Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Prospects of Immunotherapy and Targeted Therapy in Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma by Lin Zhong MM, Anqing Lu MB, Xiyue Lu MM, Xiaoyin Liu MD, Lujia Cao MM, Shihong Zhu MM, SiJun Diao MM, Xu Cheng MM, Hongwei Wu MB, Jing Chen MD

“…With a deeper understanding of the pathophysiology of PCNSL, various therapies, including CD20 monoclonal antibodies, Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors, immunomodulatory drugs, immune checkpoint inhibitors, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3 K)/mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR) inhibitors, and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) -T cells are increasingly being applied and have demonstrated considerable efficacy. …”
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Qingfei Tongluo Mixture Attenuates Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Inflammation and Fibrosis through mTOR-Dependent Autophagy in Rats by Shuyu Ge, Zhenghong Guo, Ting Xiao, Pingping Sun, Bo Yang, Yin Ying

“…Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were performed to observe changes in proteins related to pulmonary fibrosis (α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and matrix metalloproteinase 12 (MMP12)) and autophagy (P62 and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR)). Treatment with QFTL significantly improved the adverse effects of bleomycin on body weight, lung coefficient, and pathological changes. …”
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The AMPK–mTOR Pathway Is Inhibited by Chaihu Shugan Powder, Which Relieves Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis by Suppressing Autophagic Ferroptosis by Zheng Liang, Dajin Pi, Jianwei Zhen, Haizhen Yan, Chuiyang Zheng, July Liang Chen, Wen Fan, Qingliang Song, Jinyue Pan, Dongdong Liu, Maoxing Pan, Qinhe Yang, Yupei Zhang

“…The liver protein levels of Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase–mammalian target of rapamycin (AMPK–mTOR)-mediated autophagy and ferroptosis markers, such as p-AMPKα/AMPKα, p-mTOR/mTOR, Beclin-1, microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 gamma (LC3), p62 (sequestosome 1 [SQSTM1/p62]), Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2), ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1), and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), were restored by CSP. …”
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The Roles of Autophagy in Acute Lung Injury Induced by Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion in Diabetic Rats by Liying Zhan, Yuan Zhang, Wating Su, Qiongxia Zhang, Rong Chen, Bo Zhao, Wei Li, Rui Xue, Zhongyuan Xia, Shaoqing Lei

“…Control or diabetic rats were either treated with or without autophagy inducer rapamycin (Rap) or autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) before myocardial IR, which was achieved by occluding the left anterior descending coronary artery for 30 min and followed by reperfusion for 120 min. …”
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FGF2 Attenuates Neural Cell Death via Suppressing Autophagy after Rat Mild Traumatic Brain Injury by Chonghui Tang, Yudong Shan, Yilan Hu, Zhanjian Fang, Yun Tong, Mengdan Chen, Xiaojie Wei, Xiaojun Fu, Xinlong Xu

“…Finally, autophagy activator rapamycin could abolish the protective effects of FGF2. …”
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Valine deficiency has a greater impact on broiler growth and bone health than isoleucine deficiency by Doyun Goo, Woo Kyun Kim

“…The expression levels of mechanistic target of rapamycin and BCAA catabolism-related genes were highest in the -VAL group (P < 0.05), whereas the -ILE group did not show any difference compared to the CON group (P > 0.05). …”
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NLRP3 Inflammasome Simultaneously Involved in Autophagy and Phagocytosis of THP-1 Cells to Clear Aged Erythrocytes by Qin Li, Fengyong Zhao, Jiamin Zhang, Ying Yang, Zhonghui Guo, Chen Wang, Qixiu Yang, Ying Sun, Ziyan Zhu

“…In addition, the autophagy inhibitor bafilomycin A1 (BafA1) can enhance the phagocytosis ability of THP-1 to erythrocytes and promote the NLRP3 activation in THP-1 cells, while the autophagy inducer rapamycin inhibits the phagocytosis ability of THP-1 to RBCs and downregulates the NLRP3 activation. …”
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Ropinirole and Pramipexole Promote Structural Plasticity in Human iPSC-Derived Dopaminergic Neurons via BDNF and mTOR Signaling by Ginetta Collo, Laura Cavalleri, Federica Bono, Cristina Mora, Stefania Fedele, Roberto William Invernizzi, Massimo Gennarelli, Giovanna Piovani, Tilo Kunath, Mark J. Millan, Emilio Merlo Pich, PierFranco Spano

“…Ropinirole and pramipexole produced dose-dependent increases of dendritic arborization and soma size after 3 days of culture, effects antagonized by the selective D3R antagonists SB277011-A and S33084 and by the mTOR pathway kinase inhibitors LY294002 and rapamycin. All treatments were also effective in attenuating the D3R-dependent increase of p70S6-kinase phosphorylation. …”
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IL-7 promotes integrated glucose and amino acid sensing during homeostatic CD4+ T cell proliferation by Seema Bachoo, Nancy Gudgeon, Rebecca Mann, Victoria Stavrou, Emma L. Bishop, Audrey Kelly, Alejandro Huerta Uribe, Jordan Loeliger, Corina Frick, Oliver D.K. Maddocks, Paul Lavender, Christoph Hess, Sarah Dimeloe

“…Consistently, the expression of its subunit late endosomal/lysosomal adaptor, MAPK and mTOR activator 5 (LAMTOR5) is promoted by IL-7 in a glucose-dependent manner, and glucose availability determines amino acid-dependent mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) activation, confirming integrated nutrient sensing. …”
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A Peptide Analogue of Selectin Ligands Attenuated Atherosclerosis by Inhibiting Monocyte Activation by Zhishuai Ye, Shanfeng Zhang, Yubo Liu, Shujing Wang, Jianing Zhang, Rongchong Huang

“…Our results also revealed that IELLQAR inhibited the differentiation of monocytes into macrophages through P-selectin-dependent activation of the nuclear factor- (NF-) κB and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways. Conclusion. Collectively, our results demonstrated that IELLQAR, a peptide analogue of selectin ligands, inhibited selectin binding to monocytes, which led to subsequent attenuation of atherosclerosis via inhibition of monocyte activation. …”
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Brazilian Thoracic Association recommendations for the management of lymphangioleiomyomatosis by Bruno Guedes Baldi, Paulo Henrique Ramos Feitosa, Adalberto Sperb Rubin, Alexandre Franco Amaral, Carolina Salim Gonçalves Freitas, Cláudia Henrique da Costa, Eliane Viana Mancuzo, Ellen Caroline Toledo do Nascimento, Mariana Sponholz Araujo, Marcelo Jorge Jacó Rocha, Martina Rodrigues de Oliveira, Tatiana Senna Galvão, Pedro Paulo Teixeira e Silva Torres, Carlos Roberto Ribeiro Carvalho

“…In recent decades, a number of advances have been made in the understanding of the pathophysiology and management of LAM, leading to improvements in its prognosis: identification of the main genetic aspects and the role of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway; relationship with hormonal factors, mainly estrogen; characterization of pulmonary and extrapulmonary manifestations in imaging studies; identification and importance in the diagnosis of VEGF-D; a systematic diagnostic approach, often without the need for lung biopsy; use of and indications for the use of mTOR inhibitors, mainly sirolimus, for pulmonary and extrapulmonary manifestations; pulmonary rehabilitation and the management of complications such as pneumothorax and chylothorax; and the role of and indications for lung transplantation. …”
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<i>Lin28b-let-7</i> Modulates mRNA Expression of <i>GnRH1</i> Through Multiple Signaling Pathways Related to Glycolysis in GT1-7 Cells by Yujing Xie, Xin Li, Meng Wang, Mingxing Chu, Guiling Cao

“…In GT1-7 cells, <i>GnRH1</i> expression was suppressed by blocking mTOR signaling with rapamycin, which was rescued by <i>Lin28b</i> overexpression. …”
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Polystyrene nanoplastics promote colitis-associated cancer by disrupting lipid metabolism and inducing DNA damage by Shan Tian, Ruixue Li, Jiao Li, Jinhui Zou

“…Exposure to PS-NPs activated the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway both in the AOM/DSS mouse model and cellular model. …”
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Effects of Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei infection on intestinal immune defense and physiological processes of Penaeus vannamei by Zheng Cao, Chuanyu He, Zhipeng Yin, Caiyi Chen, Fan Li, Dongchun Yan, Ting Li, Linrui Chang, Lingjun Si

“…Moreover, the expression levels of key genes involved in nutrient absorption, transport and synthesis, such as glucose transporter 1, Na+-K+ATPase, fatty acid synthase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, rapamycin kinase, mTOR regulation-related protein, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein, ribosomal protein S6 kinase, were significantly up-regulated. …”
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Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Neuron-Like Cell Transplantation Combined with Electroacupuncture Improves Synaptic Plasticity in Rats with Intracerebral Hemorrhage via mTOR/p70S6K S... by Guoqiang Yang, Jiayi Zhu, Guwen Zhan, Guangbi Fan, Li Deng, Huajun Tang, Xiaoqian Jiang, Bo Chen, Chaoxian Yang

“…We also measured the levels of the phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and 70 kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K) proteins, as well as the expression of synapse-related proteins. …”
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Progress in Study of Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound Acting on Inflammation-Related Signaling Pathways in Knee Osteoarthritis by OUYANG Hui, LIN Xingjin, WANG Jinying, SHEN Longbin, WANG Chengdong

“…The therapeutic mechanisms reviewed as following: 1) LIPUS can reduce the inflammatory response by enhancing the autophagic pathway of macrophages in the synovial membrane and inhibiting the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammatory vesicle pathway to reduce IL-1β production by macrophages; it can also acts through the classical wingless MMTV integration site family protein (Wnt)/β-linked protein signaling pathway on fibroblasts in the synovial membrane to inhibit synovial fibrosis. 2) LIPUS promotes chondrocyte production of extracellular matrix, regulates chondrocyte metabolism, and protects cartilage by inhibiting IL-1β -induced nuclear factor-activated B-cell κ light chain enhancer (NF-κB) signaling pathway and regulating mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) signaling pathway. 3) LIPUS protects cartilage by activating extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-protein kinase B (PI3K-Akt) signaling pathways to promote MSCs proliferation and differentiation, and also promotes transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1) production by MSCs through the integral protein-target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway to promote cartilage formation. …”
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Growth Hormone Increases BDNF and mTOR Expression in Specific Brain Regions after Photothrombotic Stroke in Mice by Sonia Sanchez-Bezanilla, Daniel J. Beard, Rebecca J. Hood, N. David Åberg, Patricia Crock, Frederick R. Walker, Michael Nilsson, Jörgen Isgaard, Lin Kooi Ong

“…We aimed to explore the mechanisms of GH treatment by investigating how GH modulates pathways known to induce neuroplasticity, focusing on association between brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in the peri-infarct area, hippocampus, and thalamus. …”
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Network Pharmacology Suggests Mechanisms for Therapeutic Effects of Caulis Sinomenii on Avian Gout by Guanyang Li, Junfei Xu, Huanhuan Li, Wenxin Yan, Fengting Chen, Anwen Yuan, Juzuo Zhang

“…These targets may exert therapeutic effects on AG through four pathways: the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor, mammalian target of rapamycin, TLR, and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways. …”
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Effects of Dietary Protein-to-Energy Ratios on Growth, Immune Response, Antioxidative Capacity, Liver and Intestinal Histology, and Growth-Related Gene Expression in Hybrid Yellow... by Sehrish Taj, Quan Han, Xiaoyi Wu, Haoran Yin, Lixia Tian, Huijun Yang, Yongjian Liu, Junwa Huang

“…The expression of target of rapamycin (TOR) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1) genes in the liver was considerably influenced by dietary protein-to-energy ratios (P<0.05). …”
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Dexamethasone Provides Effective Immunosuppression for Improved Survival of Retinal Organoids after Epiretinal Transplantation by Bikun Xian, Ziming Luo, Kaijing Li, Kang Li, Mingjun Tang, Runcai Yang, Shoutao Lu, Haijun Zhang, Jian Ge

“…We investigated the efficacy of the immunosuppressants rapamycin (RAP) and dexamethasone (DEX) in improving the survival of retinal organoids after epiretinal transplantation. …”
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