Study on the Spontaneous Imbibition Characteristics of the Deep Longmaxi Formation Shales of the Southern Sichuan Basin, China by Chao Qian, Xizhe Li, Weijun Shen, Wei Guo, Yong Hu, Zhongcheng Li

“…The results show that mainly micropores and mesopores are growing in the deep organic-rich shale of the Longmaxi Formation. …”
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Pore Structure and Fractal Characteristics of Shale under the Control of Bedding and Size: A Case Study of Shale from the Longmaxi Formation in China by Yao Cheng, Yifeng Xie, Yulin Ma, Yanlin Zhao

“…The pores were mainly open pores and mesopores, which contributed the most to the specific surface area of the pores. …”
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Investigation into the Pore Structure and Multifractal Characteristics of Shale Reservoirs through N2 Adsorption: An Application in the Triassic Yanchang Formation, Ordos Basin, Ch... by Zhikai Liang, Zhenxue Jiang, Zhuo Li, Fenglin Gao, Xiaoqing Liu

“…According to the investigative results, the Chang 7 lacustrine shale features a complex pore system with the pores ranging from 1.5 to 10 nm in diameter. Besides, mesopores contribute significantly to the total pore volume (TPV) and total surface area (TSA). …”
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Mechanism of Damage and Deterioration of Red Sandstone in South China under Different pH Treatments by Shuguang Zhang, Shutian Zhao, Jiaqi Liu, Zhifeng Liu, Dipeng Zhu, Yingbo Li

“…With increasing acidity or alkalinity of the chemical solution, the internal pores of the rock transition from micropores to mesopores and macropores. Compared to pH = 7 neutral solution, the porosity of rock samples increases by 59.13% and 24.17% after corrosion by pH = 2 and pH = 12 solutions, respectively. …”
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Integration of NMR and NMRC in the Investigation of the Pore Size Distribution of Tight Sandstone Reservoirs: A Case Study in the Upper Paleozoic of Dongpu Depression by Ning Zhu, Suping Yao, Xuejun Wang, Binfeng Xia, Yunxian Zhang

“…Specifically, the overall PSD of type I reservoirs showed a broad unimodal distribution pattern with the peaks in the range 0.1–2 μm, indicating an association with dissolution intergranular pores, and for type II reservoirs, the overall PSD showed a bimodal distribution pattern, with their left and right peaks, in the ranges 0.004–0.01 μm and 0.15–0.4 μm, respectively, showing similar amplitudes, implying the predominance of both intergranular (mesopores) and intergranular (macropores) pores. The full PSDs of type III and IV reservoirs showed much lower amplitudes than type I and II reservoirs, indicating a lower pore number and a complex pore structure. …”
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Fast Rate Production of Biodiesel from Neem Seed Oil Using a Catalyst Made from Banana Peel Ash Loaded with Metal Oxide (Li-CaO/Fe2 (SO4)3) by Ismail J. Madai, Yusufu Abeid Chande Jande, Thomas Kivevele

“…Additionally, the nitrogen adsorption/desorption studies revealed that CBA interestingly exhibits a high BET surface area of 411.2 m2/g and promising mesopores (3.014 nm). The catalyst also displayed better recyclability evidenced by the fact that it was able to be reused after five successive runs with better recyclability of 75%. …”
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Pore Structure, Fractal Features, and Oil Content Evaluation of Lacustrine Shale: A Case Study of First Member of Paleogene Shahejie Formation, NE China by Enze Wang, Gang Chen, Hanqi Li, Yanchen Song, Jianwei Wang, Zhuoya Wu, Yue Feng

“…Based on the SEM and NA analyses, the intercrystalline pores dominate the pore system. Moreover, the mesopores contribute the most specific surface area (SA) and pore volume (PV) to the samples (average contribution rates of 74.7 and 75.0%, respectively). …”
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Shale Heterogeneity in Western Hunan and Hubei: A Case Study from the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation in Well Laidi 1 in the Laifeng-Xianfeng Block, Hubei Province by Peng Zhang, Junwei Yang, Yuqi Huang, Jinchuan Zhang, Xuan Tang, Chengwei Liu

“…The results of the low-temperature N2 adsorption-desorption experiment show that the shale pores are mainly composed of micropores and mesopores with narrow throats and complex structures, and their main morphology is of a thin-necked and wide-body ink-bottle pore. …”
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Pore Structure and Fractal Characteristics of Inter-Layer Sandstone in Marine–Continental Transitional Shale: A Case Study of the Upper Permian Longtan Formation in Southern Sichua... by Jianguo Wang, Jizhen Zhang, Xiao Xiao, Ya’na Chen, Denglin Han

“…The pore volume and specific surface area are largely attributed to the micropores and mesopores of clay minerals. The pore morphology is complex, exhibiting strong heterogeneity, predominantly characterized by slit-like and ink bottle-like features. …”
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Hydrocarbon generation, expulsion, and retention characteristics of the Permian Fengcheng shale and Lucaogou shale in the Junggar Basin: implications for the exploration of lacustr... by Wenjun He, Zhiming Li, Zhiming Li, Zhiming Li, Changrong Li, Changrong Li, Jinyi He, Jinyi He, Jinyi He, Junying Leng, Junying Leng, Junying Leng, Zhongliang Sun, Zhongliang Sun, Zhongliang Sun, Deguang Liu, Sen Yang

“…The Lucaogou shale exhibited significantly higher hydrocarbon expulsion ratios compared to Fengcheng shale, with a maximum hydrocarbon expulsion ratio 2.1 times that of Fengcheng shale. Mesopore volume and its connectivity were critical factors affecting the hydrocarbon expulsion ratio, whereas oil mobility and macropore volume have relatively limited effects. …”
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Pore Structure and Its Fractal Dimension: A Case Study of the Marine Shales of the Niutitang Formation in Northwest Hunan, South China by Wei Jiang, Yang Zhang, Tianran Ma, Song Chen, Yang Hu, Qiang Wei, Dingxiang Zhuang

“…The pores have a large specific surface area (SSA), primarily consisting of mesopores. The fractal dimensions are calculated using the FHH model and the XS model. …”
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Storage and permeation space development characteristics and water production capacity evaluation of deep coal reservoirs in Linxing-Shenfu area of Ordos Basin by Jinwei WANG, Hao XU, Yinan LIU, Bing ZHANG, Yanyong XU, Ding LIU, Peng ZONG, Yajuan WANG, Xuejing SONG

“…The results show that deep coal reservoirs in the Linxing-Shenfu area exhibit well-developed micropores, macropores, and fractures, with relatively underdeveloped mesopores. As coal rank increases, the total pore volume first decreases and then increases. …”
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Combined multi-scale characterization of pores in ultra-thick coal seams of Jurassic Xishanyao Formation, Tiaohu-Malang sags, Santanghu Basin by Yue CHEN, Qiqi LEI, Dongmin MA, Xin WANG, Xinggang WANG, Diefang HUANG, Gaoxiang RONG

“…Macropores have the largest volume proportion, accounting for 47.97% and 44.48%, respectively, followed by mesopores and small pores, and the proportion of micropores is the smallest. …”
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Removing Excess Iron from Sewage and Natural Waters: Selecting Optimal Sorbent by Ludmila A. Ivanova, Irina V. Timoshchuk, Alena K. Gorelkina, Ekaterina S. Mikhaylova, Nadezhda S. Golubeva, Evgeny N. Neverov, Tamara A. Utrobina

“…In SKD-515, iron adsorption occurred in micropores; in AC and ODM-2F, it took place in mesopores. The kinetics of iron extraction showed that the adsorption process was limited by external mass transfer. …”
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Pore fracture structure evolution and damage failure mechanism of hot dry rock induced by temperature impact effect by Yong SUN, Cheng ZHAI, Yuzhou CONG, Yangfeng ZHENG, Wei TANG, Shuai WANG, Yongshuai LAI, Yu WANG, Aikun CHEN

“…The number of pores increases, the size expands, and the increase in micro and mesopores is most significant, with a maximum porosity of 10.45%. …”
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Treatment of mine water containing ammonia nitrogen by sodium hexametaphosphate modified zeolite by Liping ZHANG, Xiang HU, Weiwei WANG, Wenbo LEI, Huitong LI, Huaran SUN, Yongqi ZHAN, Zeyu LIAN

“…Scanning electron microscopy and surface area measurements revealed that upon modification, the zeolite exhibited enlarged pores, a smoother and more loosely structured surface, increased specific surface area, decreased micropore volume, and an augmentation in mesopore, macropore, and average pore diameter. Analyses using X-ray diffraction and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy indicated no significant alteration in the fundamental framework of the modified zeolite. …”
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Key experimental technologies and their development directions for the exploration and production of deep coalbed methane by Xia YAN, Fengyin XU, Xianyue XIONG, Feng WANG, Chunhu LI, Jiyuan ZHANG, Borui XU, Qianhui CHENG, Xiong HU, Xueguang ZHU, Wei LIANG, Pu YUAN, Yanqing FENG, Zhenji WEI

“…ProspectsThis study posits seven development directions for deep CBM production and in-situ coal conversion experiments: (1) Clear, direct observation techniques for micropores (< 2 nm) in deep coal seams with ultra-low porosity and permeability, full-scale pore size splicing technology for multiscale pore structure characterized by abundant micropores, a few mesopores, and many macropores, and assessment techniques for pore-fracture connectivity. (2) Isothermal adsorption test technologies for raw coals considering the effects of deep coal seam wettability, fracturing fluid invasion, and high total dissolved solids (TDS) under high-temperature, high-pressure in-situ conditions; (3) Sealed coring devices and in-situ pressure-retaining coring technologies featuring high pressure retaining success rates, heat preservation rates, and traceable gas volume. (4) Nanoscience-based assessment technologies for gas and water occurrence in micropores in deep coal seams under high-temperature and high-pressure multi-field coupling, and experimental technologies for desorption, diffusion, and seepage across nano-micro-millimeter scales. (5) Techniques for developing and testing multifunctional mechanical experiment equipment applicable to in-situ conditions of deep coal seams featuring high stress, low modulus of elasticity, and high Poisson's ratio. (6) Experimental techniques for the purpose of enhancing CBM recovery of deep coal seams, including reservoir stimulation (microwaves, laser, and electric heating), stimulation for permeability enhancement (electromagnetic pulses, pulsed ultrasonic waves, and controlled shockwaves), displacement via CO2 injection, and mechanical pulsation with supercritical CO2. (7) Experimental techniques for in-situ coal conversion and utilization, including pyrolysis, underground coal gasification (UCG), geothermal utilization, and CO2 geological storage. …”
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