Mechanism of Qingjie Fuzheng Granules on alleviating 5-FU chemotherapy-induced intestinal mucositis in a mouse model of Colorectal Cancer by regulating Cathepsin B/NLRP3 pathway by Yuan Yingfei, Lin Jiumao, Lin Minghe, Zhao Jinyan, Chen Xuzheng, Liu Jinhong, Zhu Xiaoqin

“…The expressions of diamine oxidase (DAO), D-lactic acid (D-LA), endotoxin (ET), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin -1β(IL-1β) and interleukin -6(IL-6) in serum were detected by ELISA. …”
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Coronavirus Disease 2019-Related Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis by Ji-Gan Wang, Zhi-Juan Zhong, Meng Li, Jun Fu, Yu-Heng Su, You-Min Ping, Zi-Ji Xu, Hao Li, Yan-Hao Chen, Yu-Li Huang

“…The incidences of reduced lymphocytes, thrombocytopenia, hypoalbuminemia, elevated C-reactive protein, ferritin, LDH, interleukin-6, PCT, and FIB were 61.51%, 26.42%, 77.92%, 98.5%, 86.79%, 80.59%, 89.30%, 85.10%, and 87.01%, respectively. …”
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Network and systems biology approaches help investigate gene regulatory interactions between Salmonella disease and host in chickens: Model‐based in silico evidence combined with g... by Reza Tohidi, Hoda Javaheri Bargourooshi, Arash Javanmard

“…The summary of gene ontology and related genes found for SE resistance was surprisingly comprehensive and covered the following topics: positive regulation of endopeptidase activity, interleukin‐8 production, chemokine production, interferon‐gamma production, interleukin‐6 production, positive regulation of mononuclear cell proliferation and response to interferon‐gamma. …”
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Effect of Electroacupuncture Preconditioning on Inflammatory Factors of Rabbits after Spinal Cord Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Mengli YAO, Xianghua CHEN, Zhaohui CHEN, Hai WANG

“…Objective:To observe the effects of electroacupuncture preconditioning on the pathological changes of spinal cord tissue and the expression of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β(IL-1β), interleukin-6(IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-1 receptor antagonist(IL-1Rα)after spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury, and to explore the protective mechanism of electroacupuncture on spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury in rabbits.Methods:A total of twenty-four New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into the sham operation group, the model group and the electroacupuncture group according to the random number table method, with eight cases in each group.The model was made by Zivin method in the model group and the electroacupuncture group, the abdominal cavity was opened after intravenous anesthesia at ear margin, the abdominal aorta was exposed and temporarily clamped, and the rabbit model of spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury was established after ischemia for thirty minutes.The model preparation and experimental animal treatment of the sham operation group were the same as those of the model group, however, the dissection was fully exposed without clamping the abdominal aorta.At thirty minutes before the induction of rabbit spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion model, SDZ-II electroacupuncture instrument was used to acupuncture bilateral"Xuanzhong"and"Yanglingquan"acupoints in the electroacupuncture group, intervention for thirty minutes.All rabbits were killed after intervention for twelve hours, and the L2-5 segments of spinal cord tissue were captured.HE staining method was used to observe the pathological changes of spinal cord tissues in the three groups; Immunohistochemical method was used to observe the localization and content changes of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to detect the contents of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1Rα in serum before modeling and 4, 8, 12 hours after ischemia-reperfusion.Results:①HE staining results: compared with the sham operation group, the number of neurons in spinal cord tissue in the model group decreased, the color of nucleus and cytoplasm of cells became lighter, and the boundary of nuclear membrane was not clear.In severe cases, the nucleus dissolved or even nucleolus disappeared, there were transparent areas around cells, and axons showed different degrees of degeneration such as enlargement, swelling and disappearance; compared with the model group, the number of neurons in the electroacupuncture group increased, the structure of most neurons was clear, the atrophy degree of nucleolus and nucleus was light, only a small amount of cells became deformed and necrosis, the damage degree of cells were lighter, and the density of surviving neurons increased.②Immunohistochemistry results: compared with the sham operation group, the expressions of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α of spinal cord tissue in the model group were significantly increased(<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05);compared with the model group, the contents of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in the spinal cord of rabbits in the electroacupuncture group were significantly decreased(<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05).③ELISA results: Before modeling, there was no significant difference in the three groups(<italic>P</italic>&gt;0.05);compared with before modeling, the expressions of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1Rα in serum of the three groups increased in different degrees at 4, 8 and 12 h after ischemia-reperfusion, with significantly significance(<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05);compared with the sham operation group at the same time, the expressions of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1Rα in the model group increased significantly at 4, 8 and 12 h after reperfusion(<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05);compared with the model group at the same time, the expression of IL-1β and TNF-α in the electroacupuncture group decreased significantly at 4, 8, 12 h after reperfusion(<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05).Conclusion:Electroacupuncture pretreatment can effectively alleviate the pathological injury of spinal cord and has a good protective effect on spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury, which may be related to inhibit the expression of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α and promote the expression of IL-1Rα.…”
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CYTOKINES AND PROTEINS OF THE EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX IN THE BLOOD OF RATS OF DIFFERENT AGES AFTER FILLING THE DEFECT IN THE FEMORAL METAPHYSIS WITH ALLOGENEIC BONE IMPLANTS SATURATED... by Petro Vorontsov, Frida Leontieva, Vladyslav Tulyakov, Igor Husakov

“…On the model of a transcortical defect in the metaphysis of the femur, the content in the blood serum of 3 and 12 months white rats of interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), transforming growth factor-b (TGF-b), osteocalcin (OC) and osteopontin (OP) on the 14th, 28th and 90 days was investigated. …”
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Direct effects of prolonged TNF-α and IL-6 exposure on neural activity in human iPSC-derived neuron-astrocyte co-cultures by Noah Goshi, Doris Lam, Chandrakumar Bogguri, Vivek Kurien George, Aimy Sebastian, Jose Cadena, Nicole F. Leon, Nicholas R. Hum, Dina R. Weilhammer, Nicholas O. Fischer, Heather A. Enright

“…Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) are two such cytokines that are elevated in patients diagnosed with long-COVID and ME/CFS. …”
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Serum Leptin Is not a Diagnostic Marker for Familial Mediterranean Fever Attacks

“…We investigated serum levels of leptin, interleukin-6 (IL-6) erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR),} C-reactive protein (CRP),fibrinogen, and leukocyte counts before the attack and 8&#8211;12 hours after the attack started. …”
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Serum Neuropeptide Y Levels Are Associated with TNF-α Levels and Disease Activity in Rheumatoid Arthritis by Melissa Ramirez-Villafaña, Ana M. Saldaña-Cruz, Javier A. Aceves-Aceves, Edsaul E. Perez-Guerrero, Nicté S. Fajardo-Robledo, Edy D. Rubio-Arellano, Cesar A. Nava-Valdivia, Maria O. Carrillo-Escalante, Sylvia E. Totsuka-Sutto, David Cardona-Müller, Betsabe Contreras-Haro, Mario Salazar-Paramo, Ernesto G. Cardona-Muñoz, M. Huerta, Jorge I. Gamez-Nava, Norma A. Rodriguez-Jimenez, Laura Gonzalez-Lopez

“…Therefore, we evaluate if NPY levels are markers of disease activity in RA and if there is a correlation between NPY levels and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), leptin, and interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels. Methods. Cross-sectional design, including 108 women with RA. …”
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Effect and Mechanism of Electroacupuncture at the Affected Side of Quchi （LI 11） and Yanglingquan （GB 34） Acupoints in Rats with Limb Spasms after Cerebral Infarction by ZHAN Sheng, HUANG Linxing, YI Lizhen, CHEN Ruixue, HUANG Huiyuan, YUE Zenghui

“…ObjectiveTo observe the effect of electroacupuncture at the affected side of Quchi (LI 11) and Yanglingquan (GB 34) acupoints on cortical injury and serum inflammatory factors [interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)], glutamate (Glu), malondialdehyde (MDA), riboflavin kinase (RFK) and NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) in rats with post-stroke spasticity(PSS), and to investigate the mechanism of electroacupuncture in alleviating brain injury after ischemic stroke.MethodsA total of 30 SPF healthy adult male SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group and model group, with 10 and 20 rats in each group. …”
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Klebsiella pneumoniae induces dose-dependent shock, organ dysfunction, and coagulopathy in a nonhuman primate critical care model by Jeffrey R. Strich, Marcos J. Ramos-Benitez, Seth Warner, Heather Kendall, Sydney Stein, Andrew P. Platt, Sabrina C. Ramelli, Shelly J. Curran, Izabella Lach, Kiana Allen, Ashley Babyak, Luis J. Perez-Valencia, Mahnaz Minai, Junfeng Sun, Kevin M. Vannella, Derron Alves, Richard Herbert, Daniel S. Chertow

“…Neutrophil activation evidenced by increased CD11b expression, decreased CD62L expression, and increased circulating levels of myeloperoxidase, lactoferrin, and neutrophil extracellular traps; monocyte activation evidenced by increased circulating levels of interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1; and endothelial activation evidenced by increased circulating levels of syndecan-1 and angiopoietin-II were all consistent with human sepsis. …”
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Core microbe Bifidobacterium in the hindgut of calves improves the growth phenotype of young hosts by regulating microbial functions and host metabolism by Yimin Zhuang, Duo Gao, Wen Jiang, Yiming Xu, Guanglei Liu, Guobin Hou, Tianyu Chen, Shangru Li, Siyuan Zhang, Shuai Liu, Jingjun Wang, Jianxin Xiao, Mengmeng Li, Wei Wang, Shengli Li, Zhijun Cao

“…Calves in cluster2 showed better growth performance, including higher body weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG), and dry matter intake (DMI), as well as better serum indicators with a high level of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) compared to those in cluster1. …”
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Effects of combined use of compound acidifiers and plant essential oils in feed on the reproductive performance and physiological status of Xianjv chickens by Zhaobin Wang, Caiyun Zhang, Huicheng Wang, Tiantian Gu, Yong Tian, Zhuoya Gu, Li Chen, Tao Zeng, Lizhi Lu, Wenwu Xu

“…It also lowered inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and improved intestinal health by enhancing digestive enzyme activities, including trypsin and lipase, in the duodenum and jejunum. …”
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Intervention effect and mechanism of Dracocephalum moldavica L. extract on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats by Xiaoyu SUN, Li CHEN, Ruifang GAO, Hui YU, Min JIN

“…Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in rats. …”
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Safety and efficacy of low-dose esketamine weakly opioidized anesthesia in elderly patients with lumbar spinal stenosis undergoing surgery: a prospective, double-blind randomized c... by Ni-Na Hou, Meng-Yun Zhang, Yu-Wei Zhang, Hong-Jing Wu, Hong Luo, Heng Yang

“…Pain (VAS rest and movement scores) on preoperative day 1 (POD-1), postoperative day 1 (POD1), postoperative day 3 (POD3), and postoperative day 7 (POD7), and serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) on POD-1, POD1, POD3, and POD7 were the secondary outcomes. …”
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Influence of enteral nutrition support via nasointestinal tube combined with fast-truck surgery on nutritional status, complications and postoperative rehabilitation of patients wi... by LU Huixin (卢卉欣)

“…The nutritional status［serum total protein (TP), prealbumin (PAB)、hemoglobin (Hb)］, intestinal mucosal barrier function ［intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP), plasma D- lactic acid (D-LA)］, inflammatory factor ［interleukin-6 (IL-6), hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), postoperative complication, postoperative rehabilitation［Fugl-meyer Motor Function Rating Scale (FMA), The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS)］ of patients were measured and compared between two groups. …”
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Neuroprotective role of epigallocatechin-3-gallate, albeginin and melanoxetin in alzheimer's disease by Arif Malik, Mehreen Hassan, Sulayman Waquar, Muhammad Wasim, Anam Naz, Faryal M. Awan, Muhammad T. Khan, Ali I. Khawaja, Sumera Zaib, Jamshed Iqbal, Ayesha Zahid, Marvi Marvi, Javeid Iqbal, Heng Wang, Dong-Qing Wei

“…Study design: The study targeted specific AD-related proteins, including acetylcholinesterase (AChE), alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase (AKT-1), β-secretase-1 (BACE-1), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), caspase-3, glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3), interleukin-6 (IL-6), mitogen-activated protein kinase-2 (MAPK-2), matrix metalloproteins-8 (MMP-8), N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR), Peptidyl arginine deiminase-2 (PAD-2), Presenilin-1 (PSEN-1), mitogen-activated protein kinase-14 (MAPK-14/P38), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). …”
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Effect of Berberine on the Inflammatory Response of ANA-1 Cells Induced by Angiotensin Ⅱ Based on TLR4 Signaling Pathway by GAO Dexing, JIA Peizhi, PENG Jun, LIN Wei

“…Cell proliferation and toxicity test (CCK-8) was used to detect the effect of different concentrations of BBR on cell viability; the flow cytometry was used to detect the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of TLR4 on cell membrane ; ELISA method was used to detect the content of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α); the real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect the mRNA level of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α; Western blot was used to detect the phosphorylation of p-ERK/ERK, p-p38/p38, p-JNK/JNK, p-p65/p65 and p-IRF3/IRF3 and the expression of TLR4, MyD88 and AP-1; the biochemical assay was used to detect the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD).Results① CCK-8 assay results: compared with the control group, there was no significant difference in cell activity of the low, medium and high- dose BBR group, the difference was not statistically significant (<italic>P</italic>&gt;0.05). ② Flow cytometry results: compared with the fluorescent antibody group, MFI of the model group was significantly decreased; compared with the model group, MFI of the model group + the high dose BBR group was significantly increased, the difference was statistically significant (<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05). ③ ELISA results: compared with the control group, the content of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF- α of the model group was significantly increased; compared with the model group, the content of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF- α of the model group + the low, medium and high dose BBR group was significantly decreased, the difference was statistically significant (<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05). ④ Real-time quantitative PCR results: compared with the control group, the mRNA level of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α of the model group was significantly increased; compared with the model group, the mRNA level of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF- α of the model group + the low, medium and high-dose BBR group was significantly decreased, the difference was statistically significant (<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05). ⑤ Western blot results: compared with the control group, the phosphorylation expression of p65 and IRF-3 protein of the model group after intervention for 45 minutes was significantly increased, and the phosphorylation expression of p65, IRF-3 protein in the model group + the low, medium and high-dose BBR group was significantly decreased. …”
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Analysis of fatty acid-derived lipids in critically ill patients after cardiac surgery yields novel pathophysiologically relevant mediators with possible relevance for systemic inf... by Holger Neb, Verena Roth, Jessica Roos, Jessica Roos, Tom Bauer, Anja Urbschat, Ulrike Heinicke, Carlo Angioni, Dieter Steinhilber, Dieter Steinhilber, Matthias Piesche, Matthias Piesche, Nerea Ferreirós, Robert Gurke, Robert Gurke, Gerd Geisslinger, Gerd Geisslinger, Edith Utech, Kai Zacharowski, Patrick Meybohm, Patrick Meybohm, Patrick Paulus, Elke Schmitt, Elke Schmitt, Thorsten Jürgen Maier, Thorsten Jürgen Maier

“…Inflammatory stages were illustrated over time using clinically established biomarkers such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and leukocyte count. Normal range values of the lipids were obtained from healthy volunteers.ResultsPlasma levels clearly outside the normal range were observed for 22 of 53 lipid mediators, of which 13 were increased (including ceramides Cer (d18:0/18:0), Cer (d18:1/16:0), Cer (d18:1/18:1), glucosyl-ceramide GluCer (d18:1/24:1), lactosylceramide LacCer (d18:1/18:0), and LacCer (d18:1/24:1), 6-keto-prostaglandin F1alpha (6-keto-PGF1alpha), 11,12- and 14,15-DHET and 1- and 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (1-AG and 2-AG), Sphingosine SPH (d18:1) and 20-HETE. …”
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Development and validation of predictive models of early immune effector cell–associated hematotoxicity by Emily C. Liang, Jennifer J. Huang, Andrew J. Portuguese, Valentín Ortiz-Maldonado, Aya Albittar, Natalie Wuliji, Ryan Basom, Yein Jeon, Qian Wu, Aiko Torkelson, Delaney Kirchmeier, Abigail Chutnik, Barbara Pender, Mohamed Sorror, Joshua A. Hill, Noam E. Kopmar, Rahul Banerjee, Andrew J. Cowan, Damian Green, Ajay K. Gopal, Christina Poh, Mazyar Shadman, Alexandre V. Hirayama, Brian G. Till, Erik L. Kimble, Lorenzo Iovino, Aude G. Chapuis, Folashade Otegbeye, Ryan D. Cassaday, Filippo Milano, Cameron J. Turtle, David G. Maloney, Jordan Gauthier

“…In univariate logistic regression, preinfusion factors associated with severe eICAHT included disease type (acute lymphoblastic leukemia), prelymphodepletion (pre-LD) blood counts including absolute neutrophil count (ANC), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and inflammatory (C-reactive protein [CRP], ferritin, and interleukin-6 [IL-6]) and coagulopathy biomarkers (D-dimer). …”
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Comparative analysis of the performance, egg quality and ovarian immune function of fast and slow feather strains in tianfu green shell laying hens at various stages of egg product... by Zhi Hu, Hengyong Xu, Zhipeng Zhang, Yuxiang Lu, Yuxin Zhou, Jiajun Zhu, Qingqing Deng, Xi Wang, Yiping Liu, Yao Zhang, Yan Wang

“…Additionally, the expression levels of IFN-γ and interleukin 6 (IL-6) genes in the ovaries were markedly higher in EF hens. …”
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