Helicobacter pylori and T Helper Cells: Mechanisms of Immune Escape and Tolerance by Tiziana Larussa, Isabella Leone, Evelina Suraci, Maria Imeneo, Francesco Luzza

“…The presence of symptoms and their severity depend on bacterial components, host susceptibility, and environmental factors, which allow H. pylori to switch between commensalism and pathogenicity. H. pylori-driven interactions with the host immune system underlie the persistence of the infection in humans, since the bacterium is able to interfere with the activity of innate and adaptive immune cells, reducing the inflammatory response in its favour. …”
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Endothelial SHANK3 regulates tight junctions in the neonatal mouse blood-brain barrier through β-Catenin signaling by Yong-Eun Kim, Minseong Kim, Sunwhi Kim, Raham Lee, Yusuke Ujihara, Esther Magdalena Marquez-Wilkins, Yong-Hui Jiang, Esther Yang, Hyun Kim, Changhoon Lee, Changwon Park, Il Hwan Kim

“…These findings highlight a pathogenic mechanism stemming from the ASD-risk Shank3, emphasizing the significance of neonatal BECs in the BBB as a potential therapeutic target for ASD.…”
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Structural insights into the mechanism of phosphate recognition and transport by XPR1 by Wenhui Zhang, Yanke Chen, Zeyuan Guan, Yong Wang, Meng Tang, Zhangmeng Du, Jie Zhang, Meng Cheng, Jiaqi Zuo, Yan Liu, Qiang Wang, Yanjun Liu, Delin Zhang, Ping Yin, Ling Ma, Zhu Liu

“…XPR1 features 10 transmembrane α-helices forming an ion channel-like structure, with multiple Pi recognition sites along the channel. Pathogenic mutations in two arginine residues, which line the translocation channel, disrupt Pi transport. …”
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Features of the nasal microbiota in patients with allergic rhinitis: A review by Irina A. Saichenko, Fatima P. Alidzhanova, Daria V. Zyuzina, Margarita A. Diukova, Dayana G. Bajburdyan, Kirill P. Raevskii

“…This complex of microorganisms includes bacteria, viruses and fungi that form the biofilm of otolaryngological organs, which prevents the penetration of pathogenic microorganisms. Different parts of the human upper respiratory tract have similar types of bacteria, but it differs dramatically at the level of families and genera. …”
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Peptidylarginine Deiminase 2 in Murine Antiviral and Autoimmune Antibody Responses by Aisha M. Mergaert, Michael F. Denny, Brock Kingstad-Bakke, Mandar Bawadekar, S. Janna Bashar, Thomas F. Warner, Marulasiddappa Suresh, Miriam A. Shelef

“…However, the importance of PADs, particularly PAD2, in the adaptive immune response, both normal and pathogenic, is newly emerging. In this study, we evaluated a requirement for PAD2 in the antibody response in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), a T and B cell-driven murine model of rheumatoid arthritis, and in the protective antibody response to murine influenza infection. …”
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Three Unrelated Patients of Roma Ethnicity from a Single Center Carrying the Same Deletion in <i>MYD88</i> Gene: A Founder Effect? by Roberta Romano, Francesca Cillo, Laura Grilli, Alessio Ciaccio, Lorenzo Bufalo, Elisabetta Toriello, Antonio De Rosa, Carmen Rosano, Emilia Cirillo, Giancarlo Blasio, Marika Comegna, Carmela Di Domenico, Giuseppe Castaldo, Claudio Pignata, Giuliana Giardino

“…They underwent a comprehensive immunological work-up including targeted next-generation sequencing for IEIs that identified a homozygous pathogenic in-frame deletion c.157_159del p.(Glu53del) in <i>MYD88</i> gene, already described in this ethnic group, suggesting a founder effect. …”
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Potential Role of Gene Regulator NFAT5 in the Pathogenesis of Diabetes Mellitus by Lusha Cen, Fengling Xing, Liying Xu, Yi Cao

“…The distinct structure of NFAT5 governs its physiological and pathogenic roles, indicating its opposing functions. …”
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Protozoocidal activity of Stemona collinsiae against Giardia duodenalis by Khuanchai Koompapong, Supaluk Popruk, Onrapak Reamtong, Tipparat Thiangtrongjit, Sumate Ampawong, Aurapa Sakulpanich, Ruenruetai Udonsom, Kanthinich Thima, Preeyaporn M. Sreepian, Kittiyod Poovorawan, Hirotake Mori, Christen Rune Stensvold, Aongart Mahittikorn

“…Giardia duodenalis is a major pathogen of the gastrointestinal tract, and infections impact both human health and the economy. …”
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Immortalized Schwann cell lines as useful tools for pathogenesis-based therapeutic approaches to diabetic peripheral neuropathy by Kazunori Sango, Hideji Yako, Hideji Yako, Naoko Niimi, Shizuka Takaku

“…Herein, recent studies with these cell lines regarding the pathogenic factors of DPN (augmentation of the polyol and other collateral glycolysis pathways, glycative and oxidative stress-induced cell injury, autophagic and proteostatic disturbances, etc.) and therapeutic strategies targeting these factors are introduced.…”
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Characterization of a Small Supernumerary Marker Chromosome Derived from Xq28 and 14q11.2 Detected Prenatally by Akihiro Hasegawa, Osamu Samura, Taisuke Sato, Tomona Matsuoka, Yuki Ito, Kazuhiro Kajiwara, Hiroaki Aoki, Yuka Inage, Masahisa Kobayashi, Aikou Okamoto

“…Our findings suggest that this sSMC is most likely pathogenic. The collection of additional cases may be required.…”
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Transcriptomic analysis of the defense response in “Cabernet Sauvignon” grape leaf induced by Apolygus lucorum feeding by Heng Yao, Suhong Gao, Tianhua Sun, Guona Zhou, Changkuan Lu, Baojia Gao, Wenshu Chen, Yiming Liang

“…These genes were found to be involved in 42 metabolic pathways, particularly in plant hormone signaling metabolism, plant‐pathogen interaction, MAPK signaling pathway, and other metabolic pathways associated with plant‐induced insect resistance. …”
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ArgR regulates motility and virulence through positive control of flagellar genes and inhibition of diguanylate cyclase expression in Aeromonas veronii by Zucheng Wang, Yanqiong Tang, Hong Li, Juanjuan Li, Xue Chi, Xiang Ma, Zhu Liu

“…In summary, this study elucidates the molecular mechanism by which ArgR regulates motility, highlighting its crucial role in bacterial virulence and offering new insights for the prevention and control of pathogenic bacteria.…”
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Efficacy of garlic and cinnamon as an alternative to chemotherapeutic agents in controlling Saprolegnia infection in Nile tilapia by Salah M. Aly, Mohamed A. Elatta, Asmaa A. Nasr, Mohamed Fathi

“…Nile Tilapia was utilized in this study to assess the efficacy of incorporating garlic and cinnamon into their diet, aiming to enhance their immune systems and provide protection against Saprolegnia, a fungal pathogen that causes substantial economic losses in the fish farming industry. …”
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A severe microsporidian disease in cultured Atlantic Bluefin Tuna (Thunnus thynnus) by Alejandro López-Verdejo, Francisco E. Montero, Fernando de la Gándara, Miguel A. Gallego, Aurelio Ortega, Juan Antonio Raga, José F. Palacios-Abella

“…A new microsporidian species is described from farmed bluefin tunas from the Spanish Mediterranean. This new pathogen is described in a juvenile associated with a highly severe pathology of the visceral cavity. …”
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Transport and inhibition of the sphingosine-1-phosphate exporter SPNS2 by Huanyu Z. Li, Ashley C. W. Pike, Yung-Ning Chang, Dheeraj Prakaash, Zuzana Gelova, Josefina Stanka, Christophe Moreau, Hannah C. Scott, Frank Wunder, Gernot Wolf, Andreea Scacioc, Gavin McKinley, Helena Batoulis, Shubhashish Mukhopadhyay, Andrea Garofoli, Adán Pinto-Fernández, Benedikt M. Kessler, Nicola A. Burgess-Brown, Saša Štefanić, Tabea Wiedmer, Katharina L. Dürr, Vera Puetter, Alexander Ehrmann, Syma Khalid, Alvaro Ingles-Prieto, Giulio Superti-Furga, David B. Sauer

“…Finally, using these structural, localization, and S1P transport results, we identify how pathogenic mutations ablate the protein’s export activity and thereby lead to hearing loss.…”
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Dengue Viral Myositis Complicated with Rhabdomyolysis and Superinfection of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus by Vinothan Sunderalingam, Thirumavalavan Kanapathipillai, P. A. S. Edirisinghe, K. M. M. P. Dassanayake, I. H. G. S. Premawansa

“…This case stresses that red-coloured urine in dengue patients is not always due to haematuria, and if a patient’s vital signs do not respond to appropriate fluid management in DHF, sepsis from a secondary pathogen including MRSA should be suspected.…”
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Three MYO15A Mutations Identified in One Chinese Family with Autosomal Recessive Nonsyndromic Hearing Loss by Fengguo Zhang, Lei Xu, Yun Xiao, Jianfeng Li, Xiaohui Bai, Haibo Wang

“…They were concluded to be pathogenic mutations by phylogenetic analysis and structure modeling. …”
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Functional and Antimicrobial Properties of Propolis from Different Areas of Romania by Gianluca Albanese, Alexandru Ioan Giurgiu, Otilia Bobiș, Adriana Cristina Urcan, Sara Botezan, Victorița Bonta, Tudor Nicolas Ternar, Claudia Pașca, Massimo Iorizzo, Antonio De Cristofaro, Emilio Caprio, Daniel Severus Dezmirean

“…This substance plays a crucial role in the hive’s defence against a range of pathogenic agents, maintaining a consistent internal temperature and aseptic environment for the bee colony. …”
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Genomic epidemiology of invasive Group A Streptococcus infections in Argentina, 2023: high prevalence of emm1-global and detection of emm1 hypervirulent lineages by Lucía Cipolla, Ariel Gianecini, Tomas Poklepovich, Paula Etcheverry, Florencia Rocca, Mónica Prieto

“…These findings from our report shed light on the distribution of invasive Group A Streptococcus, laying the foundation for genomic surveillance of this pathogen.…”
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Changes in glycosphingolipid levels in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of individuals with Lysosomal Free Sialic Acid Storage Disorder by Marya S. Sabir, Lynne Wolfe, David R. Adams, Carla Ciccone, Forbes D. Porter, William A. Gahl, Marjan Huizing, Frances M. Platt, May Christine V. Malicdan

“…Lysosomal free sialic acid storage disorder (FSASD) is a rare, multisystem disease caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in SLC17A5, encoding the lysosomal transmembrane sialic acid exporter, sialin. …”
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