PROTACs: Mechanism and Bioavailability enhancement strategies by nanotechnology, RNA viral infections (vaccine strategy) and Prodrug development by Sanaul Mustafa, Md Sabir Hussain Siddiquee

“…The newest approaches in nanotechnology-aided drug delivery and the use of nanocarriers to address the limitations in PROTACs and their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties are discussed. They improve the solubility and stability of PROTACs, allow for targeted delivery to the tumour site and minimize toxicity to healthy cells. …”
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Evaluation of B cell related markers and autoantibodies in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with abatacept by Ting Wang, Natalia V. Giltiay, Christian Lood, Ning Wang, Bobby Kwanghoon Han

“…IgM RF and CXCL13 decreased only in responders and could be potentially used as pharmacodynamic markers.…”
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A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, multiple dose, parallel study to investigate the effects of a cathepsin S inhibitor in celiac disease by Darren Bentley, Marie Mannino, Marianne Manchester, Priscila Camillo Teixeira, Bernhard Reis, Malcolm Boyce, Sandra Nagel

“…Therefore, the primary end point was not met, although the study was underpowered to detect a treatment effect under these circumstances. Pharmacodynamic findings suggested that RO5459072 had some beneficial effects. …”
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Computation Simulation Research of Bushen Zhuangjin Decoction on Multi-target Effects in Delaying Cataplasia of Articular Cartilage by Chunsong ZHENG, Xiaojie XU, Suixin HUANG, Hongzhi YE

“…Objective:To explore the multi-target effects of Bushen Zhuangjin decoction (BSZJD) in delaying cataplasia of articular cartilage from the molecular level, and give a pharmacodynamic illustration for the theory of"treatment for flaccidity aims at the origin".Methods:Based on the simulation platforms of molecular docking and biological network, the targets of cataplasia of articular cartilage including matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) -1, MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-7, MMP-8, MMP-9, MMP-11 and MMP-13 were chosen as subject, their active-sites were built by respectively original ligand. …”
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Elritercept, a modified activin receptor IIA ligand trap, increased erythropoiesis and thrombopoiesis in a phase 1 trial by Jennifer Lachey, Christopher Rovaldi, Suresh Bobba, Jared Tur, Harveen Natarajan, Ben Snyder, Jasbir Seehra

“…The objectives of this phase 1 randomized, placebo-controlled study of elritercept were to evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamic markers of activin inhibition and hematopoiesis in healthy postmenopausal women (N = 48). …”
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Characterizing the plasma protein binding profiles of chemistry diversified antisense oligonucleotides in human and mouse plasma using an ultrafiltration method by Cassandra Yun, Kazuki Fukami, Raku Shinkyo, Rongrong (Rosa) Jiang

“…IntroductionPlasma protein binding plays a significant role in influencing the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of drugs. This study focuses on examining two pairs of sequence-matched ASOs: phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (PMOs) and 2’-O-methoxyethyl/phosphorothioate (MOE/PS)-modified ASOs, to assess their plasma protein binding profiles.MethodsThe binding of both PMO and MOE/PS-modified ASOs was investigated using an ultrafiltration method combined with hybridization electrochemiluminescence, allowing for the measurement of the unbound fraction (fu) in both mouse and human plasma. …”
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A Quantitative Examination and Comparison of the Ability of Australian Gentamicin Dosing Guidelines to Achieve Target Therapeutic Concentrations in Neonates by Luke E. Grzeskowiak, Sheree Wynne, Michael J. Stark

“…Further research to define optimal pharmacodynamic targets in neonates with respect to clinical outcomes are also urgently warranted.…”
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GC1126A, a novel ADAMTS13 mutein, evades autoantibodies in immune-mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura by Heechun Kwak, Gahee Choi, Suyong Kim, Ji-Min Park, Youngeun Kwon, Yongmin Lee, Chaemok Lee, Shangbin Yang, Spero Cataland, Sunghyun Kim, Soo-Mee Bang, Jae-Ho Yoon, Wooin Lee, Hyun-Ja Nam

“…The selected muteins were assessed for pharmacodynamic biomarkers and pharmacokinetic profiles in the iTTP-mimic and wild-type mice, respectively. …”
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Identification and Analysis of Components in Yizhi Granule and Cynomolgus Monkey Plasma after Oral Administration by UPLC/ESI-Q-TOF MS and Their Protective Effects on PC12 Cells by Erwei Hao, Jianfeng Qin, Wei Wei, Jianhua Miao, Yan Xie, Xianglong Pan, Hangxuan Wu, Jinling Xie, Xiaosu Fan, Zhengcai Du, Xiaotao Hou, Jiagang Deng

“…These results can reveal the real pharmacodynamic basis of YZG and provide a theoretical basis for subsequent studies. …”
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Phase 1 study of safety, tolerability, and efficacy of intradermal DNA vaccine ASP2390 in adults allergic to house dust mites by Thomas Kayser, MD, BS, Ronald Smulders, MD, PhD, Tomohiro Kusawake, PhD, Erik Wambre, PhD, Gurunadh R. Chichili, PhD, Mary B. Blauwet, DrPH, Anna Spence, MS, Melanie Patton, BS, Rima Tabash, PhD, Hannah A. DeBerg, PhD, Sugandhika Khosa, MS, Philipp Badorrek, MD, Jens M. Hohlfeld, MD, Brian C. Ferslew, PharmD, PhD

“…Participants received either 1 mg or 4 mg of ASP2390 or placebo intradermally once weekly for 12 weeks, with safety, tolerability, and pharmacodynamic responses assessed over a 63-week period, including early-phase clinical effects assessed via HDM exposure in an allergen challenge chamber. …”
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Improving Individualized Salbutamol Treatment: A Population Pharmacokinetic Model for Oral Salbutamol in Virtual Patients by Lara Marques, Nuno Vale

“…Each formulation exhibits distinct pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) profiles, influencing therapeutic outcomes and adverse effects. …”
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Investigation of Herb-Drug Interactions between Xylopia aethiopica, Its Principal Constituent Xylopic Acid, and Antidepressants by Christian C. Ndu, Wonder K. M. Abotsi, Priscilla K. Mante

“…XA was isolated by cold macerating dried fruits of Xylopia aethiopica in petroleum ether, crystallising impure XA with ethyl acetate, and purifying XA crystals with 96% ethanol. Pharmacodynamic interaction was assessed via isobolographic analysis of tail suspension tests of the agents individually and in their respective combinations. …”
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Rab21-Targeted Nano Drug Delivery System-Based FFPG for Efficient Paclitaxel Delivery to Inhibit Lung Cancer Progression by Jing Wang, Xueying Yan, Wenfei Wang, Shu Wang, Hongxiang Jiang, Xinhua Zhu, Zhehui Li, Defu Cai, Yonggang Xia

“…Finally, in vivo biological distribution and pharmacodynamic experiments verified the targeting and anti-tumor ability of the FFPG-Lip-PTX NDDS. …”
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Oral delivery of the non-β-blocking R-carvedilol enantiomer for skin cancer chemoprevention in SKH-1 mice by Pabitra K. Sardar, Steven Yeung, Ruby Tow, Jacqueline Luga, Matthew Huang, Ayaz Shahid, Bradley T. Andresen, Ying Huang

“…Pharmacokinetic studies were conduced in mice to evaluate the drug levels in plasma and skin tissues. Pharmacodynamic studies were used to evaluate the effects of oral R-carvedilol and racemic carvedilol on mouse blood pressure. …”
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Discovery and development of ANV419, an IL-2/anti-IL-2 antibody fusion protein with potent CD8+ T and natural killer cell-stimulating capacity for cancer immunotherapy by Patrizia Murer, Barbara Brannetti, Jean-Michel Rondeau, Laetitia Petersen, Nicole Egli, Simone Popp, Catherine Regnier, Kirsten Richter, Andreas Katopodis, Christoph Huber

“…ANV419 preferentially expands CD8+ T cells and natural killer (NK) cells over Tregs and can be safely administered at doses that elicit strong pharmacodynamic effects and efficacy in mouse tumor models. …”
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Impact of vancomycin area under the curve in early or later phase on efficacy and nephrotoxicity in patients with enterococcal bloodstream infections: a multicenter study by Piyawadee Tangvichitrerk, Dhitiwat Changpradub, Jatapat Hemapanpairoa, Piraporn Juntanawiwat, Wichai Santimaleeworagun

“…Abstract Background The optimal pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) parameters of vancomycin that can improve outcomes in enterococcal infections remain controversial. …”
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Two-dimensional cell membrane chromatography guided screening of myocardial protective compounds from Yindan Xinnaotong soft capsule by Si-Min Shao, Xuan Ji, Xing Wang, Run-Zhou Liu, Yu-Ru Cai, Xiaobing Lin, Ze-Jie Zeng, Ling Chen, Liu Yang, Hua Yang, Wen Gao

“…Through the integration of the bioinformatic analysis, the pharmacodynamic foundation of YD for myocardial protection has been comprehensively characterized. …”
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Verbascoside Inhibits the Activation of NLRP3 Inflammasome and Improves BV-2 Cell Inflammatory Damage by Wenjing HUANG, Fang CHENG, Min DU, Jiayi CHEN, Wei XIANG, Ke SHI, Xingliang XIE, Yanmei SHENG

“…Conclusion: VB can ameliorate OGD-induced inflammatory damage in BV-2 cells, which may constitute the primary pharmacodynamic basis for the anti-inflammatory effects of OEE. …”
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Evaluating the efficacy of carbetocin versus oxytocin for preventing intraoperative blood loss, early postpartum hemorrhage, and maintaining a favorable hemodynamic profile in lowe... by Bisma Fayaz, Raja Suhail Shounthoo, Ajaiz Rasool, Saima Wani, Showkat Ahmad Gurcoo

“…However, their use is compounded by the accompanying side effects, hence the need for uterotonic agents with relatively better pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile continues. Carbetocin may require less additional uterotonic administration to manage blood loss compared to oxytocin alone. …”
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First-in-human, multicenter, open-label, phase I study of ATOR-1017 (evunzekibart), a 4-1BB antibody, in patients with advanced solid malignancies by Peter Ellmark, Jeffrey Yachnin, Ana Carneiro, Lena Schultz, Amanda Hahn, Sumeet Ambarkhane, Karin Enell Smith, Gustav J. Ullenhag

“…Exploratory objectives included pharmacodynamic (PD) assessment of immune system biomarkers.Results Of the 27 patients screened, 25 received treatment with ATOR-1017. …”
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