Prevalence of common diarrheagenic enterobacteriaceae in Iran (2000–2023): a systematic review and meta-analysis by Mozhgan Derakhshan-Sefidi, Fereshteh Eidy, Somayyeh Nadi-Ravandi, Sareh Bagheri-Josheghani, Maryam Mirfakhraei

“…To explore potential sources of heterogeneity, subgroup analysis and meta-regression analysis were performed. …”
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Clinical Efficacy of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Combined with Cognitive Training on Patients with Post Stroke Cognitive Impairment： A Meta-Analysis by LIU Changxing, GUO Xinyi, CHANG Xiang

“…If <italic>P</italic>≥0.10 and <italic>I</italic>²≤50%, a fixed effects model would be used, and if <italic>P</italic>&lt;0.10 and <italic>I</italic>²&gt;50%, a random effects model would be used.ResultsA total of 23 RCTs with 1 788 patients were included, 895 patients in the control group and 893 patients in the experimental group. (1) MoCA scores: subgroup analyses by different treatments in the control group showed that MoCA scores in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group [<italic>MD</italic>=1.78, 95% <italic>CI </italic>(1.18, 2.38), <italic>P</italic>&lt;0.000 1; <italic>MD</italic>=3.30, 95% <italic>CI </italic>(3.01,3.58), <italic>P</italic>&lt;0.000 01]; subgroup analyses by stimulation frequency showed that MoCA scores in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group [<italic>MD</italic>=3.49, 95% <italic>CI</italic> (3.40, 3.57), <italic>P</italic>&lt;0.000 01; <italic>MD</italic>=3.16, 95% <italic>CI</italic> (2.79, 3.53), <italic>P</italic>&lt;0.000 01]. (2) MMSE score: compared with the control group, MMSE score in the experimental group was higher [<italic>MD</italic>=2.14, 95% <italic>CI</italic> (1.14, 3.15), <italic>P</italic>&lt;0.000 1; <italic>MD</italic>=3.16, 95% <italic>CI</italic> (2.71, 3.60), <italic>P</italic>&lt;0.000 01]. (3) ADL score: compared with the control group, ADL score in the experimental group was higher [<italic>MD</italic>=10.78, 95% <italic>CI</italic> (9.18, 12.38), <italic>P</italic>&lt;0.000 01; <italic>MD</italic>=8.23, 95% <italic>CI</italic> (7.04, 9.41), <italic>P</italic>&lt;0.000 01]. (4) RBMT score: compared with the control group, RBMT score in the experimental group was higher [<italic>MD</italic>=2.00, 95% <italic>CI</italic> (1.37, 2.63), <italic>P</italic>&lt;0.000 01].ConclusionrTMS combined with cognitive training can improve cognitive function, intelligence state, behavioral memory ability and activities of daily living of stroke patients, which is recommended for clinical application.…”
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Association between stroke and fracture and the mediating role of depression: a cross-sectional study from NHANES 2017 to 2020 by Yuqin Dan, Xuewen Pei, Danghan Xu, Zhaoxi Liu, Yuqi Wang, Meng Yin, Li Li, Gongchang Yu, Gongchang Yu

“…Subgroup analysis revealed significant associations with gender, race, osteoporosis, and depression. …”
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Elevated Serum Extracellular Vesicle‐Packaged SPARC in Hypertension: A Cross‐Sectional Study in a Middle‐Aged and Elderly Population by Xueying Chen, Han Guo, Xinwei Li, Yang Liu, Xinxin Li, Zhengshuo Cui, Huijuan Ma, Jianxun He, Zhechun Zeng, Huina Zhang

“…Multivariate logistic regression analysis determined the association of serum EV‐derived SPARC levels with hypertension. Interaction subgroup analysis was used to evaluate the interaction of the relevant baselines on the association between serum EV‐derived SPARC levels and hypertension. …”
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Association between estimated glucose disposal rate and cardiovascular diseases in patients with diabetes or prediabetes: a cross-sectional study by Jinhao Liao, Linjie Wang, Lian Duan, Fengying Gong, Huijuan Zhu, Hui Pan, Hongbo Yang

“…We applied ROC curves, C-statistics, NRI, IDI, calibration curves, and DCA curves to assess model performance. Subgroup analyses were conducted to investigate the association among different subgroups. …”
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Impact of diabetes on clinical outcome of patients with heart failure undergoing ICD and CRT procedures: results from the German Device Registry by Elif Kaya, Jochen Senges, Matthias Hochadel, Lars Eckardt, Dietrich Andresen, Hüseyin Ince, Stefan G. Spitzer, Thomas Kleemann, Sebastian S.K. Maier, Werner Jung, Christoph Stellbrink, Tienush Rassaf, Reza Wakili

“…Patients' characteristics, procedural data, periprocedural complications, and post‐procedural clinical outcome, including a composite clinical endpoint of all‐cause mortality, stroke, and myocardial infarction (MACCE), were analysed. Subgroup analysis were performed for ICD and CRT implantations. …”
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The effectiveness of digital technology-based Otago Exercise Program on balance ability, muscle strength and fall efficacy in the elderly: a systematic review and meta-analysis by Zihao He, Hua Wu, Guanggao Zhao, Yiming Zhang, Chao Li, Yachen Xing, Anjie Xu, Junchao Yang, Ronghui Wang

“…Abstract Objective To explore the impact of the digital implementation of the Otago Exercise Program (OEP) on balance ability (static and dynamic), muscle strength, and fall efficacy in elderly people; and analyze different potential influencing factors in subgroups to find the most suitable training plan. …”
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Discontinuation of immune checkpoint inhibitors for reasons other than disease progression and the impact on relapse and survival of advanced melanoma patients. A systematic review... by Konstantinos Lallas, Eftychia Chatziioannou, Derya Durak, Georg Frey, Lina Maria Serna-Higuita, Marie-Lena Rasch, Athanassios Kyrgidis, Eleni Timotheadou, Zoe Apalla, Ulrike Leiter, Lukas Flatz, Lukas Flatz, Aimilios Lallas, Teresa Amaral, Teresa Amaral

“…Random-effects models were preferred, and subgroup and sensitivity analyses were conducted to investigate possible sources of heterogeneity.Results38 and 35 studies were included in qualitative and quantitative synthesis, respectively. …”
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Chronic limb-threatening ischemia under the age of 50 – a single-center 12-year retrospective study by Inês Gueifão, Anita Quintas, Rita Soares Ferreira, Fábio Pais, Tiago Ribeiro, Joana Cardoso, Helena Fidalgo, Maria Emília Ferreira

“…Median AFS was 4.7 years (IQR 0.8-7.8). Subgroup analysis comparing diabetic and non-diabetic patients and endovascular vs. open surgery were performed. …”
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Impact of Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 Inhibitors on Lipoprotein(a) by Frederick Berro Rivera, MD, Sung Whoy Cha, MD, Cruz Linnaeus Louisse, MD, Genquen Philip Carado, MD, John Vincent Magalong, MD, Vincent Anthony Tang, MD, Mary Grace Enriquez, MD, Martha Gulati, MD, MS, Byambaa Enkhmaa, MD, PhD, Neha Pagidipati, MD, MPH, Nishant P. Shah, MD

“…Factors associated with the treatment effect were determined by meta-regression analysis. Subgroup analyses were done to explore potential treatment effect differences. …”
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Integrated analysis of the prevalence and influencing factors of poststroke dysphagia by Xiaopeng Wen, Baochao Fan, Jie Zhan, Hao Wen, Huihui Ban, Yujiao Yang, Chenyang Tao, Cui Li, Kunbin Li, Liming Lu

“…Results Among 95 studies of 1,059,969 patients, the overall pooled estimated prevalence of PSD was 38.57% (95% CI 35.45–41.69%). Subgroup analysis reveals that South America has the highest prevalence of PSD at 52.30% (95% CI 41.15–63.46%). …”
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Efficacy and safety of gut microbiome-targeted treatment in patients with depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis by Bo Pan, Yiming Pan, Yu-Song Huang, Meng Yi, Yuwei Hu, Xiaoyu Lian, Hui-Zhong Shi, Mingwei Wang, Guifen Xiang, Wen-Yi Yang, Zhong Liu, Fangfang Xia

“…A meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of MTT. Comprehensive subgroup analyses were undertaken to explore factors influencing MTT’s efficacy in treating depression. …”
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Association of glucose to lymphocyte ratio with the risk of death in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease by Jinglin Lei, Wentao Duan, Xiaoxi Yao, Zheng Hu, Huihui Fan, Yifan Liu, Wenjian Zhong, Haipeng Li

“…When GLR ≥ 3.13 for all-cause mortality, there was a significant positive correlation with all-cause mortality (HR 1.13, 95% CI 1.09–1.17). Subgroup analysis revealed a positive association between GLR and CVD mortality across most subgroups, but the correlation between GLR and CVD mortality was weaker compared to its association with all-cause mortality. …”
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Risk of All-Cause Mortality in Mild Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Evidence From the NHANES III and 2007&ndash;2012 by Zou W, Ou J, Wu F, Xiao S, Deng Z, Li H, Wang Z, Tang G, Liu S, Ye D, Zhu D, Hu J, Ran P

“…These results suggest the need for appropriate management of different subgroups with mild COPD.Keywords: mild COPD, all-cause mortality, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD…”
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Association between exposure to perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances with estimated glomerular filtration rate: Mediating role of serum albumin by Hua Fang, Huajing Chang, Danjing Chen, Wenxin Qiu, Jiangwang Fang, Yunli Wu, Xian-E. Peng

“…PFOA (aOR = 1.21, 95 % CI: 1.1–1.32), PFOS (aOR = 1.2, 95 % CI: 1.12–1.29), and PFHxS (aOR = 1.13, 95 % CI: 1.05–1.21) were positively correlated with the risk of decreased renal function. Subgroup analyses indicated that individuals ≤ 45 years, females and other races were more sensitive. …”
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Efficacy of TIPS plus extrahepatic collateral embolisation in real-world data: a validation study by Chao Chen, Feng Zhang, Hao Wu, Wei Wu, Hui Xue, Yuzheng Zhuge, Chunqing Zhang, Guangchuan Wang, Zhengjie Li, Qiong Wu, Bo Wei, Jun Tie, Xiubin Sun, Lianhui Zhao, Yifu Xia, Jiao Xu, Peijie Li

“…Significantly, TIPS+E also reduced rebleeding, HE and FDC in subgroup of using 8 mm diameter stents and embolising of gastric varices+spontaneous portosystemic shunts (GV+SPSS). …”
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Air pollution exposure and prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and related cirrhosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis by Xingyi He, Shipeng Zhang, Qinglin Bai, Moshen Pan, Yanjie Jiang, Weiwei Liu, Wei Li, Yuanyuan Gong, Xueping Li

“…The meta-analysis aimed to determine the association between air pollution exposure and NAFLD risk. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on regional economic development after adjusting for confounding factors. …”
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Plateau hypoxia improves tumor immune microenvironment and inhibits subcutaneous tumor growth of colorectal cancer by ZHAO Sijie, WANG Meng, GAO Yuan

“…When compared with the immune cells from the tumor mass of the plain normoxic C57BL/6 mice， the percentage of M2-type macrophages was reduced in the tumor tissue from the plateau hypoxic mice（22.13% vs 15.90%， P<0.05）， so was that of MDSC （2.06% vs 1.05%， P<0.01）， particularly in the monocytic （M）-MDSC subgroup （60.97% vs 41.13%， P<0.01）. While， no significant change was observed in the proportion of the polymorphonuclear （PMN）-MDSC subgroup （10.97% vs 9.70%， P>0.05）. …”
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Health-related quality of life and health state utility value in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis by Guixiang Zhao, Siyuan Lei, Ya Li, Zhenzhen Feng, Jiansheng Li

“…After two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted the data, and evaluated the risk of bias in the included studies, pooled analysis was performed on the measurement tools adopted in more than two studies. Subgroup analysis was employed to explore the source of heterogeneity, and sensitivity analysis was used to assess the robustness of the results. …”
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Higher levels of oxidative balance score linked to lower risk of gallstones: findings from the 2017–2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey by Ting Xiong, Ting Xiong, Ting Xiong, Zhonghuo Chen, Zhonghuo Chen, Zhonghuo Chen, Jianwei Yi, Jianwei Yi, Jianwei Yi, Taozhi Yu, Taozhi Yu, Taozhi Yu, Kai Wang, Kai Wang, Kai Wang, Kai Wang

“…The findings of the subgroup analyses exhibited considerable consistency.ConclusionThis study identified a significant negative linear association between OBS and gallstone risk, suggesting that higher OBS levels are associated with a reduced likelihood of gallstone formation.…”
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