Q11, a CYP2E1 inhibitor, exerts anti-hepatocellular carcinoma effect by inhibiting M2 macrophage polarization by Cunzhen Zhang, Yan Fang, Mengxue Guo, Liming Tang, Yurong Xing, Jun Zhou, Yuanyuan Guo, Yuhan Gu, Qiang Wen, Na Gao, Haiwei Xu, Hailing Qiao

“…Both Q11 and Cyp2e1 knockout could effectively suppress tumor growth. Q11 reduces the production of CYP2E1 metabolites ( ±)9(10)-DiHOME and ( ±)12(13)-DiHOME, thus attenuating PPARγ activation and M2 macrophage polarization. …”
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High antimony resistance strain Enterobacter sp. Z1 mediates biomineralization of antimony trioxide by Zijie Zhou, Hongbo Yu, Gejiao Wang, Mingshun Li, Kaixiang Shi

“…Additionally, reduced Sb(III) biomineralization and intracellular pH levels were observed following aceE gene knockout in Enterobacter sp. Z1. However, this impaired phenotype was rescued by complementing the aceE gene or introducing purified AceE into the bacterial lysates. …”
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Inflammatory disease progression shapes nanoparticle biomolecular corona-mediated immune activation profiles by Jacob R. Shaw, Nicholas Caprio, Nhu Truong, Mehari Weldemariam, Anh Tran, Nageswara Pilli, Swarnima Pandey, Jace W. Jones, Maureen A. Kane, Ryan M. Pearson

“…Pharmacological inhibition and genetic knockout studies validate that NP coronas mediate this response through TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling. …”
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Disruption of Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-Associated Factor 5 Exacerbates Murine Experimental Colitis via Regulating T Helper Cell-Mediated Inflammation by Jian Shang, Lixia Li, Xiaobing Wang, Huaqin Pan, Shi Liu, Ruohang He, Jin Li, Qiu Zhao

“…Colitis was induced in TRAF5 knockout (KO) mice and their wild-type (WT) littermates by administering 3% DSS orally for 7 days. …”
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A chemical genetic screen with the EXO70 inhibitor Endosidin2 uncovers potential modulators of exocytosis in Arabidopsis by Xiaohui Li, Diwen Wang, Xianglin Yin, Mingji Dai, Christopher J. Staiger, Chunhua Zhang

“…Traditional genetic screens encounter practical issues in exocyst subunit mutant backgrounds, such as lethality of certain knockout mutants and/or potential redundancy of EXO70 homologs. …”
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Signaling pathway mechanisms of circadian clock gene Bmal1 regulating bone and cartilage metabolism: a review by Yiting Ze, Yongyao Wu, Zhen Tan, Rui Li, Rong Li, Wenzhen Gao, Qing Zhao

“…This paper reviews the signaling pathways by which Bmal1 regulates bone/cartilage metabolism, the upstream regulatory factors that control Bmal1, and the current Bmal1 knockout mouse models for research. We hope to provide new insights for the prevention and treatment of bone/cartilage diseases related to circadian rhythms.…”
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The Dissemination of Rift Valley Fever Virus to the Eye and Sensory Neurons of Zebrafish Larvae Is Stat1-Dependent by Sebastiaan ter Horst, Aleksandra Siekierska, Ann-Sofie De Meulemeester, Arno Cuvry, Laura Cools, Johan Neyts, Peter de Witte, Joana Rocha-Pereira

“…Treatment with the JAK-inhibitor ruxolitinib, as well as knockout of <i>stat1a</i> but not <i>stat1b</i>, enhanced RVFV replication to ~6 log₁₀ viral RNA copies/larva and ultra-bright livers, although without dissemination to sensory neurons or the eye, thereby confirming the critical role of <i>stat1</i> in RVFV pathogenesis.…”
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Anionic liposomes prepared without organic solvents for effective siRNA delivery by Xiu Han, Yan Lu, Zhaoluo Xu, Yanan Chu, Xueping Ma, Haiping Wu, Bingjie Zou, Guohua Zhou

“…Additionally, siRNA delivered by anionic liposomes could play an effective role in knockout. Therefore, anionic liposomes prepared with glycerol will be a safe and effective delivery platform for siRNA and even other nucleic acid drugs.…”
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The Role of PPARs in Lung Fibrosis by Heather F. Lakatos, Thomas H. Thatcher, R. Matthew Kottmann, Tatiana M. Garcia, Richard P. Phipps, Patricia J. Sime

“…In the mouse model of lung fibrosis induced by bleomycin, a PPARα agonist significantly inhibited the fibrotic response, while PPARα knockout mice developed more serious fibrosis. PPARβ/δ appears to play a critical role in regulating the transition from inflammation to wound healing. …”
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Tigulixostat Alleviates Hyperuricemic Nephropathy by Promoting M2 Macrophage Polarization by Xue L, Tao Q, Chang H, Yan S, Wang L, Zhao Z, Tu C

“…Currently, xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitors are the predominant uric-lowering medications on the market.Methods: In this study, we utilized single-cell RNA sequencing, spatial metabolomics, plasma metabolomics, flow cytometry to explore the effects of Tigulixostat on uric acid level and hyperuricemic nephropathy (HN) in Uox-KO mouse model.Results: In this study, we discovered that Tigulixostat (LC350189) more effectively reduced SUA levels and resulted in better renal outcomes compared to allopurinol, without inducing liver injury in urate oxidase knockout (Uox-KO) mice. Mechanistically, we found that Tigulixostat improved HN by promoting M2 macrophage polarization.Conclusion: These findings suggest Tigulixostat as a promising therapeutic option for managing hyperuricemia and related kidney conditions. …”
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Neuronal subset-specific Pten-deficient mice do not exhibit deficits in sensorimotor gating processes [version 3; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations] by Matthew S. Binder, Joaquin N. Lugo, Suzanne O. Nolan

“…However, this behavior has not been examined in the neuronal subset-specific (NS)-Pten knockout (KO) model of ASD. NS-Pten KO mice exhibit hyperactivity of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway which is implicated in the onset of autistic deficits. …”
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Increased RTN3 phenocopies nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by inhibiting the AMPK–IDH2 pathway by Hao Huang, Shuai Guo, Ya‐Qin Chen, Yu‐Xing Liu, Jie‐Yuan Jin, Yun Liang, Liang‐Liang Fan, Rong Xiang

“…Mechanistically, RTN3 regulated these events through its interactions with glucose‐regulated protein 78 (GRP78), which further inhibited the adenosine 5 monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK)–isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) pathway. In the end, knockout of RTN3 relieved fatty liver and mitochondrial dysfunction. …”
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NLRP12/C1qA positive feedback in tumor-associated macrophages regulates immunosuppression through LILRB4/NF-κB pathway in lung adenocarcinoma by Jiaxin Yin, Yuxiao Song, Yang Fu, Jun Wang, Zhimin Zhang, Shasha Ruan, Gaoli Liu, Bicheng Zhang

“…NLRP12-overexpressing TAMs promoted tumor cells’ malignant progression and inhibited T cells’ proliferation and cytotoxic function. Lastly, NLRP12 knockout (NLRP12−/−) reversed macrophage polarization, enhanced T-cell anti-tumor immunity, and suppressed tumor growth. …”
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Muscarinic cannabinoid suppression of excitation, a novel form of coincidence detection by Michaela Dvorakova, Ken Mackie, Alex Straiker

“…Its induction is blocked by CB1 and muscarinic M3/M5 receptor antagonists and is absent in CB1 receptor knockout neurons. Notably, once it is established, inhibition is reversed by a CB1, but not a muscarinic, antagonist, suggesting that the inhibition occurs via persistent activation of CB1 receptors. …”
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Pivotal roles of biglycan and decorin in regulating bone mass, water retention, and bone toughness by Rui Hua, Yan Han, Qingwen Ni, Roberto J. Fajardo, Renato V. Iozzo, Rafay Ahmed, Jeffry S. Nyman, Xiaodu Wang, Jean X. Jiang

“…In this study, we utilized single knockout (KO) mouse models and successfully generated double KO (dKO) models despite challenges with low yield. …”
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Novel Role of Endogenous Catalase in Macrophage Polarization in Adipose Tissue by Ye Seul Park, Md Jamal Uddin, Lingjuan Piao, Inah Hwang, Jung Hwa Lee, Hunjoo Ha

“…Thus, we examined the role of endogenous catalase, a key regulator of oxidative stress, in the activity of adipose tissue macrophages in obese mice. Catalase knockout (CKO) exacerbated insulin resistance, amplified oxidative stress, and accelerated macrophage infiltration into epididymal white adipose tissue in mice on normal or high-fat diet. …”
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Acrylamide exposure promotes the progression of depression-like behavior in mice with CUMS via GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis by JianFeng Liu, Chenyang Han, Jian Shen, Yingcong Lin, Heping Shen, Genghuan Wang

“…Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect tissue inflammatory factor levels, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Nissl staining to detect neuronal damage, immunohistochemical staining to detect IBA-1 expression, and Western-blotting to detect protein levels. GSDMD knockout (KO) mice and the GSDMD inhibitor LDC7559 were used to inhibit GSDMD. …”
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Endothelial SHANK3 regulates tight junctions in the neonatal mouse blood-brain barrier through β-Catenin signaling by Yong-Eun Kim, Minseong Kim, Sunwhi Kim, Raham Lee, Yusuke Ujihara, Esther Magdalena Marquez-Wilkins, Yong-Hui Jiang, Esther Yang, Hyun Kim, Changhoon Lee, Changwon Park, Il Hwan Kim

“…Endothelium-specific Shank3 (eShank3) knockout (KO) neonatal mice exhibit male-specific BBB-hyperpermeability, reduced neuronal excitability, and impaired ultra-sonic communications. …”
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Role of the Kaiso gene in the development of inflammation in Mucin-2 defcient mice by E. A. Litvinova, K. M. Achasova, M. A. Borisova, S. V. Zhenilo, E. B. Prokhortchouk, E. N. Kozhevnikova

“…The defciency of the Kaiso transcription factor in Mucin-2 knockout mice causes a decrease in the expression level of only the Cox2 and Tff3 genes. …”
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Evaluation of the Digital Ventilated Cage® system for circadian phenotyping by Selma Tir, Russell G. Foster, Stuart N. Peirson

“…Home cage activity in C57BL/6J mice was recorded under a range of lighting conditions, along with circadian clock-deficient cryptochrome-deficient mice (Cry1 −/− , Cry2 −/− double knockout). C57BL/6J mice exhibited a 24 h period under light/dark conditions, with a free-running period of 23.5 h under constant dark, and period lengthening under constant light. …”
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