Nonviral targeted mRNA delivery: principles, progresses, and challenges by Xi He, Guohong Li, Letao Huang, Haixing Shi, Sha Zhong, Siyu Zhao, Xiangyu Jiao, Jinxiu Xin, Xiaoling Yin, Shengbin Liu, Zhongshan He, Mengran Guo, Chunli Yang, Zhaohui Jin, Jun Guo, Xiangrong Song

“…Due to the inherent nuclease‐instability and negative charge of mRNA, delivery systems are developed to protect the mRNA from degradation and facilitate its crossing cell membrane to express functional proteins or peptides in the cytoplasm. However, the deficiency in transfection efficiency and targeted biological distribution are still the major challenges for the mRNA delivery systems. …”
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Targeted detection of endogenous LINE-1 proteins and ORF2p interactions by Mathias I. Nielsen, Justina C. Wolters, Omar G. Rosas Bringas, Hua Jiang, Luciano H. Di Stefano, Mehrnoosh Oghbaie, Samira Hozeifi, Mats J. Nitert, Alienke van Pijkeren, Marieke Smit, Lars ter Morsche, Apostolos Mourtzinos, Vikram Deshpande, Martin S. Taylor, Brian T. Chait, John LaCava

“…Immunoassays for endogenous ORF2p have been problematic, producing apparent false positives due to cross-reactivities, and shotgun MS has not yielded reliable evidence of ORF2p peptides in biological samples. Results Here we present targeted mass spectrometry assays, selected and parallel reaction monitoring (SRM and PRM, respectively) to detect and quantify L1 ORF1p and ORF2p at their endogenous abundances. …”
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Mesangial Cells Exhibit Features of Antigen-Presenting Cells and Activate CD4+ T Cell Responses by Hongyu Yu, Shaoyuan Cui, Yan Mei, Qinggang Li, Lingling Wu, Shuwei Duan, Guangyan Cai, Hanyu Zhu, Bo Fu, Li Zhang, Zhe Feng, Xiangmei Chen

“…This finding suggests that activated mesangial cells can take up and present antigenic peptides to initiate CD4+ T cell responses and thus act as nonprofessional antigen-presenting cells. …”
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Roles for Prlhr/GPR10 and Npffr2/GPR74 in feeding responses to PrRP by Yi Wang, Weiwei Qiu, Stace Kernodle, Carly Parker, Marc-Antonio Padilla, Jiaao Su, Abigail J. Tomlinson, Stephanie Oldham, Joss Field, Elise Bernard, David Hornigold, Christopher J. Rhodes, David P. Olson, Randy J. Seeley, Martin G. Myers, Jr

“…We set out to determine roles for putative PrRP receptors in the response to NTS PrRP and exogenous PrRP-related peptides. Methods: We used animals lacking PrRP receptors GPR10 and/or GPR74 (encoded by Prlhr and Npffr2, respectively) to determine roles for each in the restraint of food intake and body weight by the increased expression of Prlh in NTSPrlh neurons (NTSPrlhOX mice) and in response to the anorectic PrRP analog, p52. …”
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Expression Analysis of Fibronectin Type III Domain-Containing (FNDC) Genes in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Colorectal Cancer by Tilo Wuensch, Jonas Wizenty, Janina Quint, Wolfgang Spitz, Madeleen Bosma, Olaf Becker, Andreas Adler, Wilfried Veltzke-Schlieker, Martin Stockmann, Sascha Weiss, Matthias Biebl, Johann Pratschke, Felix Aigner

“…FNDC signaling includes direct cell-cell interaction as well as release of bioactive peptides, like shown for FNDC4 or FNDC5. The G-protein-coupled receptor 116 (GPR116) was found as a putative FNDC4 receptor. …”
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A novel α-conotoxin [D1G, ΔQ14] LvIC decreased mouse locomotor activity by Wen Wang, Wen Wang, Meiting Wang, Huanbai Wang, Weifeng Xu, Conggang Wang, Jie Pei, Xiaodan Li, Dongting Zhangsun, Dongting Zhangsun

“…Despite their widespread presence, the functions of nAChRs are not yet fully understood. α-Conotoxins, which are peptides derived from the venom of marine cone snails, target different subtypes of nAChRs. …”
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Transdermal delivery of PeptiCRAd cancer vaccine using microneedle patches by Carmine D'Amico, Manlio Fusciello, Firas Hamdan, Federica D'Alessio, Paolo Bottega, Milda Saklauskaite, Salvatore Russo, Justin Cerioni, Khalil Elbadri, Marianna Kemell, Jouni Hirvonen, Vincenzo Cerullo, Hélder A. Santos

“…This study aims at identifying the potential of MNs for the delivery of Peptide-coated Conditionally Replicating Adenoviruses (PeptiCRAd), whereby peptides enhance the immunogenic properties of adenoviruses presenting tumor associated antigens. …”
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Functional hydrogel empowering 3D printing titanium alloys by Weimin Zhang, Jiaxin Zhang, He Liu, Yang Liu, Xiao Sheng, Sixing Zhou, Tiansen Pei, Chen Li, Jincheng Wang

“…Hydrogels composed of three-dimensional networks of hydrophilic polymers can effectively simulate the extracellular matrix of natural bone and are capable of loading bioactive molecules such as proteins, peptides, growths factors, polysaccharides, or nucleotides for localized release within the human body, by directly participating in biological processes. …”
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A customizable multiplex protein microarray for antibody testing and its application for tick-borne and other infectious diseases by Hari Krishnan Krishnamurthy, Vasanth Jayaraman, Karthik Krishna, Tianhao Wang, Kang Bei, Chithra Changalath, Shiny Matilda, Alex J. Rai, Renata Welc-Falęciak, Agnieszka Pawełczyk, Lucas S. Blanton, Aleš Chrdle, Andrea Fořtová, Daniel Růžek, Gheyath K. Nasrallah, Laith J. Abu-Raddadi, Duaa W. Al-Sadeq, Marah Abed Alhakim Abdallah, Daniele Lilleri, Chiara Fornara, Piera D’Angelo, Milena Furione, Maria Söderlund-Venermo, Klaus Hedman, Dimosthenis Chochlakis, Eirini Makridaki, Artemis Ntoula, Anna Psaroulaki, Angélica Escárcega-Ávila, John J. Rajasekaran

“…Our microarray in its present form can accommodate 400 antigens (molecules that can bind to specific antibodies) and can multiplex across antigen types, whole cell lysates, recombinant proteins, and peptides. A designed array containing multiple antigens of several microbes including Borrelia burgdorferi, the Lyme disease spirochete, was manufactured and evaluated. …”
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Phenotypic and Complete Reference Whole Genome Sequence Analyses of Two <i>Paenibacillus</i> spp. Isolates from a Gray Wolf (<i>Canis lupus</i>) Gastrointestinal Tract by Jessika L. Bryant, Jennifer McCabe, C. Cristoph Klews, MiCayla Johnson, Ariel N. Atchley, Thomas W. Cousins, Maya Barnard-Davidson, Kristina M. Smith, Mark R. Ackermann, Michael Netherland, Nur A. Hasan, Peter A. Jordan, Evan S. Forsythe, Patrick N. Ball, Bruce S. Seal

“…The genomes of both bacteria encoded enzymes involved with the metabolism of complex starches and lipids, such as lyases and pectinases, along with encoding antimicrobials such as lanthipeptides, lasso peptides, and cyclic-lactone-autoinducers. No pernicious virulence genes were identified in the WGS of either bacterial isolate. …”
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Lutetium-177 labeled iPD-L1 as a novel immunomodulator for cancer-targeted radiotherapy by Myrna Luna-Gutiérrez, Erika Azorín-Vega, Rigoberto Oros-Pantoja, Blanca Ocampo-García, Pedro Cruz-Nova, Nallely Jiménez-Mancilla, Gerardo Bravo-Villegas, Clara Santos-Cuevas, Laura Meléndez-Alafort, Guillermina Ferro-Flores

“…Recently, we reported iPD-L1 as a novel inhibitor peptide that specifically targets the cancer cell ligand PD-L1 (programmed death ligand 1). …”
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Arginase-1-specific T cells target and modulate tumor-associated macrophages by Mads Hald Andersen, Inés Lecoq, Ayako Wakatsuki Pedersen, Evelina Martinenaite, Shamaila Munir Ahmad, Maria Perez-Penco, Lucia Lara de la Torre, Marion Chapellier, Lars Rønn Olsen, Mia Aaboe-Jørgensen, Hannah Jorinde Glöckner, Anne Mette Askehøj Rømer

“…MHC class II-restricted Arg-1 peptide presentation by macrophages was confirmed by immunopeptidomics. …”
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Treatment of pancreatic cancer with irreversible electroporation and intratumoral CD40 antibody stimulates systemic immune responses that inhibit liver metastasis in an orthotopic... by Partha Ray, Tomoko Hayashi, Karen Messer, Stephen Schoenberger, Aaron Miller, Dennis Carson, Sara McArdle, Zbigniew Mikulski, Jayanth S Shankara Narayanan, Suna Erdem, Herve Tiriac, Minya Pu, Rebekah R White

“…T-cells from the IRE+CD40 Ab group recognized significantly more peptides representing candidate neoantigens than did T-cells from the IRE or untreated control groups.Conclusions IRE can induce local tumor regression and neoantigen-specific immune responses. …”
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Preclinical Efficacy and Proteomic Prediction of Molecular Targets for s-cal14.1b and s-cal14.2b Conotoxins with Antitumor Capacity in Xenografts of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma by Angélica Luna-Nophal, Fernando Díaz-Castillo, Vanessa Izquierdo-Sánchez, Jesús B. Velázquez-Fernández, Mario Orozco-Morales, Luis Lara-Mejía, Johana Bernáldez-Sarabia, Noemí Sánchez-Campos, Oscar Arrieta, José Díaz-Chávez, Jorge-Ismael Castañeda-Sánchez, Alexei-Fedorovish Licea-Navarro, Saé Muñiz-Hernández

“…This study analyzed the anticancer effects in vitro and in vivo of two peptides found in <i>C. californicus</i>. The effects of s-cal14.1b and s-cal14.2b on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cytotoxicity were evaluated in 2D and 3D cultures of MPM-derived cells. …”
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Host-microbe computational proteomic landscape in oral cancer revealed key functional and metabolic pathways between Fusobacterium nucleatum and cancer progression by Camila Paz Muñoz-Grez, Mabel Angélica Vidal, Tamara Beatriz Rojas, Luciano Esteban Ferrada, Felipe Andrés Zuñiga, Agustin Andrés Vera, Sergio Andrés Sanhueza, Romina Andrea Quiroga, Camilo Daniel Cabrera, Barbara Evelyn Antilef, Ricardo Andrés Cartes, Milovan Paolo Acevedo, Marco Andrés Fraga, Pedro Felipe Alarcón-Zapata, Mauricio Alejandro Hernández, Alexis Marcelo Salas-Burgos, Francisco Tapia-Belmonte, Milly Loreto Yáñez, Erick Marcelo Riquelme, Wilfredo Alejandro González, Cesar Andrés Rivera, Angel Alejandro Oñate, Liliana Ivonne Lamperti, Estefanía Nova-Lamperti

“…Then, the microbiome analysis revealed large number and variety of peptides from Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) in OSCC samples, from which several enzymes from the L-glutamate degradation pathway were found, indicating that L-glutamate from cancer cells is used as an energy source, and catabolized into butyrate by the bacteria. …”
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Quality of care delivery in patients with acute heart failure: insights from the international REPORT-HF registryResearch in context by Wan Ting Tay, Tiew-Hwa Katherine Teng, Wouter Ouwerkerk, Christiane E. Angermann, Kenneth Dickstein, John G.F. Cleland, Ulf Dahlstrom, Georg Ertl, Mahmoud Hassanein, Sergio V. Perrone, Mathieu Ghadanfar, Anja Schweizer, Achim Obergfell, Sean P. Collins, Gerasimos Filippatos, Carolyn S.P. Lam, Jasper Tromp

“…QIs that were least often achieved included measurement of natriuretic peptides, performance of echocardiography, treatment with guideline medical therapy, and a scheduled follow-up consultation after discharge. …”
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The transcriptional regulator Lrp activates the expression of genes involved in the biosynthesis of tilimycin and tilivalline enterotoxins in Klebsiella oxytoca by Miguel A. De la Cruz, Hilda A. Valdez-Salazar, Diana Rodríguez-Valverde, Santa Mejia-Ventura, Nayely Robles-Leyva, Tania Siqueiros-Cendón, Quintín Rascón-Cruz, Nancy León-Montes, Jorge Soria-Bustos, Fernando Chimal-Cázares, Roberto Rosales-Reyes, María L. Cedillo, Jorge A. Yañez-Santos, J. Antonio Ibarra, Javier Torres, Jorge A. Girón, James G. Fox, Miguel A. Ares

“…Both enterotoxins are non-ribosomal peptides synthesized by enzymes encoded in two divergent operons clustered in a pathogenicity island. …”
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Humoral and cellular response to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine in paediatric heart transplant recipients by Amanda Bermejo-Gómez, Laura Tarancon-Diez, Beatriz Lazaro-Martin, Begoña Santiago-Garcia, Nuria Gil Villanueva, Roberto Alonso, Mª Ángeles Muñoz-Fernández, Manuela Camino López, Alicia Hernanz-Lobo, María Luisa Navarro Gómez

“…The T-lymphocyte phenotype and SARS-CoV2-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell response was studied by multiparametric flow cytometry through peripheral blood mononuclear cells by the quantification of degranulation markers (CD107a) and intracellular cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-2) after in vitro stimulation with SARS-CoV-2 peptides from structural proteins (S, M, N, E) and non-structural viral proteins. …”
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Mapping naturally presented T cell antigens in medulloblastoma based on integrative multi-omics by Julia Velz, Lena K. Freudenmann, Gioele Medici, Marissa Dubbelaar, Malte Mohme, David R. Ghasemi, Jonas Scheid, Daniel J. Kowalewski, Angelica B. Patterson, Anna M. Zeitlberger, Katrin Lamszus, Manfred Westphal, Matthias Eyrich, Martina Messing-Jünger, Andreas Röhrig, Harald Reinhard, Kévin Beccaria, Rogeiro B. Craveiro, Beat M. Frey, Martin Sill, Sven Nahnsen, Marie Gauder, Konstantina Kapolou, Manuela Silginer, Tobias Weiss, Hans-Georg Wirsching, Patrick Roth, Michael Grotzer, Niklaus Krayenbühl, Oliver Bozinov, Luca Regli, Hans-Georg Rammensee, Elisabeth J. Rushing, Felix Sahm, Juliane S. Walz, Michael Weller, Marian C. Neidert

“…Functional testing of top-ranking novel candidate antigens demonstrates the induction of peptide-specific T cell responses, supporting their potential for T cell immunotherapy. …”
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CCL21-CCR7 blockade prevents neuroinflammation and degeneration in Parkinson’s disease models by Felipe Saceanu Leser, Flavio de Souza Júnyor, Iohanna Bianca Pagnoncelli, Anna Beatriz Delgado, Isabelle Medeiros, Ana Clara Campanelli Nóbrega, Brenda da Silva Andrade, Maiara Nascimento de Lima, Nícolas Emanoel da Silva, Laurent Jacob, Kevin Boyé, Luiz Henrique Medeiros Geraldo, Alessandra Mendonça Teles de Souza, Tatiana Maron-Gutierrez, Hugo Castro-Faria-Neto, Cristian Follmer, Carolina Braga, Gilda Angela Neves, Anne Eichmann, Luciana Ferreira Romão, Flavia Regina Souza Lima

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