthelmes, M. Gillies, T. L. Ponsioen, Caroline C. W. Klaver

“…Outcomes from 1473 Dutch eyes (1229 patients) treated with bevacizumab were compared with 7144 eyes (5884 patients) in a reference group (RG) from 13 socioeconomically similar countries. …”
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Differences in Right Heart Function After Pulmonary Valve Replacement in Patients With Pulmonary Valve Stenosis Versus Tetralogy of Fallot by Alexander C. Egbe, C. Charles Jain, Omar Abozied, Luke J. Burchill, Ahmed Younis, Snigdha Karnakoti, Marwan H. Ahmed, Heidi M. Connolly

“…This study compared differences in postprocedural right heart reverse remodeling after early versus late PVR (defined as PVR before versus after attainment of the conservative consensus criteria proposed by Bokma et al, 2018) in patients with prior intervention for PS, using patients with tetralogy of Fallot as the reference group. Method and Results Right atrial reservoir strain and right ventricular free wall strain was measured at baseline, 1 and 3 years after PVR. …”
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