Depression in adolescence and young adulthood: the difficulty to integrate motivational/emotional systems by Teodosio Giacolini, Antonio Alcaro, David Conversi, Lorenzo Tarsitani

“…Stress is an expression of the HPA-Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal axis that articulates with other systems, mainly the autonomic nervous system and the immune-inflammatory system. …”
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FBP1 Is an Interacting Partner of Menin by Shadia Zaman, Karen Sukhodolets, Patricia Wang, Jun Qin, David Levens, Sunita K. Agarwal, Stephen J. Marx

“…Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is a syndrome characterized by tumors in multiple endocrine tissues such as the parathyroid glands, the pituitary gland, and the enteropancreatic neuroendocrine tissues. …”
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Differential diagnosis of rheumatic manifestations of acromegaly. Case report by Margarita A. Perepelova, Larisa K. Dzeranova, Taras S. Panevin, Elena G. Przhiyalkovskaya, Ekaterina A. Pigarova, Ekaterina A. Troshina, Evgeniy G. Zotkin

“…Excess growth hormone (in the vast majority of cases caused by hormone-producing pituitary adenoma – somatotropinoma), insulin-like growth factor leads to cellular, and tissue growth of almost all organs and systems, including the osteoarticular apparatus. …”
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Quercetin attenuates cisplatin-induced fatigue through mechanisms associated with the regulation of the HPA axis and MCP-1 signaling by Cheng-Hung Chuang, Yu-An Tai, Ting-Jing Wu, Ying-Jui Ho, Shu-Lan Yeh, Shu-Lan Yeh

“…The main objective of the present study was to investigate whether quercetin regulates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) signaling, two factors contributing to CRF in mice exposed to cisplatin.MethodsMale BALB/c mice were randomly assigned to the following five groups for 15 weeks: Control, CDDP, CDDP+TAK779 (an antagonist of MCP-1 receptor, human CC chemokine receptor R2 (CCR2)), CDDP+OQ (a diet containing 1% quercetin) and CDDP+IQ (quercetin given by ip, 10 mg/kg, 3 times/week).ResultsThe results first showed that OQ and IQ significantly increased grip strength and locomotor activity, decreased plasma cortisol/corticosterone levels, and decreased the corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) mRNA level in the brain tissues in mice exposed to CDDP. …”
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Differences in hair cortisol to cortisone ratio between depressed and non-depressed adolescent women by Yasmine Zerroug, Marie-France Marin, Elyse Porter-Vignola, Patricia Garel, Catherine M. Herba

“…Research on stress has demonstrated that the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis contributes to major depressive disorder in youth. …”
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A Co-Evolutionary Genetic Algorithm Approach to Optimizing Deep Learning for Brain Tumor Classification by Abdelmgeid A. Ali, Mohamed T. Hammad, Hassan S. Hassan

“…Specifically, we utilize EfficientNetB3 and DenseNet121 pre-trained models in conjunction with the Co-Evolutionary Genetic Algorithm (CEGA) to classify brain tumors into four categories: gliomas, meningiomas, pituitary adenomas, and no tumors. CEGA optimizes the hyperparameters, improving both convergence speed and accuracy. …”
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Flavins and Flavoproteins in the Neuroimmune Landscape of Stress Sensitization and Major Depressive Disorder by Schrier MS, Smirnova MI, Nemeth DP, Deth RC, Quan N

“…Besides the well-studied neurotransmission-related etiologies of MDD, several biological systems and phenomena, such as the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and cytokine signaling, have been implicated as being altered and contributing to depressive symptoms. …”
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Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Antidepressive Therapy: Shocking Relations by Peter Rotheneichner, Simona Lange, Anna O’Sullivan, Julia Marschallinger, Pia Zaunmair, Christian Geretsegger, Ludwig Aigner, Sebastien Couillard-Despres

“…Following application of electroconvulsive shocks, intricate interactions between neurogenesis, angiogenesis, and microglia activation, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the secretion of neurotrophic factors have been documented. …”
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Chemicals That Disrupt the Endocrine System and Their Effects on Behavior by Yousaf Khan1, Abdul Sattar1, Syed Amin Ullah1, Zia-Ur-Rehman2, Hakimullah3, Madeeha Bibi4, Hina Sarfraz1, Anila Mukhtiar1

“…They are specifically ductless glands and their course of action is regulated by a pea size Pituitary gland or sometimes referred as the Master Gland. …”
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Neuroendocrine Alterations in Obese Patients with Sleep Apnea Syndrome by Fabio Lanfranco, Giovanna Motta, Marco Alessandro Minetto, Matteo Baldi, Marcella Balbo, Ezio Ghigo, Emanuela Arvat, Mauro Maccario

“…A disrupted Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis activity has been described in OSAS. …”
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High-Fat Diet Augments VPAC1 Receptor-Mediated PACAP Action on the Liver, Inducing LAR Expression and Insulin Resistance by Masanori Nakata, Boyang Zhang, Yifei Yang, Takashi Okada, Norihito Shintani, Hitoshi Hashimoto, Toshihiko Yada

“…Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) acts on multiple processes of glucose and energy metabolism. …”
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A Meta-Analysis on Quantitative Sodium, Potassium and Chloride Metabolism in Horses and Ponies by Isabelle Maier, Ellen Kienzle

“…Three studies involved ponies that were later diagnosed with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID). These were compared with other data to identify quantitative differences, as they may have clinical significance. …”
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CONDITION OF HORMONAL STATUS OF THE BODY IN WHITE RATS UNDER THE EXPOSURE TO SODIUM FLUORIDE by I.Yu. Bagmut, I.L. Kolisnyk, S.I. Kryzhna, A.V. Titkova, L.Yu. Svyrydenko

“…At all levels of the study of the endocrine system, deep shifts in the functional activity of the hypothalamus-pituitary-cortical substance of the adrenal glands, thyroid gland, and sympatho-adrenal structures have been identified. …”
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Adrenal Insufficiency in Cystic Fibrosis: A Rare Phenomenon? by Sébastien Préville-Ratelle, Adèle Coriati, Aurélie Ménard, Isabelle Bourdeau, François Tremblay, Yves Berthiaume

“…The frequent use of glucocorticoids (inhaled or systemic) may induce the long-term suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Methods. We reviewed the results of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation tests done over a 10-year period to evaluate adrenal function in 69 CF patients of the CHUM CF clinic. …”
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The Role of Prolactin as a Disease Activity Indicator in Some Rheumatic Diseases by Mohamed Ismail Abdelkarem, HM Fayed, Wael Abd El-Mohsen Abady, Eman Abulhagag Mohammed Mahmoud

“…Prolactin (PRL), a hormone produced by the pituitary gland and lymphocytes, significantly affects immune regulation and is implicated in the pathophysiology of these diseases. …”
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Investigation of PACAP Fragments and Related Peptides in Chronic Retinal Hypoperfusion by Dora Werling, Dora Reglodi, Peter Kiss, Gabor Toth, Krisztina Szabadfi, Andrea Tamas, Zsolt Biro, Tamas Atlasz

“…Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) has neuroprotective effects in different neuronal and retinal injuries. …”
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A blinded comparison of fluticasone propionate with budesonide via powder devices in adult patients with moderate-to-severe asthma: a clinical evaluation by N. Ringdal, P. Swinburn, R. Backman, P. Plaschke, A. P. Sips, P. Kjaersgaard, G. Bratten, T. A. J. Harris

“…The geometric mean ratios of serum cortisol levels were found to be 1.03 for FP, indicating no mean hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis suppression from baseline, and 0.93 for BUD (p = 0.0002 compared with FP). …”
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Effects of Whole-Body 50-Hz Magnetic Field Exposure on Mouse Leydig Cells by Zsolt Forgács, Zoltán Somosy, Györgyi Kubinyi, Hanna Sinay, Jozsef Bakos, György Thuróczy, András Surján, Aranka Hudák, Ferenc Olajos, Péter Lázár

“…No MF exposurerelated histopathological alterations were found in testicles, epididymes, adrenals, prostates, and pituitary glands. The MF exposure did not affect the animal growth rate and the observed hematologic and serum chemical variables. …”
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GnRH pulse generator activity in mouse models of polycystic ovary syndrome by Ziyue Zhou, Su Young Han, Maria Pardo-Navarro, Ellen G Wall, Reena Desai, Szilvia Vas, David J Handelsman, Allan E Herbison

“…The existence of cyclical GnRH pulse generator activity in the acyclic PNA mouse indicates the presence of a complex phenotype with deficits at multiple levels of the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis.…”
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The effect of mortality salience and early-life maternal care on neuroendocrine, autonomic, and psychological stress responses by Ulrike U. Bentele, Paula Strobel, Maria Meier, Annika B. E. Benz, Raphaela J. Gaertner, Elea S. C. Klink, Bernadette F. Denk, Stephanie J. Dimitroff, Eva Unternaehrer, Jens C. Pruessner

“…Abstract Adverse early-life experiences alter the regulation of major stress systems such as the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Low early-life maternal care (MC) has repeatedly been related to blunted cortisol stress responses. …”
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