A hierarchical typology of multimodal scientific writing in early primary grades by Deborah L. Nichols, Ted Neal, Brian Hand

“…This integrative ability, known as multimodal competency, enables children to construct and communicate scientific understanding by coordinating text structure, language, and visual representation.MethodsIn this study, 1,705 science writing samples from 1,008 students in kindergarten through 2nd grade were analyzed using a two-stage quantitative approach. …”
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