Severe Legionnaires’ Disease Complicated by Rhabdomyolysis and Clinically Resistant to Moxifloxacin in a Splenectomised Patient: Too Much of a Coincidence? by Theocharis Koufakis, Ioannis Gabranis, Marianneta Chatzopoulou, Anastasios Margaritis, Maria Tsiakalou

“…More studies are required in order to clarify the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms that connect asplenia, immunological response to Legionella, and pathogen’s resistance to antibiotics.…”
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More than meets the eye: Nocardia farcinica, Candida dubliniensis and Aspergillus spp. co-infection in a patient with multiple myeloma treated with multiple treatment regimens by Lotte Vrijders, Erwin Ho, Danielle Van der Beek, Inge Vrelust, Heleen Nailis

“…In this case report, we describe a patient who received three lines of therapy, with proteasome inhibitors, corticosteroids, cyclophosphamide and lenalidomide, and who was concurrently infected with these three opportunistic pathogens. A blood stream infection with C. dubliniensis was treated with 4 weeks of anidulafungin. …”
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Cerebral Phaeohyphomycosis in a Patient with Neurosarcoidosis on Chronic Steroid Therapy Secondary to Recreational Marijuana Usage by Preetam Gongidi, Debkumar Sarkar, Eric Behling, Joshua Brody

“…Cerebral phaeohyphomycosis is often a fatal disease that typically takes a hematogenous spread after inhalation or accidental skin inoculation of pathogens. We present a patient with a history of heavy marijuana smoking while being on chronic steroid therapy for treatment of neurosarcoidosis who was found to have multiple brain abscesses from Curvularia sp. …”
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Targeting Toll-Like Receptors for Treatment of SLE by Christopher G. Horton, Zi-jian Pan, A. Darise Farris

“…Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are important innate immune receptors for the identification and clearance of invading pathogens. Twelve TLRs that recognize various conserved components of microorganisms are currently known. …”
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Conductivity, Surface Tension, and Comparative Antibacterial Efficacy Study of Different Brands of Soaps of Nepal by Narendra Kumar Chaudhary, Arush Bhattarai, Biswash Guragain, Ajaya Bhattarai

“…The bioactive ingredients present in them provide antibacterial potency to cure various skin problems caused by bacterial pathogens. Similarly, the antibacterial potency of LFBY was found higher than other soaps. …”
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A Rare Case of Localised Isolated Penile Fournier’s Gangrene and a Short Review of the Literature by Antonios Katsimantas, Nikolaos Ferakis, Panagiotis Skandalakis, Dimitrios Filippou

“…Pus culture was identified with pathogens Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus gordonii, and Prevotella melaninogenica. …”
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Repeated Long-Term DT Application in the DEREG Mouse Induces a Neutralizing Anti-DT Antibody Response by Junhua Wang, Myriam Siffert, Markus Spiliotis, Bruno Gottstein

“…Regulatory T (Tregs) cells play an important role in mediating tolerance to self-antigens but can also mediate detrimental tolerance to tumours and pathogens in a Foxp3-dependent manner. Genetic tools exploiting the foxp3 locus including bacterial artificial chromosome- (BAC-) transgenic DEpletion of REGulatory T cells (DEREG) mice have provided essential information on Treg biology and the potential therapeutic modulation of tolerance. …”
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The Malaria Burden: A South African Perspective by Marissa Balmith, Charlise Basson, Sarel J. Brand

“…Malaria is a deadly disease caused by protozoan pathogens of the Plasmodium parasite. Transmission to humans occurs through the bite of an infected female Anopheles mosquito. …”
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Antibiotic cycling versus mixing: The difficulty of using mathematicalmodels to definitively quantify their relative merits by Robert E. Beardmore, Rafael Peña-Miller

“…As a result, we agree with the tenet of Bonhoefer et al. [1] that one should not apply the results of [2] to conclude that an antibiotic cycling policy that implements cycles of drug restriction and prioritisation on an ad-hoc basis can select against drug-resistant microbial pathogens in a clinical setting any better than random drug use. …”
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Role of Antidiarrhoeal Drugs as Adjunctive Therapies for Acute Diarrhoea in Children by Christophe Faure

“…Acute diarrhoea is a leading cause of child mortality in developing countries. Principal pathogens include Escherichia coli, rotaviruses, and noroviruses. 90% of diarrhoeal deaths are attributable to inadequate sanitation. …”
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Characterization of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci and Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli in Intensive Care... by George G Zhanel, Mel DeCorby, Kim A Nichol, Patricia J Baudry, James A Karlowsky, Philippe RS Lagace-Wiens, Melissa McCracken, Michael R Mulvey, Daryl J Hoban, The Canadian Antimicrobial Resistance Alliance (CARA)

“…BACKGROUND: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) are important hospital pathogens in Canada and worldwide.…”
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Conventional Medicinal Uses, Phytoconstituents, and Biological Activities of Euphorbia officinarum L.: A Systematic Review by Imane Chamkhi, Mohamed Hnini, Jamal Aurag

“…It is also used against human pathogens (intestinal parasites). E. officinarum latex is the major part of the plant used for conventional medicine and synthesizing new bioactive compounds. …”
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Skin Immune Landscape: Inside and Outside the Organism by Florence Abdallah, Lily Mijouin, Chantal Pichon

“…The skin is an essential organ to the human body protecting it from external aggressions and pathogens. Over the years, the skin was proven to have a crucial immunological role, not only being a passive protective barrier but a network of effector cells and molecular mediators that constitute a highly sophisticated compound known as the “skin immune system” (SIS). …”
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THE STRATEGY OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY OF ACUTE UNCOMPLICATED PYELONEPHRITIS FROM THE POSITION OF ETIOLOGICAL DATA by A. D. Kaprin, A. A. Kostin, S. V. Popov

“…The choice of an antimicrobial agent in most cases is carried out empirically based on the data on the dominant pathogens and their regional resistance. In acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis duration of antimicrobial therapy should be 7–14 days. …”
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Pests and Fungal Organisms Identified on Olives (Olea europaea) in Florida by Jennifer L. Gillett-Kaufman, Sandra A. Allan, Jonael H. Bosques-Mendez, Lyle J. Buss

“…Fortunately, olives are a relatively pest-free species, but some occasional invaders can be a nuisance or cause lasting harm. A few plant pathogens that may infect olives also can lead to a decline in overall plant health, fruit yield, or the visual appearance of plants. …”
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PPARs in Alveolar Macrophage Biology by Monica R. Smith, Theodore J. Standiford, Raju C. Reddy

“…PPARs, most notably PPAR-γ, play a crucial role in regulating the activation of alveolar macrophages, which in turn occupy a pivotal place in the immune response to pathogens and particulates drawn in with inspired air. …”
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Chronic Corynebacterium striatum Septic Arthritis in a Patient Referred for Total Knee Arthroplasty by Katharine Hollnagel, Jacob Willen, Michael Ellis, Yalda Soleimanifard, Robert Booth, Sumon Nandi

“…While Corynebacterium striatum and other Corynebacterium species were historically considered contaminants, they are recently being identified as pathogens with increasing frequency. Case Summary. …”
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Peyer's Patches: The Immune Sensors of the Intestine by Camille Jung, Jean-Pierre Hugot, Frédérick Barreau

“…PPs functions like induction of immune tolerance or defense against pathogens result from the complex interplay between immune cells located in the lymphoid follicles and the follicle-associated epithelium. …”
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Veillonella Bacteremia in Alcoholic Hepatitis by Patrick Lee, Brandon K. K. Fields, Tom Liang, Michael P. Dubé, Seth Politano

“…Veillonella species are commensal bacteria of the human oral, gut, and vaginal microbiota that are rarely identified as clinically relevant pathogens. Here, we describe a novel case of Veillonella atypica bacteremia in a patient with biopsy-proven alcoholic hepatitis. …”
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Probiotics and Prebiotics: Role in Prevention of Nosocomial Sepsis in Preterm Infants by Vrinda Nair, Amuchou S. Soraisham

“…The gastrointestinal tract is an important source of potential pathogens causing nosocomial sepsis as the immature intestinal epithelium can permit translocation of bacteria and yeast. …”
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