Pulmonary Nocardiosis in an Immunocompetent Patient with Cystic Fibrosis by Lucy Schoen, Jonathan D. Santoro, Carlos Milla, Sumit Bhargava

“…Nocardia spp. are bacteria of low virulence that cause infection classically in immunocompromised hosts with the lungs as the primary site of infection in the majority of cases. …”
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Genotype Distribution and High-Risk Factors Analysis of Group B Streptococcus in Late-Stage Pregnant Women in the Linyi Region by Weiping Zhou, Xiaoyan Chen, Jie Chen, Xiuhua Zheng, Xueqiang Zhang, Yubin Chen, Yuehua Pan, Chunling Ma

“…Having a college degree or above, absence of pregnancy vomiting, elevated levels of albumin, globulin, direct bilirubin, glutamyl transferase, and total bile acids, and decreased levels of alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase are high-risk factors for GBS infection; ST10, ST19, ST529, and ST862 are the main genotypes prevalent in this region; there are regional differences in the distribution of GBS genotypes and CC groups; there are statistically significant differences in the distribution of virulence factors among GBS strains with different MLST genotypes (p<0.05); GBS shows high sensitivity to penicillin drugs and can still be used as the preferred medication for the prevention and treatment of GBS infection.…”
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Vibrio parahaemolyticus: The protagonist of foodborne diseases by Vengadesh Letchumanan, Ke-Yan Loo, Jodi Woan-Fei Law, Sunny Hei Wong, Bey-Hing Goh, Nurul-Syakima Ab Mutalib, Learn-Han Lee

“…V. parahaemolyticus infection occurs as a result of improper food handling and preparation, ability of the bacterium to withstand human gut to launch virulence, antibiotic resistant bacterium, and failure of regulatory bodies to safe-guard food quality. …”
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Future Directions and Molecular Basis of Ventilator Associated Pneumonia by Kubra Aykac, Yasemin Ozsurekci, Sevgen Tanir Basaranoglu

“…All of the bacteria have different pathogenesis due to their different virulence factors and host reactions. This review article focused on mechanisms of VAP with molecular pathogenesis of the causative bacteria one by one from the literature. …”
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Differential proinflammatory responses of colon epithelial cells to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide by Yılmaz Aysegul, Turk Seyhan, Malkan Ümit Yavuz, Haznedaroglu İbrahim Celalettin, Ucar Gulberk, Ozguven Sukru Volkan, Turk Can

“…The study aims to compare the proinflammatory responses of colon epithelial cells to two potent virulence factors: lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2. …”
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Morpho-cultural, pathogenic, and genetic characterization of Indian isolates of Macrophomina phaseolina causing charcoal rot in soybean by Laxman Singh Rajput, Sanjeev Kumar, Kriti Pathak, Palak Acharya, Divyanshu Goswami, Vennampally Nataraj, Maranna Shivakumar, Hemant Singh Maheshwari, Saloni Mandloi, Sapna Jaiswal, Asha Yadav, Raksha Vishwakarma

“…Pathogenic variability analysis has revealed region specific most virulent isolate from diverse agroecological regions of India. …”
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Dissemination of clinical Escherichia coli harboring the mcr-1 gene in Pakistan by Sabahat Abdullah, Sabahat Abdullah, Muhammad Ahmad Mushtaq, Kalim Ullah, Brekhna Hassan, Mariya Azam, Mariya Azam, Muhammad Asif Zahoor, Juan Wang, Jianzhen Xu, Mark A. Toleman, Mashkoor Mohsin

“…The Achtman MLST typing scheme revealed a large diversity of STs among the mcr-1-positive E. coli. VirulenceFinder analysis revealed the presence of numerous virulence factors ranging from 4 to 19.ConclusionOur study revealed the emergence and dissemination of colistin-resistant E. coli isolates carrying mcr-1 in hospital settings, posing a potential risk to anti-infective therapy. …”
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The palmitoyl-CoA ligase Fum16 is part of a Fusarium verticillioides fumonisin subcluster involved in self-protection by Fabio Gherlone, Katarina Jojić, Ying Huang, Sandra Hoefgen, Vito Valiante, Slavica Janevska

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Convergent origin and accelerated evolution of vesicle-associated RhoGAP proteins in two unrelated parasitoid wasps by Colinet, Dominique, Cavigliasso, Fanny, Leobold, Matthieu, Pichon, Apolline, Urbach, Serge, Cazes, Dominique, Poullet, Marine, Belghazi, Maya, Volkoff, Anne-Nathalie, Drezen, Jean-Michel, Gatti, Jean-Luc, Poirié, Marylène

“…We show that the gene encoding the cellular RacGAP1 is at the origin of the virulent RhoGAP families found in Leptopilina sp. and V. canescens. …”
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Neonatal and Infantile Immune Responses to Encapsulated Bacteria and Conjugate Vaccines by Peter Klein Klouwenberg, Louis Bont

“…The major components on the surface of these bacteria are polysaccharides which are important virulence factors. Immunity against these components protects against disease. …”
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A bacterial type III effector hijacks plant ubiquitin proteases to evade degradation. by Wenjia Yu, Meng Li, Wenjun Wang, Haiyan Zhuang, Jiamin Luo, Yuying Sang, Cecile Segonzac, Alberto P Macho

“…Despite the fact that bacterial effectors are exogenous threatening proteins potentially exposed to the protein degradation systems inside plant cells, effectors are relative stable and able to perform their virulence functions. In this work, we found that RipE1, an effector protein secreted by the bacterial wilt pathogen, Ralstonia solanacearum, undergoes phosphorylation of specific residues inside plant cells, and this promotes its stability. …”
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Interactions of the Intestinal Epithelium with the Pathogen and the Indigenous Microbiota: A Three-Way Crosstalk by C. V. Srikanth, Beth A. McCormick

“…On the other hand, despite the existence of several lines of mucosal defense mechanisms, pathogenic organisms such as Shigella and Salmonella have evolved sophisticated virulence strategies for breaching these barriers. …”
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Développement de résistances chez les animaux alors que l’antibiotique ne leur a pas été administré by Madec, Jean-Yves

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Diagnosis and Treatment of Paracoccidioidomycosis in the Maxillofacial Region: A Report of 5 Cases by Antonio Dionízio De Albuquerque Neto, André Vitor Alves Araújo, Daniel Assunção Cerqueira, Lorenzzo De Angeli Cesconetto, Nilton Provenzano, Eder Magno Ferreira de Oliveira

“…Manifestation of this disease depends on numerous factors, such as microorganism virulence, hormonal profile, genetic predisposition, nutrition, and immune system. …”
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The Potential of Secondary Metabolites in Medicinal Plants as Anti–Quorum Sensing in Biofilms: A Comprehensive Review by Salsabila Aqila Putri, Euis Julaeha, Natsuko Kagawa, Dikdik Kurnia

“…Quorum sensing plays a role for competition, virulence, resistance, and pathogenesis. Quorum sensing produces signaling response called as autoinducers. …”
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Effective anti-adhesives of uropathogenic Escherichia coli by Ribić Rosana, Meštrović Tomislav, Neuberg Marijana, Kozina Goran

“…Although UPEC may harbour a plethora of virulence factors, type I fimbriae and P pili are two of the most studied adhesive organelles, since the attachment to host cells in the urinary tract is a crucial step towards infection. …”
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Evaluation of twin-arginine translocation substrate proteins as potential antigen candidates for serodiagnosis of brucellosis by Yao Wu, Yao Wu, Xin Yan, Mingjun Sun, Xiaohan Guo, Jiaqi Li, Xiangxiang Sun, Xiangxiang Sun, Mengda Liu, Mengda Liu, Haobo Zhang, Haobo Zhang, Wenlong Nan, Weixing Shao, Fangkun Wang, Xiaoxu Fan, Xiaoxu Fan, Shufang Sun

“…The twin-arginine translocation (Tat) pathway is responsible for transporting folded proteins across the cytoplasmic membrane and has been implicated in the virulence of Brucella. Three Tat substrate proteins—L,D-transpeptidase ErfK (A0577), linear amide C-N hydrolase YxeI (A1479), and thioesterase domain-containing protein EntF (B0249)—contribute significantly to Brucella virulence. …”
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Niobium Uptake and Release by Bacterial Ferric Ion Binding Protein by Yanbo Shi, Ian Harvey, Dominic Campopiano, Peter J. Sadler

“…Ferric ion binding proteins (Fbps) transport FeIII across the periplasm and are vital for the virulence of many Gram negative bacteria. Iron(III) is tightly bound in a hinged binding cleft with octahedral coordination geometry involving binding to protein side chains (including tyrosinate residues) together with a synergistic anion such as phosphate. …”
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Tandem Mass Spectrometry Detection of Quorum Sensing Activity in Multidrug Resistant Clinical Isolate Acinetobacter baumannii by Kok-Gan Chan, Huey Jia Cheng, Jian Woon Chen, Wai-Fong Yin, Yun Fong Ngeow

“…AHL-dependent QS is often associated with regulation of diverse bacterial phenotypes including the expression of virulence factors. With the use of biosensor and high resolution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, the AHL production of clinical isolate A. baumannii 4KT was studied. …”
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The Clinical Understaging of Recurrent Glottic Carcinoma after Radiation Failure by Moustafa Mourad, Sami P. Moubayed, Ilya Likhterov, Mark Urken

“…Difficulties in appropriate tumor mapping, preoperative analysis, and poor understanding of the virulent pathologic nature of the recurrence may impede surgical decision-making. …”
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