A Quantitative Comparison of High Latitude Electric Field Models During a Large Geomagnetic Storm by L. Orr, A. Grocott, M.‐T. Walach, G. Chisham, M. P. Freeman, M. M. Lam, R. M. Shore

“…Here we compare the outputs of these EF models during the September 2017 storm, covering a range of solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) conditions. …”
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Geomagnetic Storm‐Induced Plasma Density Enhancements in the Southern Polar Ionospheric Region: A Comparative Study Using St. Patrick's Day Storms of 2013 and 2015 by P. R. Shreedevi, R. K. Choudhary, Smitha V. Thampi, Sneha Yadav, T. K. Pant, Yiqun Yu, Ryan McGranaghan, Evan G. Thomas, Anil Bhardwaj, A. K. Sinha

“…The evolution of positive ionospheric storms at the southern polar stations Bharati (76.6°S MLAT) and Davis (76.2°S MLAT) and its causative connection to the solar wind driving mechanisms during these storms has been investigated in this paper. …”
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The effects of plasma source on adiabatic electron acceleration at dipolarization fronts by S. N. F. Chepuri, A. N. Jaynes, J. Joseph, D. L. Turner, C. Gabrielse, I. J. Cohen, D. N. Baker, B. H. Mauk, T. Leonard, J. F. Fennell

“…We indirectly studied this by comparing the relative abundances of O+ and He++ as proxies for ionospheric and solar wind populations respectively. We found the betatron acceleration equation method performs slightly better when there is a stronger ionospheric component. …”
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Prediction of the SYM‐H Index Using a Bayesian Deep Learning Method With Uncertainty Quantification by Yasser Abduallah, Khalid A. Alobaid, Jason T. L. Wang, Haimin Wang, Vania K. Jordanova, Vasyl Yurchyshyn, Huseyin Cavus, Ju Jing

“…Abstract We propose a novel deep learning framework, named SYMHnet, which employs a graph neural network and a bidirectional long short‐term memory network to cooperatively learn patterns from solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field parameters for short‐term forecasts of the SYM‐H index based on 1‐ and 5‐min resolution data. …”
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Prediction of Proton Pressure in the Outer Part of the Inner Magnetosphere Using Machine Learning by S. Y. Li, E. A. Kronberg, C. G. Mouikis, H. Luo, Y. S. Ge, A. M. Du

“…The location in the magnetosphere, the property of stably trapped particles, and parameters of solar, solar wind, and geomagnetic activity from the OMNI database are used as predictors. …”
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Galactic Cosmic Radiation in the Interplanetary Space Through a Modern Secular Minimum by F. Rahmanifard, W. C. deWet, N. A. Schwadron, M. J. Owens, A. P. Jordan, J. K. Wilson, C. J. Joyce, H. E. Spence, C. W. Smith, L. W. Townsend

“…We used data from the Cosmic Ray Telescope for the Effects of Radiation (CRaTER) on the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) to examine the correlation between the heliospheric magnetic field, solar wind speed, and solar modulation potential of the GCRs through Cycle 24. …”
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The Interplay of Surface Composition, Mineralogy, and Physical Conditions That Affect the Surface Release Processes and Particle Environment of Mercury by Peter Wurz, Noah Jäggi, André Galli, Audrey Vorburger, Deborah Domingue, Paul S. Szabo, Johannes Benkhoff, Océane Barraud, Daniel Wolf Savin

“…The external drivers for the particle release from the surface are solar photons, solar wind plasma, and micrometeoroid impacts. These drivers also cause space weathering of the surface, resulting in significant physical and chemical alterations in the regolith, ranging from the very surface to depths up to one meter. …”
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The Vigil Magnetometer for Operational Space Weather Services From the Sun‐Earth L5 Point by J. P. Eastwood, P. Brown, W. Magnes, C. M. Carr, M. Agu, R. Baughen, G. Berghofer, J. Hodgkins, I. Jernej, C. Möstl, T. Oddy, A. Strickland, A. Vitkova

“…In situ measurements at L5 characterize the solar wind's geoeffectiveness (particularly stream interaction regions), and can also be ingested into heliospheric models, improving their performance. …”
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Defining Radiation Belt Enhancement Events Based on Probability Distributions by Geoffrey D. Reeves, Elizabeth M. Vandegriff, Jonathan T. Niehof, Steven K. Morley, Gregory S. Cunningham, Michael G. Henderson, Brian A. Larsen

“…The methodology does not depend on any ancillary data set (e.g., solar wind or geomagnetic conditions). We show event probabilities using GOES > 2 MeV fluxes and compare them against event probabilities using LANL 1.8–3.5 MeV fluxes. …”
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Simulation of Geomagnetically Induced Currents in a Low‐Latitude 500 kV Power Network During a Solar Superstorm by J. J. Zhang, Y. Q. Yu, W. Q. Chen, C. Wang, Y. D. Liu, C. M. Liu, L. G. Liu

“…Abstract Geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) are one of the main manifestations through which space weather affects human technical facilities, and GICs constitute the final link in the solar wind‐magnetosphere‐ionosphere‐ground interaction chain. …”
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Predicting Interplanetary Shock Occurrence for Solar Cycle 25: Opportunities and Challenges in Space Weather Research by Denny M. Oliveira, Robert C. Allen, Livia R. Alves, Séan P. Blake, Brett A. Carter, Dibyendu Chakrabarty, Giulia D’Angelo, Kevin Delano, Ezequiel Echer, Cristian P. Ferradas, Matt G. Finley, Bea Gallardo‐Lacourt, Dan Gershman, Jesper W. Gjerloev, John Bosco Habarulema, Michael D. Hartinger, Rajkumar Hajra, Hisashi Hayakawa, Liisa Juusola, Karl M. Laundal, Robert J. Leamon, Michael Madelaire, Miguel Martínez‐Ledesma, Scott M. McIntosh, Yoshizumi Miyoshi, Mark B. Moldwin, Emmanuel Nahayo, Dibyendu Nandy, Bhosale Nilam, Katariina Nykyri, William R. Paterson, Mirko Piersanti, Ermanno Pietropaolo, Craig J. Rodger, Trunali Shah, Andy W. Smith, Nandita Srivastava, Bruce T. Tsurutani, S. Tulasi Ram, Lisa A. Upton, Bhaskara Veenadhari, Sergio Vidal‐Luengo, Ari Viljanen, Sarah K. Vines, Vipin K. Yadav, Jeng‐Hwa Yee, James W. Weygand, Eftyhia Zesta

“…Abstract Interplanetary (IP) shocks are perturbations observed in the solar wind. IP shocks correlate well with solar activity, being more numerous during times of high sunspot numbers. …”
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Trends and opportunities in renewable energy investment in Saudi Arabia: Insights for achieving vision 2030 and enhancing environmental sustainability by Mahmoud Mohamed Selim, Nasser Alshareef

“…Saudi Arabia, driven by its Vision 2030, has strongly committed to shifting from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and hydrogen. Despite significant progress, existing investment methods often focus narrowly on financial returns and do not adequately address the risks and uncertainties associated with renewable energy projects, such as policy changes, technological challenges, and fluctuating energy prices. …”
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Prediction of Dynamic Plasmapause Location Using a Neural Network by Deyu Guo, Song Fu, Zheng Xiang, Binbin Ni, Yingjie Guo, Minghang Feng, Jianguang Guo, Zejun Hu, Xudong Gu, Jianan Zhu, Xing Cao, Qi Wang

“…The model parameterized by only AE or Kp index can reproduce the plasmapause locations similar to those modeled using all five considered solar wind and geomagnetic parameters. Model evaluation on the test set indicates that our neural network model is capable of predicting the plasmapause location with the lowest RMSE. …”
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ALMA Observations of Solar Spicules in a Polar Coronal Hole by T. S. Bastian, C. Alissandrakis, A. Nindos, M. Shimojo, S. M. White

“…We suggest that the upward mass flux carried by spicules is unlikely to play a significant role in the mass budget of the solar corona and solar wind, and the transport of hot material into the corona by spicules may not play a significant role in coronal heating. …”
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Medium Energy Electron Flux in Earth's Outer Radiation Belt (MERLIN): A Machine Learning Model by A. G. Smirnov, M. Berrendorf, Y. Y. Shprits, E. A. Kronberg, H. J. Allison, N. A. Aseev, I. S. Zhelavskaya, S. K. Morley, G. D. Reeves, M. R. Carver, F. Effenberger

“…The Medium Energy electRon fLux In Earth's outer radiatioN belt (MERLIN) model takes as input the satellite position, a combination of geomagnetic indices and solar wind parameters including the time history of velocity, and does not use persistence. …”
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Unusual Space Weathering on a CE-5 Metal Grain Indicates Deceptive Surface Signatures of M-type Asteroids by Tian Zhang, Hong Tang, Xiongyao Li, Yuanyun Wen, Bing Mo, Wen Yu, Chuanjiao Zhou, Jianzhong Liu

“…Our findings indicate that space weathering processes, including micrometeorite bombardment and solar wind irradiation, conceal the real surface signatures of M-type asteroids. …”
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A clean energy Korea by 2035: Transitioning to 80% carbon-free electricity generation by Won Young Park, Yong Hyun Song, Nikit Abhyankar, Hee Seung Moon, Umed Paliwal, Eunsung Kim, Nina Khanna, Sanghyun Hong, James Hyungkwan Kim, Kenji Shiraishi, Jiang Lin, Seung Wan Kim, Amol Phadke

“…We analyze economic decarbonization pathways for Korea’s electric power sector by 2035, leveraging optimal capacity expansion and hourly dispatch modeling to assess the opportunities and constraints in the power systems and reflecting expected rapid declines in the costs of solar, wind, and battery storage technologies. We also introduce offshore high-voltage direct current transmission lines as a strategic network planning option to address the significant discrepancies between major load centers and high-potential renewable energy regions. …”
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An Overview of Solar Orbiter Observations of Interplanetary Shocks in Solar Cycle 25 by Domenico Trotta, Andrew Dimmock, Heli Hietala, Xochitl Blanco-Cano, Timothy S. Horbury, Rami Vainio, Nina Dresing, Immanuel Christopher Jebaraj, Francisco Espinosa Lara, Raúl Gómez-Herrero, Javier Rodriguez-Pacheco, Yulia Kartavykh, David Lario, Jan Gieseler, Miho Janvier, Milan Maksimovic, Nasrin Talebpour Sheshvan, Christopher J. Owen, Emilia K. J. Kilpua, Robert F. Wimmer-Schweingruber

“…We characterize energetic particle responses to the passage of IP shocks at different energies, often revealing complex features arising from the interaction between IP shocks and preexisting fluctuations, including solar wind structures being processed upon shock crossing. …”
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Cyberattacks and the Erosion of State Sovereignty by Ana Maria COSTEA, Mihail CARADAICĂ

“…s on cyber deterrence, the aim of this paper is to analyze examples such as WannaCry, Stuxnet, SolarWinds, and Heartbleed and to reveal the extent to which cyber operations can erode state sovereignty and challenge international norms. …”
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A Comparison Between Cool Chromospheric and Hot Coronal Jets by Ehsan Tavabi, Azam Mollatayefeh

“…The IRIS spectra spicules to determine one of the factors affecting the production and feeding of solar winds. Jets and spicules have been considered by examining several raster frames from the regions of the Sun. …”
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