Single-molecule imaging reveals the kinetics of non-homologous end-joining in living cells by Mariia Mikhova, Noah J. Goff, Tomáš Janovič, Joshua R. Heyza, Katheryn Meek, Jens C. Schmidt

“…Abstract Non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) is the predominant pathway that repairs DNA double-stranded breaks (DSBs) in vertebrates. …”
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PIPKIγ promotes non-homologous end joining through LIG4 to enhance radiotherapy resistance in triple-negative breast cancer by Wenge Dong, Haiping Zhang, Zhigang Zhuang, Ying Jiang

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Nuclear VPS35 attenuates NHEJ repair by sequestering Ku protein by Luping Zhang, Yonghong Nie, Tuo Tang, Yanji Lu, Wenlong Li, Xian Hong, Qiang Li, Aixue Zheng, Yongpei Li, Jianwen Zhou, Li Fan, Tao Wang, Zhihui Deng

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SMAD4 depletion enhances NHEJ by regulating BRCA1 expression through ARIH1 in pancreatic cancer by Yiran Song, Yazhi He, Tianyu Yu, Yang Wang, Liwei An, Yang Shi, Yingqun Zhou, Junyi Ju, Feng Wang

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Zika virus impairs non-homologous end joining and exacerbates DNA damage in neural progenitors derived from Huntington’s disease iPSCs via mutant huntingtin-elicited Ku70/Ku80 complex disruption by Feng-Lan Chiu, Jian-Jong Liang, Yi-Ling Lin, Hung-Chih Kuo

“…Furthermore, HD-iPSC-NPCs were susceptible to ZIKV-induced DNA double-strand breaks and cell apoptosis due to an impairment of the non-homologous end joining DNA repair pathway, specifically through mHTT-mediated Ku70 degradation. …”
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When natural mutants do not fit our expectations: the intriguing case of patients with XRCC4 mutations revealed by whole‐exome sequencing by Jean‐Pierre de Villartay

“…While the overall clinical presentation of the patients (severe short stature, microcephaly, gonadal failure) generally conforms with what is expected for the defect of a critical non‐homologous end‐joining (NHEJ) DNA repair factor, the absence of consequence on the proper development of the immune system is rather surprising, given the role of NHEJ in V(D)J recombination. …”
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Cell cycle-dependent induction of homologous recombination by a tightly regulated I-SceI fusion protein. by Andrea Hartlerode, Shobu Odate, Inbo Shim, Jenifer Brown, Ralph Scully

“…Double-strand break repair is executed by two major repair pathways: non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination (HR). …”
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Recent applications, future perspectives, and limitations of the CRISPR-Cas system by Sun-Ji Park, Ga Eun Lee, Soo Min Cho, Eui-Hwan Choi

“…Its broad applicability spans the correction of inherited genetic defects through homology-directed repair to the disruption of deleterious alleles via non-homologous end joining. In this review, we first outline the molecular architecture and mechanistic basis of CRISPR-Cas9 and then consider its latest applications in modeling, drug screening, small-molecule-mediated editing, and treating hereditary, autoimmune, and oncological diseases. …”
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Advances in CRISPR/Cas9-Based Gene Editing in Filamentous Fungi by Bin Ma, Yimiao Li, Tinghui Wang, Dongming Li, Shuang Jia

“…In this review, we systematically analyze the molecular mechanism and regulatory factors of CRISPR/Cas9, focus on the optimization of its expression system and the improvement of the transformation efficiency in filamentous fungi, and reveal the core regulatory roles of HR and non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) pathways in gene editing. …”
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Photodynamic Therapy and Dietary Antioxidants: A Dual Strategy for Genome Stability and DNA Damage Repair by J. P. Jose Merlin, Sheeja S. Rajan, Heidi Abrahamse

“…Key DNA repair systems such as base excision repair (BER), nucleotide excision repair (NER), mismatch repair (MMR), homologous recombination (HR), and non‐homologous end joining (NHEJ) are discussed in the context of their response to PDT‐induced damage. …”
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A nonsense mutation of human XRCC4 is associated with adult‐onset progressive encephalocardiomyopathy by Leonardo Bee, Alessia Nasca, Alice Zanolini, Filippo Cendron, Pio d'Adamo, Rodolfo Costa, Costanza Lamperti, Lucia Celotti, Daniele Ghezzi, Massimo Zeviani

“…XRCC4 plays an important role in non‐homologous end joining of DNA double‐strand breaks (DSB), a system that is involved in repairing DNA damage from, for example, ionizing radiations. …”
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Liberties of the genome: insertions of mitochondrial DNA fragments into nuclear genome by M. V. Golubenko, V. P. Puzyrev

“…The integration of new mtDNA fragments into the nuclear genome occurs during double-strand DNA break repair through the non-homologous end joining mechanism. Along with evolutionarily stable “genetic fossils” that were integrated into the nuclear genome millions of years ago and are shared by many species, there are NUMTS that could be species-specific, polymorphic in a species, or “private”. …”
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Miniaturized scalable arrayed CRISPR screening in primary cells enables discovery at the single donor resolution by Miti A. Patel, Brittany P. Boribong, Hugo Sinha, Bin Xiao, Keqiang Xie, Philippe Q. N. Vo, Andrew B. Chin, Ayoub Ellouzi, Samuel R. Little, Steve Shih, Hao Wu, William J. Muller, Alison Hirukawa

“…The platform was validated across diverse primary human cell types and cargo modalities, demonstrating efficient delivery of various cargo, with high rates of transfection, gene knockout via non-homologous end joining, and precise knock-in through homology-directed repair. …”
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H1N76/77 deamidation facilitates chromatin remodelling and genome stability during DNA damage repair by Tingting Feng, Mengyan Li, Chenmiao Hu, Yuan Tian, Wei‐Guo Zhu

“…This sequential modification‐H1 deamidation followed by acetylation‐facilitates the recruitment of repair factors involving both homologous recombination and non‐homologous end joining repair pathways, and consequently promoting DNA repair. …”
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Identifying new targets for improving terpenoid biosynthesis in Yarrowia lipolytica through random genomic cytosine base editing by Zhenxia Li, Bo Liu, Rongtao Lv, Zhe Sun, QingYan Li, XueLi Zhang

“…Despite the application of non-homologous end joining (NHEJ)-mediated genome editing in Yarrowia lipolytica, the development of alternative genome-wide mutagenesis strategies remains unexplored in this industrially relevant oleaginous yeast. …”
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Structural and functional insights into the interaction between Ku70/80 and Pol X family polymerases in NHEJ by Philippe Frit, Himani Amin, Sayma Zahid, Nadia Barboule, Chloe Hall, Gurdip Matharu, Steven W. Hardwick, Jeanne Chauvat, Sébastien Britton, Dima Y. Chirgadze, Virginie Ropars, Jean-Baptiste Charbonnier, Patrick Calsou, Amanda K. Chaplin

“…Abstract Non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) is the main repair pathway for double-strand DNA breaks (DSBs) in mammals. …”
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Exploring structure–activity relationships of pyrrolyl diketo acid derivatives as non-nucleoside inhibitors of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase enzyme by Valentina Noemi Madia, Nadia Garibaldi, Davide Ialongo, Elisa Patacchini, Valeria Tudino, Giuseppe Ruggieri, Laura Zarbo, Emanuele Cara, Antonio Coluccia, Marco Artico, Luigi Scipione, Antonella Messore, Francesco Saccoliti, Elisa Mentegari, Giovanni Maga, Roberto Di Santo, Emmanuele Crespan, Roberta Costi

“…Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) is overexpressed in some cancer types, where it drives the mutagenic repair of double strand breaks through non canonical non-homologous end joining pathway. The TdT enzyme belongs to the X family of polymerases, together with the DNA polymerase λ (pol λ) and β (pol β). …”
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From gut to proteomics: the impact of Roseburia intestinalis on post-translational modifications in colorectal cancer by Lu Li, Lu Li, Yong Zhang, Yong Zhang, Qianqian Wu, Qianqian Wu, Ziyu Jin, Ziyu Jin, Hongbing Xia, Huili Wu, Huili Wu, Kunkun Li, Kunkun Li, Lihong Wang, Lihong Wang

“…Concurrently, lactylome analysis demonstrated distinct protein enrichment in: Glycolysis, Galactose metabolism, Pentose phosphate pathway, Non-homologous end-joining. Notably, glycolysis emerged as the principal convergent pathway between acetylation and lactylation modifications, suggesting its central regulatory role in metabolic reprogramming under these PTMs.ConclusionsOur study reveals a previously unrecognized mechanism by which R.i orchestrates metabolic-translational post-translational modification crosstalk in CRC through bidirectional modulation of protein markers. …”
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Tumor treating fields combined with ionizing radiation inhibit the malignant phenotype of lung cancer brain metastasis cells by suppressing DNA damage repair pathways by Guilong Tanzhu, Haiqin Peng, Liu Chen, Gang Xiao, Jiaoyang Ning, Ling Chen, Rongrong Zhou

“…TTFields combined with IR exhibited significant suppression on homologous recombination (HR) markers (p-ATM, RAD51), non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) components (DNA-PKcs, KU70, KU80), and microhomology-mediated end joining (MMEJ) effectors (PARP1, p95-NBS1) versus RT alone. …”
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