Intrinsic Links Between Non-Suicidal Self-Injury and Sleep Quality and Cytokines: A Network Analysis Based on Chinese Adolescents with Depressive Disorders by Zhang Y, Suo X, Wang X, Xu J, Xu W, Pan L, Gao J

“…No direct association between NSSI and cognitive flexibility was observed.Limitations: The cross-sectional design, reliance on self-reported data, and restricted geographic sample limit the ability to establish causal relationships and generalize the findings.Conclusion: IL-12p70 plays a significant role in the development of NSSI among adolescents with depressive disorders. …”
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Assessing the environmental and economic benefits of integrating solar energy in Nigerian construction by H. C. O. Unegbu, D. S. Yawas, B. Dan-asabe, A. A. Alabi, R. C. Vedad

“…Practically, it provides policymakers and industry stakeholders with actionable insights, recommending regulatory reforms, financial incentives, public awareness campaigns, and community engagement initiatives to accelerate solar energy adoption.While the study is limited by its regional scope and reliance on self-reported data, future research should incorporate real-world performance data and expand geographical coverage. …”
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Brief interventions for smoking or alcohol moderated by history of mental health condition: a national survey of adults in Great Britain 2020–2023 by Lion Shahab, Jamie Brown, Sharon Cox, Leonie S Brose, Vera Helen Buss

“…Background Individuals with mental health conditions can experience lower life expectancy, partly due to risk factors, such as smoking and alcohol use.Objective To assess potential differences in receiving support for smoking cessation or alcohol reduction in British general practice based on history of a mental health condition.Methods Self-reported data were collected between October 2020 and June 2023 from the monthly cross-sectional Smoking and Alcohol Toolkit Study. …”
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Association between muscle strength and low back pain among middle-aged and older adults: a cross-sectional study by Peng Wang, Xiangjun Lu, Mohan Wen, Xu Li, Qipeng Gao, Rujie Qin

“…The identification of LBP symptoms relied on self-reported data. Muscle strength was measured by grip strength (determined using a handgrip dynamometer) and chair-rising time (recorded using a stopwatch). …”
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Associations between digital media use behaviours, screen time and positive mental health in youth: results from the 2019 Canadian Health Survey on Children and Youth by Zahra M. Clayborne, Colin A. Capaldi, Vrati M. Mehra

“…Methods We used self-reported data from youth aged 12–17 years in the 2019 Canadian Health Survey on Children and Youth (N = 10,695). …”
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Truth or Myth: Is Breast Implant Illness Really an Illness? by Rami Hanna, MD, Udi Maor, MD, Meir Retchkiman, MD, Basel Abu-Ganem, MD, Julie Vaynshtein, MD, Eldad Silberstein, MD

“…The study’s cross-sectional design, small sample size, and self-reported data could limit its findings. Further research is needed to understand BII’s impact on well-being and safety.…”
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Association between the dietary index for gut microbiota and female infertility: a cross-sectional study of NHANES 2013–2018 by Xiaoyan Zhang, Liangzhi Wu, Haiyan Li, Shuyao Zhang, Wenfeng Hua, Wenfeng Hua

“…Weighted multivariable logistic regression, restricted cubic splines (RCS), and subgroup analyses were used to investigate the association between DI-GM and female infertility.ResultsBased on self-reported data, 370 participants (12.12%) were classified as infertile. …”
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Physical activity, screen time and sleep among children and adolescents: findings from the 2022 active healthy kids Ethiopia by Chalchisa Abdeta, Alem Deksisa, Mesfin Hailu, Debrework Tesfaye, Lucy Westerman, Anthony D. Okely, John J. Reilly, Mark S. Tremblay

“…Results We found eight studies (n = 8) with relevant information; all were based on parent- or self-reported data. Only a small proportion of them met the guidelines for physical activity (16%) and sedentary screen time (55%). …”
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Association Between Alcohol Consumption and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Across Different Body Mass Index Categories Among Japanese Workers by Yu Wang, Yosuke Inoue, Shohei Yamamoto, Ami Fukunaga, Shuichiro Yamamoto, Toru Honda, Tohru Nakagawa, Takeshi Hayashi, Maki Konishi, Tetsuya Mizoue

“…Methods: Participants were 31,524 health checkup examinees (26,819 males and 4,705 females aged 20–64 years) who were free from diabetes at baseline. Self-reported data on alcohol use were used to estimate the average daily alcohol consumption at the baseline. …”
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Objectively Measured Smartphone Use and Nonsuicidal Self-Injury Among College Students: Cross-Sectional Study by Wenhua Wang, Mingyang Wu, Xiaoxiao Yuan, Xue Wang, Le Ma, Lu Li, Lei Zhang

“…Some questionnaire-based research suggests that smartphone use correlates with nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI). Self-reported data seem unlikely to capture actual smartphone use precisely, requiring objective measures to advance this field. …”
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Prevalence and Patterns of Use of Natural Health Products and Medicines in New Zealand: A Pilot Study Using an Online Market Research Panel by E Lyn Lee, Jeff Harrison, Joanne Barnes

“…Methods An online cross-sectional survey was administered to a sample of the adult population in NZ via an online market research panel in November 2021. Self-reported data on participants’ use of NHPs (including photographs of products), consultations with TCAM practitioners and use of conventional medicines were collected. …”
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Methodology of the international cross-sectional prevalence and severity study of pediatric and adult IgE-mediated food allergies (ASSESS FA) by Ruchi Gupta, MD, MPH, Tarek Mnif, PharmD, Suzanne Reed, PhD, Mira Hleyhel, PhD, Stefani Dritsa, PhD, Perrine LeCalvé, MSc, Alissar Moussallem, PharmD, MPH, Paolo Tassinari, MD, Jessica Marvel, MPH, Alessandro Fiocchi, MD

“…Methods: This was a cross-sectional, international study that collected self-reported data through an online quantitative survey. …”
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Assessing the Consistency of Reporting for E-Cigarette Brand, Device Type, and Flavor in the National Youth Tobacco Survey: Implications for Regulatory Decision-Making by Rohay Jeffrey M., Curtin Geoffrey M., Pillitteri Janine L., Gerlach Karen K.

“…The National Youth Tobacco Survey (NYTS) collects self-reported data from U.S. middle and high school students on past-30-day e-cigarette use, including device type used most often, all flavors used, and all brands used. …”
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Examining the perception of residency training among Nigerian medical students: a nationwide pilot survey by Nicholas Aderinto, Adetola Babalola, Gbolahan Olatunji, Emmanuel Kokori, Israel Charles Abraham, John Ehi Aboje, Samson Adedeji Afolabi, Akinlolu Akinjola, Bonaventure Michael Ukoaka, Ikponmwosa Jude Ogieuhi, Emmanuel Egbunu, Stephen Chukwuemeka Igwe, Rosemary Komolafe, Khaled Moghib, Adedoyin Babalola, Omoworare Oluwatobi Taiwo

“…Limitations include reliance on self-reported data and preclinical students’ indirect exposure, suggesting future longitudinal research.…”
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Relative contribution of diet and physical activity to increased adiposity among rural to urban migrants in India: A cross-sectional study. by Sanjay Kinra, Poppy Alice Carson Mallinson, Jenny A Cresswell, Liza J Bowen, Tanica Lyngdoh, Dorairaj Prabhakaran, Kolli Srinath Reddy, Mario Vaz, Anura V Kurpad, George Davey Smith, Yoav Ben-Shlomo, Shah Ebrahim

“…Factory workers and their spouses from four cities in north, central, and south of India, together with their rural-dwelling siblings, were surveyed. Self-reported data on diet and physical activity was collected using validated questionnaires, and adiposity was estimated from thickness of skinfolds. …”
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Patient-reported outcomes for menopause management interventions study: PROMMIS by Mukherjee Annice, Anne Armstrong, Lucy Whitaker, Jackie Maybin, Rebecca Reynolds, Paula Briggs

“…Following patient consent, self-reported data will be inputted and relevant data from primary care records will be obtained through automation, with options for additional data input from secondary care.Patient reported outcomes are at the centre of data collection. …”
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Access to healthy ınformatıon: the ınteractıon of medıa lıteracy and health lıteracy by Hatice Mutlu, Gözde Bozkurt, Gökten Öngel, Yağmur Gümüşboğa

“…This study is limited by its cross-sectional design and reliance on self-reported data. Future research should employ longitudinal methods and explore the long-term impact of media and health literacy across different demographic groups and contexts.…”
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The scopes, outcomes, and limitations of health trials on oral sex practices: a global scoping review by Kafayat Aminu, Timothy Olukunle Aladelusi, Afeez Abolarinwa Salami, Semeeh Akinwale Omoleke, Chiamaka Norah Ezeagu, Julienne Murererehe, Charles Adetokunbo Olomo, Jimoh Amzat, Peace Uwambaye, Akinyele Olumuyiwa Adisa, Kehinde Kazeem Kanmodi

“…However, common limitations of the reviewed trials, include reliance on self-reported data without other means of verification, limited generalizability of findings and short or no follow-up periods. …”
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The Impact of Race, Education, Economic Vulnerability, and Stigma on Viral Load Detectability Among People Living with HIV in Brazil by Brandelli Costa A, Graeff Bins-Ely I, Penzato V, Vaitses Fontanari AM, Alckmin-Carvalho F, Pereira H, Welter Wendt G

“…Viral load was self-reported. Data were collected by 30 PLHV themselves in 2019, after receiving training on the Brazilian Stigma Index. …”
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Examining Patient Characteristics Associated With Digital Outpatient Care for Type 1 Diabetes (DigiDiaS): Cross-Sectional Study by Ingeborg Spildo, Heidi Holmen, Annesofie Lunde Jensen, Milada Hagen, Tone Singstad, Jacob Andreas Winther, Eirik Årsand, Astrid Torbjørnsen

“…Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected from the participants’ medical records and the national diabetes registry. Self-reported data comprised self-management measured using the Patient Activation Measure 13 (PAM-13), diabetes distress (20-item Problem Areas in Diabetes; PAID-20), well-being (World Health Organization-Five Well-Being Index; WHO-5), and health literacy (12-item short version of the European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire; HLS-19 Q12) questionnaires. …”
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