Neostigmine Attenuates Proinflammatory Cytokine Expression in Preoptic Area but Not Choroid Plexus during Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Systemic Inflammation by Andrzej P. Herman, Dorota Tomaszewska-Zaremba, Marta Kowalewska, Aleksandra Szczepkowska, Małgorzata Oleszkiewicz, Agata Krawczyńska, Maciej Wójcik, Hanna Antushevich, Janina Skipor

“…It was found that this structure seems to not express the neuronal acetylcholine (ACh) receptor subunit alpha-7, required for anti-inflammatory action of ACh. …”
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Electrical stimulation of the sciatic nerve restores inspiratory diaphragm function in mice after spinal cord injury by Ian Walling, Ian Walling, Sarah Baumgartner, Mitesh Patel, Steven A. Crone, Steven A. Crone, Steven A. Crone

“…IntroductionSpinal cord injury in the high cervical cord can impair breathing due to disruption of pathways between brainstem respiratory centers and respiratory motor neurons in the spinal cord. Electrical stimulation of limb afferents can increase ventilation in healthy humans and animals, but it is not known if limb afferent stimulation can improve breathing following a cervical injury.MethodsWe stimulated the sciatic nerve while using electromyography to measure diaphragm function in anesthetized mice following a cervical (C2) hemisection spinal cord injury, as well as in uninjured controls. …”
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A red pomegranate fruit extract-based formula ameliorates anxiety/depression-like behaviors via enhancing serotonin (5-HT) synthesis in C57BL/6 male mice by Xiping Zhu, Dongxiao Sun-Waterhouse, Chun Cui

“…The RPFE formula exhibited the abilities to normalize the levels of serum inflammatory cytokines (NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β and IFN-γ) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS), as well as relieve the injury of hippocampal neurons. The serotonin (5-HT) levels in hippocampus were increasingly enhanced, which might be mediated by reducing the activity of indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and increasing the activity of tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH). …”
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Molecular Basis of GABA Hypofunction in Adolescent Schizophrenia-Like Animals by Xiaodan Wang, Ying Hu, Wenxin Liu, Yuanyuan Ma, Xi Chen, Ting Xue, Donghong Cui

“…Cortical proteomic evaluation combined with analysis of single cell data from the Allen Brain showed that various metabolic processes were enriched in top ranks and differentially altered in excitatory neurons, GABAergic interneurons, and glial cells. …”
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Mechano-gated iontronic piezomemristor for temporal-tactile neuromorphic plasticity by Xiao Wei, Zhixin Wu, Hanfei Gao, Shiqi Cao, Xue Meng, Yuqun Lan, Huixue Su, Zhenglian Qin, Hang Liu, Wenxin Du, Yuchen Wu, Mingjie Liu, Ziguang Zhao

“…Abstract In bioneuronal systems, the synergistic interaction between mechanosensitive piezo channels and neuronal synapses can convert and transmit pressure signals into complex temporal plastic pulses with excitatory and inhibitory features. …”
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Intravenous Immunoglobulin Therapy Administered Early after Narcolepsy Type 1 Onset in Three Patients Evaluated by Clinical and Polysomnographic Follow-Up by Elisabeth Ruppert, Hélène Zagala, Juliette Chambe, Henri Comtet, Ulker Kilic-Huck, François Lefebvre, Marc Bataillard, Carmen Schroder, Laurent Calvel, Patrice Bourgin

“…Patients have a selective degeneration of hypocretin-producing neurons in the dorsolateral posterior hypothalamus with growing evidence supporting the hypothesis of an autoimmune mechanism. …”
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Técnicas de control inteligente para el seguimiento del punto de máxima potencia en turbinas eólicas by Eduardo Muñoz-Palomeque, Jesús Enrique Sierra-García, Matilde Santos

“…Se ejemplifican dos estrategias de control inteligente: una red neuronal y un controlador de lógica borrosa. Estos enfoques se enmarcan en la regulación del par electromagnético del generador y, en consecuencia, de la velocidad angular del sistema, mejorando la generación de potencia. …”
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Feature Representations Using the Reflected Rectified Linear Unit (RReLU) Activation by Chaity Banerjee, Tathagata Mukherjee, Eduardo Pasiliao Jr.

“…One important aspect of designing a neural network is the choice of the activation function to be used at the neurons of the different layers. In this work, we introduce a four-output activation function called the Reflected Rectified Linear Unit (RReLU) activation which considers both a feature and its negation during computation. …”
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A multiscale model for glioma spread including cell-tissue interactions and proliferation by Christian Engwer, Markus Knappitsch, Christina Surulescu

“…Our current accounting for two subpopulations of cells to accomodate proliferation according to the go-or-grow dichtomotyis an extension of the setting in [16].As in that paper, we assume that cancer cells use neuronal fiber tracts as invasive pathways. Hence, the individualstructure of brain tissue seems to be decisive for the tumor spread. …”
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MiR-107-3p/Atp6v0e1 contributes to protective effects of two selenium-containing peptides,TSeMMM and SeMDPGQQ on lead-induced neurotoxicity by Yong Fang, Tianhang Huang, Jian Wu, Xieqi Luo, Fengjiao Fan, Peng Li, Jian Ding, Xinyang Sun

“…In this study, RNA-sequencing and miRNA-sequencing were used to independently identify differentially expressed mRNAs and small RNAs profi les in Pb2+-treated primary fetal rat cortical neurons and then the correlated miRNA-mRNA target pairs were obtained. …”
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Effect of a Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine Formulation on Cell Survival and Apoptosis of MPP+-Treated MES 23.5 Dopaminergic Cells by Shuifen Ye, Ho Kee Koon, Wen Fan, Yihui Xu, Wei Wei, Chuanshan Xu, Jing Cai

“…Progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) is implicated in Parkinson’s disease (PD). …”
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Gut dysbiosis was inevitable, but tolerance was not: temporal responses of the murine microbiota that maintain its capacity for butyrate production correlate with sustained antinoc... by Izabella Sall, Randi Foxall, Lindsey Felth, Soren Maret, Zachary Rosa, Anirudh Gaur, Jennifer Calawa, Nadia Pavlik, Jennifer L. Whistler, Cheryl A. Whistler

“…Mice that did not develop tolerance maintained a higher capacity for production of the short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) butyrate known to bolster intestinal barriers and promote neuronal homeostasis. Both fecal microbial transplantation (FMT) from donor mice that did not develop tolerance and dietary butyrate supplementation significantly reduced the development of tolerance independently of suppression of systemic inflammation. …”
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The Effect of Visual Feedback on Writing Size in Parkinson’s Disease by Adriaan R. E. Potgieser, Elizabeth Roosma, Martijn Beudel, Bauke M. de Jong

“…Both groups wrote larger without visual feedback, which adds insight in general neuronal mechanisms underlying the balance between feed-forward and feedback in visuomotor control, mechanisms that also hold for grasping movements.…”
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Musician’s dystonia: a perspective on the strongest evidence towards new prevention and mitigation treatments by Joy Grifoni, Joy Grifoni, Valeria Crispiatico, Anna Castagna, Rosa Maria Converti, Marina Ramella, Angelo Quartarone, Teresa L’Abbate, Teresa L’Abbate, Karolina Armonaite, Karolina Armonaite, Luca Paulon, Luca Paulon, Francescaroberta Panuccio, Franca Tecchio

“…To address these challenges, we propose a novel application of the FeeSyCy principle (feedback-synchrony-plasticity), which emphasizes the pivotal role of feedback in guiding inter-neuronal synchronization and plasticity—the foundation of learning and memory. …”
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The roles of pleiotrophin in brain injuries: a narrative review of the literature by Yupeng Lei, Ruixi Zhou, Qian Mao, Xia Qiu, Dezhi Mu

“…Recently, many studies have indicated that PTN participates in the development of brain and plays a neuroprotection after brain injury, especially promoting neuronal survival and neurite outgrowth, stimulating oligodendrocyte maturation and myelination, modulating neuroinflammation, and so on.Objective However, no reviews comprehensively summarize the roles of PTN in brain injuries. …”
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Recent Advances in the Pathogenesis of Syndromic Autisms by A. Benvenuto, B. Manzi, R. Alessandrelli, C. Galasso, P. Curatolo

“…Metabolic and mitochondrial defects may have toxic effects on the brain cells, causing neuronal loss and altered modulation of neurotransmission systems. …”
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Modulatory Role of Simvastatin against Aluminium Chloride-Induced Behavioural and Biochemical Changes in Rats by Madhavan Nampoothiri, Jessy John, Nitesh Kumar, Jayesh Mudgal, Gopalan Kutty Nampurath, Mallikarjuna Rao Chamallamudi

“…To conclude, the present study suggests that simvastatin per se protects the neurons in hippocampus and frontal cortex from AlCl3, an environmental toxin.…”
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Food Intake and Core Body Temperature of Pups and Adults in a db Mouse Line Deficient in the Long Form of the Leptin Receptor without Misty Mutation by Wijang Pralampita Pulong, Miharu Ushikai, Emi Arimura, Masaharu Abe, Hiroaki Kawaguchi, Masahisa Horiuchi

“…In the most available db mouse line, wild-type (WT) mice have a mutation in the dedicator of cytokinesis 7 gene, named misty, which was recently revealed to be involved in neuronal development. Therefore, we established a line of db mice without the misty mutation using natural mating. …”
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Multiomics identify the gene expression signature of the spinal cord during aging process by Lintao Xu, Jingyu Wang, Jinjie Zhong, Weiwei Lin, Gerong Shen, Ning He, Xingjia Mao, Chunyan Fu, Zhaobo Huang, Fengdong Zhao, Xin Ye, Yongjian Zhu, Mingzhi Zheng, Hui Li, Lin-lin Wang, Kai Zhong, Lijun Zhu, Ying-ying Chen

“…Spatial transcriptomics illustrates the spatial distribution of the transcriptomic landscape in both young and senescent spinal cords and identifies distinct neuronal and glial subtypes. The ferroptosis-associated gene Fth1 is upregulated in aged spinal cords. …”
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GFRα1 Promotes Axon Regeneration after Peripheral Nerve Injury by Functioning as a Ligand by Tomoaki Suzuki, Ken Kadoya, Takeshi Endo, Miwako Yamasaki, Masahiko Watanabe, Norimasa Iwasaki

“…GFRα1 bound to a receptor complex consisting of NCAM and integrin α7β1 of dorsal root ganglion neurons in a GDNF‐RET independent manner. This is further confirmed by the Ret Y1062F knock‐in mice, which cannot transmit most of GDNF‐RET signaling. …”
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