LoRaWAN-based smart water management IoT applications: a review by Enas F. Khairullah, Atheer M. Alghamdi, Mohammad M. Al mojamed, Sherali Zeadally

“…Furthermore, we review LoRaWAN-based water applications and classify them into three categories which include: water-quality monitoring applications, water-metering applications, and water-leakage detection applications. We also discuss scalability, simulation, security, and applications of LoRaWAN in water-management systems. …”
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Blockchain-based cross-data center anonymous and verifiable identity authentication scheme by XU Shujiang, ZHANG Chaoyang, WANG Lianhai, ZHANG Shuhui, SHAO Wei

“…The traditional centralized identity authentication schemes are inherently flawed in security and scalability, which hampers their ability to meet the demands of high-frequency cross-center data sharing applications. …”
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Supporting Human and Machine Co-Learning in Citizen Science: Lessons From Gravity Spy by Carsten Østerlund, Kevin Crowston, Corey B. Jackson, Yunan Wu, Alexander O. Smith, Aggelos K. Katsaggelos

“…The approach offers potential benefits for project scalability, participant engagement, and automation considerations while acknowledging the importance of tutorials, community access, and expert involvement in supporting learning.…”
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The Effects of a Web-Based Need-Supportive Intervention for Physical Education Teachers on Students’ Physical Activity and Related Outcomes: A Randomized Controlled Trial by Hasso Paap, Andre Koka, Pille-Riin Meerits, Henri Tilga

“…Furthermore, the web-based format offers scalability for broader implementation.…”
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Physical and functional characterization of whey protein-lignin biocomposite films for food packaging applications by Yihong Deng, Sierra Kolodjski, Grace Lewis, Gary Onan, Youngmi Kim

“…Further research is needed to enhance lignin integration techniques and assess the scalability of these films for industrial use.…”
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GuardianMPC: Backdoor-Resilient Neural Network Computation by Mohammad Hashemi, Domenic Forte, Fatemeh Ganji

“…Our experimental results for multilayer perceptrons (MLPs) and convolutional neural networks (CNNs) assess GuardianMPC’s time complexity and scalability across diverse NN model architectures. Interestingly, GuardianMPC does not adversely affect the training accuracy, as opposed to many existing private training frameworks. …”
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The Right to the Night City: Exploring the Temporal Variability of the 15-min City in Milan and Its Implications for Nocturnal Communities by Lamia Abdelfattah, Abubakr Albashir, Giulia Ceccarelli, Andrea Gorrini, Federico Messa, Dante Presicce

“…The quality limitations of the Google data are extensively explored in the article, providing further insight into the replicability and scalability of the methodology for future research.…”
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Integrating artificial intelligence and Internet of Things (IoT) for enhanced crop monitoring and management in precision agriculture by Kushagra Sharma, Shiv Kumar Shivandu

“…Integrating diverse datasets, ensuring scalability for small and medium-sized farms, and enhancing real-time decision-making need further investigation. …”
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Automated 3D semantic segmentation of PCB X-ray CT images and netlist extraction by Adrian Phoulady, Yara Suleiman, Hongbin Choi, Nicholas May, Sina Shahbazmohamadi, Pouya Tavousi

“…Validation with both synthetic and real-world PCB datasets shows high accuracy and robustness, offering a scalable solution for PCB design reconstruction.…”
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An Innovative Real-Time Recursive Framework for Techno-Economical Self-Healing in Large Power Microgrids Against Cyber–Physical Attacks Using Large Change Sensitivity Analysis by Mehdi Zareian Jahromi, Elnaz Yaghoubi, Elaheh Yaghoubi, Mohammad Reza Maghami, Harold R. Chamorro

“…Performance evaluation on large-scale systems, such as IEEE 33-bus, 69-bus, and 118-bus networks, demonstrates that the proposed method achieves optimization in less than 2 s, ensuring superior computational efficiency, scalability, and resilience. The results highlight significant improvements over state-of-the-art methods, establishing the proposed framework as a robust solution for real-time, cost-effective, and resilient energy management in large-scale power microgrids under cyber–physical disturbances.…”
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Homogenized Point Mutual Information and Deep Quantum Reinforced Wind Power Prediction by W. G. Jency, J. E. Judith

“…However, due to the lack of an appropriate feature selection process and to minimize the effect of losses used for wind power prediction, a large amount of computation is necessitated when processing multi-input wind power data, therefore causing a negative influence on scalability and hence affecting wind power prediction time. …”
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Automating band selection for hyperspectral indices: bridging AVIRIS-NG and Sentinel-2 satellite data for earth science applications by Veerendra Satya Sylesh Peddinti, Venkata Ravibabu Mandla, Shashi Mesapam, Suresh Kancharla

“…The process is automated and employs parallel processing with Python, significantly reducing execution time and enabling scalability for large geospatial datasets. Key indices, including the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), Normalized Difference Red Edge (NDRE), and Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI), Green Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (GNDVI) were validated using the proposed methodology. …”
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Automated karyogram analysis for early detection of genetic and neurodegenerative disorders: a hybrid machine learning approach by Sumaira Tabassum, M. Jawad Khan, Javaid Iqbal, Asim Waris, M. Adeel Ijaz

“…This study introduces a novel hybrid approach that combines unsupervised and supervised learning techniques to overcome the challenges of limited labeled data and scalability in chromosomal analysis. An Autoencoder-based system is initially trained with unlabeled data to identify chromosome patterns. …”
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Fast handover authentication scheme in 5G mobile edge computing scenarios by Weicheng ZHANG, Hongquan WEI, Shuxin LIU, Liming PU

“…The 5G internet of things brings the ultimate experience to users, but it also puts forward new challenges.Users’ requirements of ultra-low latency experience, access to business without sense during movement and security guarantee have attracted much attention.Mobile edge computing can meet the strict requirements of 5G with low latency, large connection and high bandwidth.As a computing paradigm with the coexistence of multi-trust domains, multi-entities and cross-trust domains are interconnected frequently.Identity authentication is particularly important for security protection.Through the research on the identity authentication mechanism under the existing edge computing paradigm, a lightweight fast handover authentication scheme based on pre-authentication was proposed.The proposed solution moved services and calculations from the cloud to the edge.Biometric fingerprint technology was used on the client side to defend against terminal theft attacks.Edge servers in different regions used pre-authentication scheme to meet fast switching requirements.The user and the edge server established a secure channel by negotiating a shared session key in real time, and the authentication scheme ensured lightweight operation with XOR and hash operation.The proposed scheme was evaluated from two aspects of security and performance.Theoretical design analysis and formal tool verification were carried out for security evaluation.The formal analysis tool, AVISPA, was used to verify the improved security of the proposed scheme in the presence of intruders.The performance was mainly evaluated from the computing cost and communication cost of the authentication scheme.The simulation results showed that the proposed scheme reduces communication cost, and the computational overhead can meet the needs of mobile terminals with limited resources.As the future work, the scheme will be improved from two aspects: one is to strengthen the scalability to ensure that users and edge servers can join and exit at any time, and the other one is to strengthen the universality of the scheme to meet the access deployment of third-party service providers.…”
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Biowastes as sustainable catalysts for water treatment: A comprehensive overview by Hirpha Adugna Areti, Abas Siraj Hamda, Lata Deso Abo, Abdisa Jabesa, Melkiyas Diriba Muleta

“…Despite challenges related to scalability, stability, and reusability, strategies such as functionalization, hybridization, and the incorporation of computational tools offer pathways for improvement. …”
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Simulation of PEM Electrolyzer Power Management with Renewable Generation in Owerri, Nigeria by MacMatthew C. Ahaotu, Chisom E. Ogbogu, Jesse Thornburg, Isdore Onyema Akwukwaegbu

“…Proton exchange membrane electrolyzers are an attractive technology for hydrogen production due to their high efficiency, low maintenance cost, and scalability. To receive these benefits, however, electrolyzers require high power reliability and have relatively high demand. …”
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MultiSenseX: A Sustainable Solution for Multi-Human Activity Recognition and Localization in Smart Environments by Hamada Rizk, Ahmed Elmogy, Mohamed Rihan, Hirozumi Yamaguchi

“…Our empirical evaluation demonstrates <i>MultiSenseX</i>’s superior performance in both localization and activity recognition tasks, achieving remarkable accuracy and scalability. By enhancing multi-user sensing technologies, <i>MultiSenseX</i> supports the development of intelligent, efficient, and sustainable communities, contributing to SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities) and SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being) through safer, smarter, and more inclusive urban living solutions.…”
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Network-Based Video Recommendation Using Viewing Patterns and Modularity Analysis: An Integrated Framework by Mehrdad Maghsoudi, Mohammad Hossein Valikhani, Mohammad Hossein Zohdi

“…Additionally, incorporating temporal models and addressing scalability challenges for large-scale platforms are essential next steps. …”
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Probabilistic Power Flow Analysis of DERs Integrated Power System From a Bayesian Parameter Estimation Perspective by Wanjoli, Paul, Moustafa, Mohamed M.Zakaria, Abbasy, Nabil H.

“…Validated on IEEE 39-bus and 59-bus test systems in MATLAB/Simulink, BPE outperformed the 2m+1 point estimate method (PEM) in terms of accuracy, computation speed and scalability. Simulation results demonstrate superior accuracy of BPE, yielding voltage profiles and congestion indices closely matching those of Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) but with lower computation time. …”
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Evaluating the implementation and impact of a volunteer navigation oncology support programme: study protocol for a pragmatic, real-world hybrid type 2 study by Charlotte Waugh, Noah Federman, Gabrielle B Rocque, D'Ambra N Dent, Emily K Hill, Ian Bostock Rosenzweig, Bonny Morris, Arif Kamal

“…Although this approach has great potential for scalability, the best approach to early implementation and impact of volunteer navigation remains unclear.Methods and analysis This pragmatic single-arm pre–post study evaluates the implementation and effectiveness of volunteer navigation for patients participating in the 2023–2024 pilot. …”
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