Virally-initiated pain states: phenotypes, mechanisms, and future directions by Sara A. Dochnal, Steven P. Cohen, Mark R. Hutchinson, Mark R. Hutchinson, Mark R. Hutchinson, Yury I. Miller, Tony L. Yaksh

“…These virally induced pain states can arise through direct viral replication within neurons, or indirectly, via immune responses to infection in both the contexts of afferent signaling in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) or subsequent higher order integration in intracranial systems. …”
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Construction of oncolytic reporter influenza viral vectors and assessment of their safety following intracranial administration in rats by A. A. Pulkina, A. S. Mustafaeva, E. A. Romanovskaya-Romanko, M. A. Plotnikova, O. O. Ozhereleva, M. A. Shuklina, L. N. Kiseleva, Y. S. Alekseeva, N. S. Kurmazov, A. R. Muslimov, A.-P.S. Shurygina, M. A. Stukova

“…CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that a chemiluminescent influenza A virus strain can induce transgene expression at the site of intracranial injection without active viral replication.…”
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RIOK1/2 Negatively Regulates the Antiviral Response by Targeting TBK1 in Yellow Catfish (<i>Pelteobagrus fulvidraco</i>) by Kejun Liu, Jiayang Huang, Yuting Gui, Qian Li, Lei Zhang, Shuting Xiong

“…Our findings reveal that the overexpression of PfRIOK1 and PfRIOK2 led to the decreased expression of IFN-related genes and enhanced viral replication in vitro. Additionally, PfRIOK1 and PfRIOK2 could inhibit PfTBK1-mediated antiviral responses in infected cells. …”
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The Role of Ubiquitin-Like Interferon (IFN)-Stimulated 15 and IFN Gamma Genes Polymorphism with the Severity and Serum Biochemical Markers in COVID-19 Patients by Khadijah Gatfan Hosseien, Parisa Tahmasebi, Hayder Obayes Hashim, Alaa Tareq Shakir, Zahra Bozorgi Moghadam

“…These ISGs are powerful and rapid type 1 interferon (IFN)-stimulated response proteins that suppress viral replication. IFN-gamma (IFN-γ) is a kind of cytokine that plays a significant role in both the induction and regulation of a wide variety of immune responses. …”
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A Computational Study on Selected Alkaloids as SARS-CoV-2 Inhibitors: PASS Prediction, Molecular Docking, ADMET Analysis, DFT, and Molecular Dynamics Simulations by Md. Golam Mortuza, Md Abul Hasan Roni, Ajoy Kumer, Suvro Biswas, Md. Abu Saleh, Shirmin Islam, Samia Sadaf, Fahmida Akther

“…Here, our main objective is to find potential lead compounds from the retrieved alkaloids with antiviral and other biological properties that selectively target the main SARS-CoV-2 protease (Mpro), which is required for viral replication. In this work, 252 alkaloids were aligned using Lipinski’s rule of five and their antiviral activity was then assessed. …”
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Comparison of air-liquid interface transwell and airway organoid models for human respiratory virus infection studies by Camilla T. Ekanger, Camilla T. Ekanger, Camilla T. Ekanger, Nilima Dinesh Kumar, Rosanne W. Koutstaal, Fan Zhou, Martin Beukema, Joanna Waldock, Simon P. Jochems, Noa Mulder, Cécile A. C. M. van Els, Cécile A. C. M. van Els, Othmar G. Engelhardt, Nathalie Mantel, Kevin P. Buno, Karl Albert Brokstad, Karl Albert Brokstad, Agnete S. T. Engelsen, Agnete S. T. Engelsen, Rebecca J. Cox, Rebecca J. Cox, Barbro N. Melgert, Barbro N. Melgert, Anke L. W. Huckriede, Puck B. van Kasteren

“…We observed similar viral replication kinetics with a &gt;4-log increase in virus titre across all models using a TCID50 assay. …”
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Investigating the reassortment potential and pathogenicity of the S segment in Akabane virus using a reverse genetics system by Eun-Jee Na, Chang-Gi Jeong, Su-Beom Chae, Jae-Ku Oem

“…In this study, changes in viral replication and pathogenicity were investigated, particularly when the S segment of AKAV-7 was mutated using a T7 RNA polymerase-based reverse genetics (RG) system. …”
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Novel cycloviruses identified by mining human blood metagenomic data show close relationship to those from animals by Yuanqing Wang, Yuanqing Wang, Xiaojie Jiang, Yuan Xi, Siqi Wei, Songyi Ning, Wen Zhang, Wen Zhang

“…These proteins are crucial for viral replication and host-cell interaction: the Rep protein is involved in initiating viral genome replication, while the Capsid protein plays a key role in the assembly of new virions and the virus's ability to interact with host immune systems. …”
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Temporal and spatial characterization of keratinocytes supporting orf virus replication by Byung-Joon Seung, Sushil Khatiwada, Daniel L. Rock, Gustavo Delhon

“…This marker profile suggests that keratinocytes supportive of viral replication are engaged in advanced keratinocyte differentiation rather than proliferation.…”
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The Efficacy of Chimeric Antigen Therapy in Viral Infectious Diseases: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials by Hossein Hatami, Elnaz Ataei, Mohammadjavad Nasiri, Hamed Ghorani

“…The aforementioned results demonstrate the efficacy of CAR T-cell therapy in targeting viral antigens and inhibiting viral replication, providing possible treatment options for long-term infectious illnesses like HIV, HBV, and CMV. …”
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Hepatitis B virus genotypes A1 and A2 have distinct replication phenotypes due to polymorphisms in the HBx gene. by Min Zhang, Karim Mouzannar, Zhensheng Zhang, Yuji Teraoka, Jason Piotrowski, Yuji Ishida, Chise Tateno-Mukaidani, Takeshi Saito, Hiromi Abe-Chayama, Kazuaki Chayama, T Jake Liang

“…Subtype A2 showed a much higher viral replication level than that of subtype A1. Mechanistic investigations using constructs with chimeric A1/A2 sequences and specific mutations indicated that subtype A2 has an inherently higher replication phenotype due to specific polymorphisms in the HBx gene resulting in amino acid variations. …”
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Computational design of potent dimeric phenylthiazole NS5A inhibitors for hepatitis C virus by Wissal Liman, Mehdi Oubahmane, Nouhaila Ait Lahcen, Ismail Hdoufane, Driss Cherqaoui, Rachid Daoud, Achraf El Allali

“…The nonstructural protein NS5A is crucial in the life cycle of the HCV, serving as a significant factor in both viral replication and assembly processes. This significance is highlighted by its inclusion in all existing approved HCV combination therapies. …”
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Post-translational modifications as a key mechanism for herpes simplex virus type I evasion of host innate immunity by Yongxing Zhang, Junlei Xie, Ying Feng, Abdul Qadeer, Shanni Li, Xu Deng, Lipeng Zhu, Bo Kong, Zanxian Xia, Zanxian Xia

“…These modifications are essential for suppressing host innate immunity, facilitating viral replication, and elucidating the crosstalk among various post-translational modifications.…”
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The structural basis of protective and nonprotective human monoclonal antibodies targeting the parainfluenza virus type 3 hemagglutinin-neuraminidase by Rose J. Miller, Ian A. Durie, Aaron D. Gingerich, Mohamed A. Elbehairy, Abigail G. Branch, Riley G. Davis, Nada Abbadi, Melinda A. Brindley, Jarrod J. Mousa

“…The potent Site 2-directed mAb demonstrated clinical efficacy in hamsters, reducing viral replication prophylactically and therapeutically. …”
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Virtual Screening for Potential Inhibitors of NS3 Protein of Zika Virus by Maheswata Sahoo, Lingaraja Jena, Sangeeta Daf, Satish Kumar

“…The protease activity of NS3 is necessary for viral replication and its prohibition could be considered as a strategy for treatment of ZIKV infection. …”
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Infidelity of SARS-CoV Nsp14-exonuclease mutant virus replication is revealed by complete genome sequencing. by Lance D Eckerle, Michelle M Becker, Rebecca A Halpin, Kelvin Li, Eli Venter, Xiaotao Lu, Sana Scherbakova, Rachel L Graham, Ralph S Baric, Timothy B Stockwell, David J Spiro, Mark R Denison

“…The results define a novel genetic and bioinformatics model for introduction and identification of multi-allelic mutations in replication competent viruses that will be powerful tools for testing the effects of decreased fidelity and increased quasispecies diversity on viral replication, pathogenesis, and evolution.…”
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The Impact of Zinc Supplementation on the Course of Infections by Justyna Woźniak, Ewelina Kopczyńska, Piotr Kulej, Wiktor Biesiada, Justyna Weronika Kmieć, Anna-Mariia Chernysh, Aleksandra Dusińska, Jakub Waszczyński, Kamila Fuczyło, Karolina Stankevič

“…Zinc also destabilized microbial membranes, inhibiting bacterial and viral replication, including multi-drug-resistant strains. …”
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Synthesis and Antiviral Evaluation of 5-(4-Aryl-1,3-butadiyn-1-yl)-uridines and Their Phosphoramidate Pronucleotides by Evan Saillard, Otmane Bourzikat, Koffi Assa, Vincent Roy, Luigi A. Agrofoglio

“…The emergence of RNA viruses driven by global population growth and international trade highlights the urgent need for effective antiviral agents that can inhibit viral replication. Nucleoside analogs, which mimic natural nucleotides, have shown promise in targeting RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RdRps). …”
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In Silico and In Vitro Inhibitory Activity of Indonesian Herbal Compound Extracts against SARS-COV-2 Recombinant Papain-Like Protease by Fairuz Andini Fatiningtyas, Riswanto Napitupulu, Amarila Malik, Is Helianti

“… The SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease (PLpro) is essential for viral replication and a promising target for drug discovery. …”
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Structural and free energy landscape analysis for the discovery of antiviral compounds targeting the cap-binding domain of influenza polymerase PB2 by Amr S. Abouzied, Saad Alqarni, Kareem M. Younes, Sanad M. Alanazi, Dana M. Alrsheed, Rawabi K. Alhathal, Bader Huwaimel, Akram M. Elkashlan

“…The polymerase basic protein 2 (PB2) of the influenza virus plays a crucial role in the viral replication process, making the CAP-binding domain of PB2 an attractive target for antiviral drug development. …”
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