A case study of newly tunnels over-crossing the existing subway tunnels by Ben Wu, Wei Liu, Peixin Shi, Xiangyang Xu, Yingjing Liu

“…In this study, a case history of closely spaced twin tunnels excavated above the existing tunnels in soft soil stratum was presented. …”
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Thermal Performance Analyses of Multiborehole Ground Heat Exchangers by Wanjing Luo, Changfu Tang, Yin Feng, Pu Miao

“…However, as indicated by further investigations, this malfunction can be avoided by increasing borehole spacing.…”
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In-Band Asymmetry Compensation for Accurate Time/Phase Transport over Optical Transport Network by Sammy Siu, Wen-Hung Tseng, Hsiu-fang Hu, Shinn-Yan Lin, Chia-Shu Liao, Yi-Liang Lai

“…., phase offset) within 0.3397 ns/km in C-band or 0.3943 ns/km in L-band depending on the wavelength spacing. With the proposed scheme in this paper, the fiber link delay asymmetry can be compensated relying on the estimated mean fiber link delay by the Telecom-Boundary clock, while the OTN control plane is responsible for processing the fiber link delay asymmetry to determine the asymmetry compensation in the timing chain.…”
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Simulation of Chloride Diffusion in Cracked Concrete with Different Crack Patterns by Xiao-Yong Wang, Li-Na Zhang

“…Other crack characteristics, such as chloride depth, crack shape (equal-width crack or tapered crack), crack density, and spacing, are not studied in detail. To fill this gap, this paper presents a numerical procedure to simulate chloride ingression into cracked concrete with different crack geometry characteristics. …”
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Effects of Habitat Change on the Web Characteristics and Fitness of the Giant Wood Spider (Nephila pilipes) in Sri Lanka by Tharaka Wijerathna, Dilini Tharanga, Inoka C. Perera, Mayuri R. Wijesinghe

“…The nonforest webs were more closely knit (smaller mesh spaces) and the hub was placed at higher position on the web than that in the forest webs both altering prey capture efficiency. …”
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The mechanistical principles and engineering application of roof- cutting for roadway protection in advance of the working face by Zhaotai Li, Yuejin Zhou, Xiaoding Xu, Yuhang Xiao, Yunong Xu

“…Key parameters such as cutting depth, cutting angle, and hole spacing are determined through theoretical calculation, numerical simulation with 3DEC numerical software, and field testing. …”
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Hydrothermal synthesis of Fe3 O4-ZnO nanocomposites for removing fluoride from water by Salimeh Kimiagar, Hoda Mirazimi

“…X-Ray diffraction analysis and Williamson-Hall plots were used to study the phase purity, crystallite size, strain, lattice constant, and d-spacing of the samples. The morphology of the samples was investigated through Scanning Electron Microscopy and Transmission Electron Microscope. …”
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Optimized Hyper Beamforming of Linear Antenna Arrays Using Collective Animal Behaviour by Gopi Ram, Durbadal Mandal, Rajib Kar, Sakti Prasad Ghoshal

“…The optimized hyperbeam is achieved by optimization of current excitation weights and uniform interelement spacing. As compared to conventional hyper beamforming of linear antenna array, real coded genetic algorithm (RGA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), and differential evolution (DE) applied to the hyper beam of the same array can achieve reduction in sidelobe level (SLL) and same or less first null beam width (FNBW), keeping the same value of hyperbeam exponent. …”
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Hydrothermal Dissolution of Deeply Buried Cambrian Dolomite Rocks and Porosity Generation: Integrated with Geological Studies and Reactive Transport Modeling in the Tarim Basin, Ch... by Wenwen Wei, Daizhao Chen, Hairuo Qing, Yixiong Qian

“…The hydrothermal dissolution mainly occurred in dolomite wall-rocks with higher vertical permeability (extensive development of tensional fractures and connected pore spaces), producing additional dissolved porosity there during deep burial. …”
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Ground Settlements due to Construction of Triplet Tunnels with Different Construction Arrangements by Ahsan Naseem, Ken Schotte, Bart De Pauw, Hans De Backer

“…It results in 22.4% and 36.9% lesser settlements when compared to the equivalent horizontal twin tunnels spaced at 3D and the Left-Right-Top sequence, respectively.…”
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Response of the Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Cultivar Gregory to Interactions of Digging Date and Disease Management by David L. Jordan, Barbara B. Shew, P. Dewayne Johnson

“…In 17 experiments from 2003 to 2012, economic return of peanut was determined over 5 digging dates spaced 1 week apart beginning in early to mid-September through mid-October. …”
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Analysis of Travel Hot Spots of Taxi Passengers Based on Community Detection by Shuoben Bi, Yuyu Sheng, Wenwu He, Jingjin Fan, Ruizhuang Xu

“…Based on the type of land use, as passengers' travel activity increased, travel hot spots formed clusters in urban spaces. After comparative verification, the results of this study were found to be accurate and reliable and can provide a reference for urban planning and traffic management.…”
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Cyber–Physical–Social Security of High-DER-Penetrated Smart Grids: Threats, Countermeasures, and Challenges by Qiuyu Lu, Jun’e Li, Zhao Peng, Ming Ni

“…However, the deep coupling of cyber, physical, and social spaces leads the SGs to be more complex and openness, and thus, a higher risk of exposure to various threats. …”
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Performance and Profitability of Growing Ginger Using Single Bud Technique under High Density Arecanut-based Multispecies Cropping System by Samima Sultana, Partha Sarathi Medda, Sankar Saha, Sandip Hembram, Amarendra Nath Dey, Suraj Sarkar, Prabhat K. Pal

“…The performance of five known ginger cultivars of eastern India, namely Gorubathan, Suruchi, Suprabha, Bhaisay and a Local collection, were studied in an eight-year-old 2.7 m × 2.7 m spaced arecanut plantation at Uttar Banga Krishi Vishwavidyalaya within the Teraiagro-ecological region of West Bengal. …”
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Building for speech: designing the next-generation of social robots for audio interaction by Angus Addlesee, Ioannis Papaioannou

“…There have been significant advances in robotics, conversational AI, and spoken dialogue systems (SDSs) over the past few years, but we still do not find social robots in public spaces such as train stations, shopping malls, or hospital waiting rooms. …”
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Optimize the Power Consumption and SNR of the 3D Photonic High-Radix Switch Architecture Based on Extra Channels and Redundant Rings by Jie Jian, Mingche Lai, Liquan Xiao

“…Meanwhile, the greater channel spacing has great advantages to decrease the static power and increase the SNR of the optical network.…”
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Dye Adsorption by Modified Cotton. Steric and Energetic Interpretations of Model Parameter Behaviours by M. Khalfaoui, M.H.V. Baouab, R. Gauthier, A. Ben Lamine

“…Through the use of the half-saturation capacity, c 1/2 , it was possible to determine the change in the adsorption energy when the receptor site spacing was decreased and to relate such variation to the rate of steric hindrance, τ.…”
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Performance of Diaphragm Walls during Ultra-Deep Excavations in Karst Areas: Field Monitoring Analysis by Xingzhong Nong, Yanhong Wang, Benhai Lin, Wentian Xu, Wuzhang Luo, Ren Tang

“…Deep foundation pit excavations have become more extensive for the construction of underground spaces with rapid urbanization. Diaphragm walls are commonly used to support deep excavations. …”
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Additively manufactured ultrafine grained Aermet100 with superior mechanical property by Yanwen Liang, Jie Liu, Xiaotian Zhang, Yonghao Weng, Sheng Zhong, Tiannan Li, Peng Zhang, Chunpan Yang, Ying Xing, Jiazhe Fu, Kehong Wang

“…The results indicate that the specimens were well-formed, achieving a relative density of 99.99% through an optimal combination of process parameters: a laser power of 220 W, scanning speed of 1000 mm/s, scanning rotation of 67°, and hatch spacing of 0.07 mm.The additively manufactured Aermet100 specimens exhibited ultrafine grains with an average size of 0.4 μm. …”
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The Wind Loading Characteristics of MAN Type Dry Gas Storage Tank by Xinpeng Liu, Zhitao Yan, Zhengliang Li, Junfan Chen, Jingbo Liu

“…However, in common with 2D cylinder flows, the surface roughness with the spacing ratio (λ) greater than 0.9 had a significant effect on the wind pressures coefficient. …”
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