Middle-Income Trap: A Literature Review by Fatih Karasaç, Ahmet Burçin Yereli, Fatih Akbayır

“…In general, this phenomenon is related to middle-income economies which have several difficulties in exceeding a certain level of per capita income. In this regard, most of the studies focus on developing countries and theoretically scrutinize the key factors behind this vicious circle. …”
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Measuring social vulnerability in communities and its association with leprosy burden through spatial intelligence in central West Brazil to guide strategic actions by José Francisco Martoreli Júnior, Antônio Carlos Vieira Ramos, Josilene Dália Alves, Thaís Zamboni Berra, Yan Mathias Alves, Reginaldo Bazon Vaz Tavares, Letícia Perticarrara Ferezin, Titilade Kehinde Ayandeyi Teibo, Ricardo Alexandre Arcêncio

“…Social vulnerability was measured based on the Municipal Human Development Index (MHDI), education level and average per capita income. For the spatial correlation between vulnerability and leprosy, Global and local bivariate Moran’s index was used. …”
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Mitigating the Gap Between the Rich and the Poor: Key Trends and Drivers of Redistribution by Martin Larch, Philipp Mohl

“…The evidence from panel data shows that the degree of redistribution increases with per capita income and with the share of low-tech, low-income sectors in manufacturing as well as, in line with the median voter model, when more than half of the voters earn less than the average income in countries with a majoritarian electoral system. …”
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Autogobierno y modernización de Galicia durante las cuatro últimas décadas by Xoaquín Fernández Leiceaga, Santiago Lago Peñas

“…The size of its economy has doubled, and per capita income has grown remarkably, thanks to profound structural change, with persistent reduction of the agricultural weight accompanied by high productivity gains. …”
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Attractiveness of Education in Russia: Achievements and Challenges by V. L. Petrov, V. F. Pugach

“…The authors present the findings of an analysis of the dynamics of population’s attitude to education in terms of verbal behavior indicators, such as opinions about purposes of saving and spending money on education depending on per capita income. The paper shows the evolution of education place in personal consumption expenditures and in payments for personal services. …”
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THE IMPACT OF MACROECONOMIC FACTORSON POVERTY REDUCTION IN LAMDONG PROVINCE by Hồ Quang Thanh, Hoàng Trọng Vinh, Trần Tuấn

“…The results show that two important macroeconomic factors that affect the poverty reduction of Lamdong province on the extent of the importance of individual weights are: Per capita income and quality of human resources. Finally, the authorssuggest implications and solutions for policy formulation.…”
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Desigualdade e transformações na distribuição de renda na Região Centro-Oeste do Brasil (2000-2010) by Cleverson Neves, Ednaldo Michellon, Umberto Antonio Sesso Filho

“…The increase in per capita income in the Midwest Region has not significantly changed the structure of income distribution in the municipalities, which implies the demand for public policies so that economic growth is accompanied by a process of income deconcentration.…”
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PROBLEMS OF INFLATION, UNEMPLOYMENT AND INCOME DISTRIBUTION IN THE TRANSITION OF EASTERN BLOC COUNTRIES TO MARKET ECONOMY: EXAMPLES FROM SELECTED REGIONAL COUNTRIES by Yrd. Doç. Dr. Remzi Bulut

“…As a result of this study it was concluded that transition reforms have an impact on inflation and unemployment and unemployment and inflation have an impact on per capita income.…”
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Assessment of investments in education impact on the Russian regional economic stability by V. V. Stroev

“…The influence degree of investments in the highly qualified personnel training on the unemployment reduction, growth of average per capita income of citizens, knowledge-intensive economy sectors development has been assessed. …”
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Application of multiparametric methods of data science for the classification of Russian subjects on the basis of subsidisation by A. V. Kuznetsova, L. R. Borisova, V. M. Khadartsev

“…Statistically significant patterns have been identified, reflecting the relationship of subsidisation with such indicators as investments in fixed capital, fixed assets, average per capita income and average size of assigned pensions, unemployment rate, etc. …”
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Novo coronavírus, velhas desigualdades: distribuição dos casos, óbitos e letalidade por SRAG decorrentes da covid-19 na Cidade do Recife by Jan Bitoun, Cristiana Coutinho Duarte, Anselmo César Vasconcelos Bezerra, Ana Cristina de Almeida Fernandes, Lucas Siqueira Santos

“…There was also a correspondence between strata, per capita income distribution and the black population. …”
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NON-CONTRIBUTORY SOCIAL SECURITY APPLICATION FOR ELDERLY AND INDIVIDUALS WITH DISABILITIES’: THE CASE OF TURKEY by Mete Kaan Namal, Aynur Yumurtacı, Bülent Arpat

“…In contrast, afterwards the 2016 amendment, the individuals with disabilities have faced injustice with the “per capita income” principle, which was implemented in favor of the elderly. …”
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THE EFFECT OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE ON INCOME INEQUALITY: A MULTIDIMENSIONAL PANEL DATA ANALYSIS by Abdullah Takım, Sena Gültekin

“…Within the scope of the study, 69 low, lower-middle, upper-middle and high income countries were examined according to the classification made by the World Bank, taking into account per capita income in the period 1995-2017. According to the results of the analysis applied using two different models, it has been concluded that, while trade openness and imports reduce income inequality, exports increase income inequality.…”
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GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES WITHOUT GROWTH: THE CASE OF TURKEY by Orçun Söylemez, Özkan Zülfüoğlu

“…Military expenditures are estimated as primarily important for determining the government expenditures in Turkey in the last fifty years, while tax collections happened to be the second most important factor affecting the ups and downs of government expenditures around a time-varying average line. Per capita income, urbanization and inflation also affect government expenditures in various ways.…”
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Evaluating LEADER program support for local projects: insights from the Czech Republic and Hungary (2007–2013) by Adél Veselicz, Ondřej Konečný, János Pénzes, Csaba Patkós

“…We collected data from LEADER LAGs, such as the amount of LEADER funds allocated to settlements, the unemployment rate of each LAGs, per capita income, population density and the number of member settlements. …”
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Identifying and Ranking the Factors Influencing the Performance of Human Resources in Mostazafan Foundation Using Fuzzy Delphi-AHP and BSC Methods by Morvarid Shojaie, Toraj Mojibi, Ali Mehdizadeh Ashrafi

“…The results show the ranking of indicators from the financial perspective: the organization’s profit per employee (per capita profit), the organization’s income per employee (per capita income), and the cost of compensation for total services per employee; from the customer’s point of view: the level of commitment and belonging of employees to the organization; the client’s complaint rate and employees’ perceptions of using their capabilities in the organization; in terms of internal processes: agility in hiring the right staff, key employees by market standards; and in terms of growth and learning, the percentage of key employees with a development plan, the rate of staff with a coach, and the rate of trained staff.…”
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Regional development disparity and mapping of economic potential in East Nusa Tenggara province by Frederic Winston Nalle, Yuliati Sengkoen, Rikhardus Bria Seran, Winda Aulia Rahmarini

“…The data needed is secondary data in the form of published documents from the BPS Province of NTT from 2012-2018 for the purposes of analysis such as GRDP data, population and per capita income for each district in the province of NTT. …”
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Forecast generation model of municipal solid waste using multiple linear regression by J.A. Araiza-Aguilar, M.N. Rojas-Valencia, R.A. Aguilar-Vera

“…Although other variables, such as daily per capita income and average schooling are very important, they do not seem to have an effect on the response variable in this study. …”
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A Study of Sociodemographic Determinants of Consistent and Correct Condom Use among Homosexual Males Aged 18–24 Years in a Metropolitan City by Yashowardhan V. Totala, Abhiram M. Kasbe, Rupali R. Rajput

“…Consistent and correct use of condom was observed among participants who were younger (p =<0.001), more educated (p =<0.001), belonging to a higher socioeconomic class (p =<0.001) with a high per-capita income (p =<0.001), living in a nuclear family (P = 0.004), unmarried (P = 0.0071), and staying with the family (p =<0.001). …”
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The determinants of life quality in African countries: Moderating role of CO2 emissions and health expenditures by Nazife Özge Beşer, Meral Çabaş, Süleyman Uğurlu, Cosimo Magazzino

“…Second, increases in health expenditures (HEALTH) and per capita income (GDP) significantly improve quality of life. …”
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