The R203M and D377Y mutations of the nucleocapsid protein promote SARS-CoV-2 infectivity by impairing RIG-I-mediated antiviral signaling. by Yongkui Li, Moran Li, Heng Xiao, Feng Liao, Miaomiao Shen, Weiwei Ge, Junxian Ou, Yuqing Liu, Lumiao Chen, Yue Zhao, Pin Wan, Jinbiao Liu, Jun Chen, Xianwu Lan, Shaorong Wu, Qiang Ding, Geng Li, Qiwei Zhang, Pan Pan

“…The R203M/D377Y mutations thus enhanced the suppressive activity of the N protein on RIG-I-mediated interferon induction both in vitro and in vivo, which in turn promoted viral replication. This study helps to understand the variability of SARS-CoV-2 in regulating host immunity.…”
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Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections in Infants Affected by Primary Immunodeficiency by Marcello Lanari, Silvia Vandini, Maria Grazia Capretti, Tiziana Lazzarotto, Giacomo Faldella

“…Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the most frequent pathogens during early infancy and the infection is more severe in immunocompromised infants than in healthy infants, as a result of impaired T- and B-cell immune response unable to efficaciously neutralize viral replication, with subsequent increased viral shedding and potentially lethal lower respiratory tract infection. …”
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Diagnosis of bovine viral diarrhea in Bubalus bubalis dairy farms by Oriana Gavidia, Rosaura Pérez-Gil

“…These results show a humoral immune response against potential BVD infections (regardless of the milk yield) since p80 is a non-structural protein that manifests during viral replication. Therefore, it is suggested to implement sanitary plans for the control of BVDV to minimize the economic losses associated with the disease. …”
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Therapeutic Approaches in COVID-19 Patients: The Role of the Renin-Angiotensin System by Farzaneh Ketabchi, Sina Jamzad

“…Thus, inhibition of ACE2 can prevent viral entry and reduce viral replication in host cells. The benefits of bradykinin inhibitors (BKs) have been reported in some COVID-19 clinical trials. …”
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Investigating Pb2 CAP-binding domain inhibitors from marine bacteria for targeting the influenza A H5N1. by Taha A Kumosani, Aymn T Abbas, Balogun Basheer, Ahmed M Hassan, Soonham S Yaghmoor, Areej H Alyahiby, Amer H Asseri, Vivek Dhar Dwivedi, Esam I Azhar

“…This study employs an in-silico approach to inhibit this domain, crucial for viral replication, using potential inhibitors derived from marine bacterial compounds. …”
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Gemcitabine combined with baicalein exerts antiviral activity against PEDV by inhibiting the entry and replication phases by Yingge Zheng, Yanfei Zhang, Fangying Xiong, Dehua Luo, Yuxiang Wang, Yijia Zhang, Dengguo Wei

“…In this study, we found that the nucleoside analog gemcitabine decreased the titer of PEDV, with a median effective concentration (EC50) of 3.12 μM, thereby inhibiting viral replication. The natural product baicalein acts by targeting the early entry stage and directly inactivates the virus, with an EC50 of 5.02 μM. …”
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Cardiac Function Remains Impaired Despite Reversible Cardiac Remodeling after Acute Experimental Viral Myocarditis by Peter Moritz Becher, Frauke Gotzhein, Karin Klingel, Felicitas Escher, Stefan Blankenberg, Dirk Westermann, Diana Lindner

“…Subsequently, we analyzed viral burden and viral replication in the cardiac tissue as well as the expression of cytokines and matrix proteins. …”
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Identification of Mutations that Encode Drug Resistance in the Polymerase Gene of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus by Zhengxian Gu, Hengsheng Fang, Horacio Salomon, Qing Gao, Mark A Wainberg

“…These mutations were introduced into the pol gene of infectious recombinant HXB2-D DNA by site-directed mutagenesis to confirm, by viral replication assay, their importance in conferring resistance against these drugs. …”
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Current Views of Torque Teno Virus (TTV) in Liver Diseases by I. V. Maev, T. I. Karlovich, A. I. Burmistrov, I. A. Chekmazov, D. N. Andreev, V. I. Reshetnyak

“…Particular biochemical and histological changes in hepatic tissue and bile duct epithelium are reported for TTV monoinfection, which suggest viral replication in hepatocytes. At the same time, no cytopathic effects inherent in pathogenic hepatotropic viruses were revealed in hybridisation assays with TTV-infected cells. …”
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Recent advances in nutritional metabolism studies on SARS-CoV-2 infection by Yufen Jiang, Linle Xu, Xuexing Zheng, Hongbo Shi

“…Fat is crucial for viral replication, and imbalances in amino acid metabolism may interfere with immune regulation. …”
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Identification of G-quadruplex-forming Sequences in Nucleocapsid Gene of SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern: An In Silico Analysis by Saeedeh Ghazaey Zidanloo

“…Therefore, due to the loss of this important PQS or indeed an obstacle to viral replication, the Delta variant could exhibit higher reproduction and pathogenicity than other variants of concern.…”
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Research progress on the antiviral immune regulation of ubiquitin ligase F-box family by MENG Xiangbo, LI Tianqi, ZHANG Tong

“…Additionally, some FBPs can recognize and degrade viral proteins via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, thereby inhibiting viral replication and transmission. However, viruses can hijack FBPs to promote the degradation of immunogenic host proteins, resulting in immune evasion. …”
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Prevalence of HDV, HCV, and HIV Infection in the Population of Patients Infected with HBV in a Romanian Cohort by Antoanela Curici, Olivia Mioara Ilie, Dana Elena Mindru

“…Chronic HBV infection was identified in 13.2% of the cohort, with 3.6% testing positive for HBeAg, indicating active viral replication. Co-infection rates were 11.3% for HDV, 1.4% for HCV, and 0.45% for HIV. …”
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The Potential Use of the CRISPR-Cas System for HIV-1 Gene Therapy by Gabriela De Nardi Sanches-da-Silva, Luiza Fonseca Sales Medeiros, Fabio Mitsuo Lima

“…The strategies encompass all steps of the viral infection cycle, from inhibition of cell invasion, through viral replication and integration inhibition, to excision of the latent provirus. …”
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Establishment of Gill-Derived Primary Cell Cultures from Largemouth Bass (<i>Micropterus salmoides</i>) as an Alternative Platform for Studying Host–Virus Interactions by Ziwen Wang, Li Nie, Chenjie Fei, Jiong Chen

“…Gill tissues were enzymatically dissociated, and their cells were cultured in M199 supplemented with 20% fetal bovine serum at 25 °C, yielding optimal growth. Viral replication within these primary cells was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy, and further qRT-PCR demonstrated the upregulation of antiviral genes (<i>IFN1</i>, <i>Mx1</i>, <i>ISG15</i>, and <i>Viperin</i>). …”
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The Strategies Used by Animal Viruses to Antagonize Host Antiviral Innate Immunity: New Clues for Developing Live Attenuated Vaccines (LAVs) by Na Chen, Baoge Zhang

“…In addition, viruses also do this by antagonizing host restriction factors targeting the viral replication cycle. Beyond that, viruses may antagonize via regulating apoptosis, metabolic pathways, and stress granule formation. …”
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An XBB.1.5-based inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine partially protects against XBB.1.5 and JN.1 strains in hamsters by Ryuta Uraki, Mutsumi Ito, Maki Kiso, Kiyoko Iwatsuki-Horimoto, Masafumi Endo, Seiya Yamayoshi, Yoshihiro Kawaoka

“…In addition, we found that immunization reduced viral replication in hamster respiratory organs, suggesting protection against XBB.1.5 and JN.1 variants. …”
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Recent developments in the therapeutics of SARS-CoV-2 infection by Priyanka Nagu, Arun Parashar, Pankaj Sharma, Vineet Mehta

“…Herbal molecules, characterized by their diverse bioactive constituents, exhibit antiviral properties that could be harnessed to mitigate SARS symptoms and inhibit viral replication. Ocimum sanctum, Tinospora cordifolia, Zingiber officinale, Curcuma longa, Panax ginseng, and Aloe vera have been identified for their immunomodulatory effects. …”
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NSm is a critical determinant for bunyavirus transmission between vertebrate and mosquito hosts by Selim Terhzaz, David Kerrigan, Floriane Almire, Agnieszka M. Szemiel, Joseph Hughes, Jean-Philippe Parvy, Massimo Palmarini, Alain Kohl, Xiaohong Shi, Emilie Pondeville

“…Using as experimental system Bunyamwera virus (BUNV) and its invertebrate host, Aedes aegypti, we show that NSm is dispensable for viral replication in mosquito cells in vitro but is absolutely required for successful infection in the female mosquito following a blood meal. …”
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Epstein-Barr virus reactivation induces divergent abortive, reprogrammed, and host shutoff states by lytic progression. by Elliott D SoRelle, Lauren E Haynes, Katherine A Willard, Beth Chang, James Ch'ng, Heather Christofk, Micah A Luftig

“…These data reveal previously unknown and promiscuous outcomes of lytic reactivation with broad implications for viral replication and EBV-associated oncogenesis.…”
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