Glycerol Monolaurate Complex Improved Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammation, and Gut Microbiota Composition of Offspring in a Sow–Piglet Model by Dan Li, Min Yang, Zhao Ma, Lianqiang Che, Bin Feng, Zhengfeng Fang, Shengyu Xu, Yong Zhuo, Jian Li, JiHhua Wang, Zhengfan Zhang, Zehui Wu, Tao Lin, De Wu, Yan Lin

“…Meanwhile, 0.2% GML increased the serum total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activity and interleukin-6 level in weaned piglets and decreased the TNF-α level in sows and weaned piglets. …”
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The PD-1 with PD-L1 Axis Is Pertinent with the Immune Modulation of Atrial Fibrillation by Regulating T Cell Excitation and Promoting the Secretion of Inflammatory Factors by Guodong Chang, Yingwei Chen, Zichang Liu, Yong Wang, Wenkun Ge, Yongan Kang, Shuling Guo

“…Forty-five patients with atrial fibrillation admitted to the cardiology department of our hospital from July 2019 to March 2021 were selected to be included in the atrial fibrillation group, and another 45 healthy volunteers were selected as the control group to compare the changes of T cell CD69 and human leukocyte antigen-DR (HLA-DR) expression in the peripheral blood of the two study groups; compare the changes of programmed death factor-1 on CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of the two groups (PD-1) expression changes and PD-L1 and PD-L2 expression changes on peripheral blood myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) cells; compare the changes of interleukin-2, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, and interleukin-17A (IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) concentrations on peripheral blood inflammatory factors in the two groups; and isolate the two groups of peripheral blood mDCs cells; α interferon upregulated PD-L1 expression in the cells and analyzed the effect of PD-L1 expression on the ability of mDCs to stimulate T cells to secrete cytokines.Results. …”
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Trajectory of peripheral inflammation during index ECT in association with clinical outcomes in treatment-resistant depression by Christina M. Hough, Jennifer L. Kruse, Randall T. Espinoza, John O. Brooks, III, Eliza J. Congdon, Viviane Norris, Michelle G. Craske, Katherine L. Narr

“…Results: C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) increased from pre-treatment to T2, and decreased from T2 to post-treatment. …”
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Evaluation of Inflammatory Markers and Clinical Outcomes in COVID-19 Patients with Concurrent <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> Infection: A Comparative Cohort Analysis by Flavia Ignuta, Adrian Vlad, Teodor Cerbulescu, Stana Loredana, Felix Bratosin, Ovidiu Rosca, Lavinia Stelea, Daciana Nistor

“…Baseline demographic data, comorbidities, inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein [CRP], interleukin-6 [IL-6], ferritin, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio [NLR], platelet count, albumin, and derived indices such as the CRP-to-Albumin Ratio [CAR] and Prognostic Nutritional Index [PNI]) were recorded. …”
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Ligilactobacillus salivarius LZZAY01 accelerated autophagy and apoptosis in colon cancer cells and improved gut microbiota in CAC mice by Wenhong Yang, Tao Li, Shixiang An, Rong Chen, Yuxin Zhao, Jiaxian Cui, Mingyu Zhang, Jingkun Lu, Yunpeng Tian, Lili Bao, Pengwei Zhao

“…The tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 were reduced by LZZAY01. The abundance and diversity of the intestinal microbiota were enhanced, especially the beneficial bacterial species maintaining the balance of the intestinal flora such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. …”
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Exploring the alleviating effects of Bifidobacterium metabolite lactic acid on non-alcoholic steatohepatitis through the gut-liver axis by Hongmei Zhao, Hongmei Zhao, Juan Zhou, Lingzhi Yuan, Zhiyi Sun, Yi Liu, Xinyu Zhao, Feng Ye

“…In vitro, an NAFLD cell model was established using oleic acid, with cells treated with lactic acid and NLRP3 overexpression to assess lipid droplet accumulation and inflammation.ResultsIn vivo findings indicated that, in comparison to CBX group (Control group without antibiotic treatment), NAFLD/CBX group (NAFLD group without antibiotic administration) and NAFLD/ABX group (NAFLD group with antibiotic administration) exhibited increased liver-to-body weight ratio, higher lipid droplet accumulation, aggravated liver histopathological damage, and elevated levels of AST (Aspartate Aminotransferase), ALT (Alanine Aminotransferase), TC (Total Cholesterol), TG (Triglycerides), LDL-C (Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol), IL-6 (Interleukin-6), TNF-α (Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha), IL-1β (Interleukin-1 beta), and NLRP3-related molecules, while HDL-C (High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol) levels significantly decreased. …”
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Can exercise as a complementary technique manage inflammatory markers in women with breast cancer who are overweight and obese? A systematic review and meta-analysis by Liang Tan, Jinyu Mei, Ruihong Tang, Duo Huang, Kai Qi, Zbigniew Ossowski, Xiaoning Wang

“…Exercise significantly reduced C-reactive protein (CRP) (MD: −0.52, 95 % CI: −0.94 to −0.11; p = 0.01; heterogeneity p < 0.1), interleukin-6 (IL-6) (MD: −0.87, 95 % CI: −1.62 to −0.11; p = 0.02; heterogeneity p < 0.1), and leptin (MD: −0.92, 95 % CI: −1.71 to −0.13; p = 0.02; heterogeneity p < 0.1) levels and exercise significantly increased adiponectin levels (MD: 0.89, 95 % CI: 0.03–1.75, p = 0.04; heterogeneity p < 0.1) but had no effect on tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (MD: −0.26, 95 % CI: −0.82–0.29; p = 0.35; heterogeneity p < 0.1) and IL-10 (MD: 0.14, 95 % CI: −0.17–0.45; p = 0.37; heterogeneity p = 0.45) were not significant. …”
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New evidence on the nephrotoxicity of fine particulate matter: Potential toxic components from different emission sources by Fu-Jen Cheng, Chien-Er Huang, Pei-Shih Chen, Yu-Lun Tseng, Chung-Shin Yuan, Ching-Shu Lai

“…Exposure to PM2.5 water extract increased the mRNA levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and nitrite production in RAW264.7 macrophages. …”
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Inflammatory Markers and Severity in COVID-19 Patients with Clostridioides Difficile Co-Infection: A Retrospective Analysis Including Subgroups with Diabetes, Cancer, and Elderly by Teodor Cerbulescu, Flavia Ignuta, Uma Shailendri Rayudu, Maliha Afra, Ovidiu Rosca, Adrian Vlad, Stana Loredana

“…We collected baseline demographics, comorbidities, and laboratory parameters including C-reactive protein (CRP), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), ferritin, neutrophil and lymphocyte counts, albumin, platelet counts, and calculated indices (C-reactive protein to Albumin Ratio (CAR), Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI), SII). …”
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Occurrence of Alternaria Toxins, Ochratoxin A and Aflatoxins B1 in Green Arabic Coffee (Coffea arabica) in Saudi Arabia: Risk Assessment on HepG-2 Cell Line and Male Albino Rats by Ahmed Hashim Almusallam, Ahmed Mahmoud Ismail

“…Secreting inflammatory markers (Interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and COX-2), and oxidative markers (total antioxidant capacity (TAC), glutathione (GSH) and nitrite (NO) were downregulated by all mycotoxins with the highest decrease induced by their mixture. …”
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A Randomized Study to Compare the Effects of Once-Weekly Dulaglutide Injection and Once-Daily Glimepiride on Glucose Fluctuation of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A 26-Week Fol... by Huiqin Li, Xiaohua Xu, Jie Wang, Xiaocen Kong, Maoyuan Chen, Ting Jing, Zhiying Zhang, Guoping Yin, Xiaomei Liu, Yun Hu, Lei Ye, Xiaofei Su, Jianhua Ma

“…General clinical data were collected and measured, such as fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Results. HbA1c of the dulaglutide group was reduced from 8.38±0.93% to 6.68±0.73% after the treatment (P<0.05); similarly, it was reduced from 7.91±0.98% to 6.67±0.74% (P<0.05) in the glimepiride group. …”
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Potential Mechanisms and Effects of Dai Bai Jie Ethanol Extract in Preventing Acute Alcoholic Liver Injury by Niantong Xia, Hongwei Xue, Yihang Li, Jia Liu, Yang Lou, Shuyang Li, Yutian Wang, Juan Lu, Xi Chen

“…DBJ-3 reduced malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and inflammatory factors, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin 6 (IL-6), while increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities. …”
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Effect of a high dose atorvastatin as adjuvant therapy to mesalamine in attenuating inflammation and symptoms in patients with ulcerative colitis: a randomized controlled pilot stu... by Sumaiah J. Alarfaj, Sahar M. El-Haggar, Sahar K. Hegazy, Sahar K. Hegazy, Maha M. Maher, Maha M. Maher, Monir M. Bahgat, Thanaa A. Elmasry, Sarah Alrubia, Amsha S. Alsegiani, Mostafa M. Bahaa

“…Activation of sphingosine 1 phosphate (S1P)/ tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)/ interleukin-6 (IL-6) pathways has been confirmed in the pathogenesis of UC and preclinical studies proved the efficacy of atorvastatin on these pathways.AimTo investigate the role of atorvastatin on S1P/TNF-α/IL-6 pathway in UC.MethodsPatients with mild to moderate UC were allocated into two groups in this pilot study. …”
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Ginsenoside Rd protects against acute liver injury by regulating the autophagy NLRP3 inflammasome pathway by Xiaomei Zhong, Yibin Sun, Yanxiang Lin, Shan Deng, Huan Wang, Xian Zhou, Jinjian Lu, Yanfang Zheng, Ruoyin Luo, Mingqing Huang, Jianyuan Song

“…It exhibited strong anti-inflammatory effect by reducing inflammation associated protein, such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC), interleukin-18 (IL-18) and interleukin-1β(IL-1β) proteins and the mRNA expression levels of COX-2, Tumor Necrosis Factor α (TNF α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and iNOS were decreased in liver tissue. …”
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Effects of Tributyrin Supplementation on Growth Performance, Intestinal Digestive Enzyme Activity, Antioxidant Capacity, and Inflammation-Related Gene Expression of Large Yellow Cr... by Xiuneng Wang, Min Wan, Zhen Wang, Haitao Zhang, Si Zhu, Xiufei Cao, Ning Xu, Jichang Zheng, Xianyong Bu, Wei Xu, Kangsen Mai, Qinghui Ai

“…The mRNA expressions of tumor necrosis factor α (tnfα), interleukin-1β (il-1β), interleukin-6 (il-6), and interferon γ (ifnγ) were significantly downregulated in fish fed diets with 0.05%-0.2% tributyrin, and the mRNA expression of il-10 was significantly upregulated in fish fed the 0.2% tributyrin diet (P<0.05). …”
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Elevated D-dimer on admission may predict poor prognosis in childhood influenza associated encephalopathy by Huizhen Wang, Lingkong Zeng, Xingfeng Cheng, Hui Li, Hong Zhang, Yuanmei Shi, Yong Zhang, Changjian Li

“…In the univariate analysis, the poor prognosis group compared with the clinically cured group showed a significant increase in the number of days of hospitalization (3.0 vs. 9.5 days, P < 0.001), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (6.80 vs. 1.88 mg/L, P = 0.003), interleukin-6 (20.26 vs. 8.24 pg/mL, P = 0.001), interleukin-10 (11.75 vs. 4.72 pg/mL, P = 0.003), alanine aminotransferase (104.0 vs. 20.0 U/L, P = 0.011), aspartate azelotransferase (186.5 vs. 37.0 U/L, P = 0.003), serum albumin (37.99 vs. 40.76 g/L, P = 0.042), prothrombin time (13.2 vs. 11.4 s, P = 0.017), D-dimer (4.34 vs. 0.44 mg/L FEU, P < 0.001), peripheral blood CD19 B-cell count (35.11 vs. 32.75 cells/µL, P = 0.018), and cerebrospinal fluid chloride (126.82 vs. 125.50 mmol/L, P = 0.027) were statistically different in the above 11 indicators. …”
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Testosterone exacerbates neutrophilia and cardiac injury in myocardial infarction via actions in bone marrow by Elin Svedlund Eriksson, Marta Lantero Rodriguez, Bente Halvorsen, Inger Johansson, Anna K. F. Mårtensson, Anna S. Wilhelmson, Camilla Huse, Thor Ueland, Pål Aukrust, Kaspar Broch, Lars Gullestad, Brage Høyem Amundsen, Geir Øystein Andersen, Mikael C. I. Karlsson, Malin Hagberg Thulin, Alessandro Camponeschi, Dana Trompet, Ola Hammarsten, Björn Redfors, Jan Borén, Elmir Omerovic, Malin C. Levin, Andrei S. Chagin, Tuva B. Dahl, Åsa Tivesten

“…Post-hoc analysis of clinical trial data showed that neutrophilia was greater in men than women after reperfusion of first-time ST-elevation MI, and tocilizumab, an interleukin-6 receptor inhibitor, reduced blood neutrophil counts and infarct size to a greater extent in men than women. …”
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Cannabidiol Alleviates Chronic Prostatitis and Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome via CB2 Receptor Activation and TRPV1 Desensitization by Jun Jie Piao, Soomin Kim, Dongho Shin, Hwa Jong Lee, Kyung-Hwa Jeon, Wen Jie Tian, Kyung Jae Hur, Jong Soo Kang, Hyun-Je Park, Joo Young Cha, Aeri Song, Sang-Hyuck Park, Mahadevan Rajasekaran, Woong Jin Bae, Sungjoo Kim Yoon, Sae Woong Kim

“…It inhibited the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway by activating the CB2 receptor, reducing expression of interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) (p<0.01). …”

Effect of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Patients with Post-Stroke Cognitive Impairment by Zheyi YU, Weiming ZHANG

“…ELISA method was used to observe the changes of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukin-6(IL-6) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in the two groups after treatment.Results:There were no significant differences in the scores of MoCA, including orientation (ORT), visual space and executive function (EF), naming (NAM), memory (MEM), attention (ATT), language (LANG) and abstract ability (ABS) before treatment between the two groups (<italic>P</italic>&gt; 0.05). …”
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Cooling and Sterile Inflammation in an Oxygen-Glucose-Deprivation/Reperfusion Injury Model in BV-2 Microglia by Jana Lücht, Nele Rolfs, Sylvia J. Wowro, Felix Berger, Katharina R. L. Schmitt, Giang Tong

“…Furthermore, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-1α (IL-1α), monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), CIRBP, and RBM3 gene expressions were assessed via reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β releases into the cultured supernatants were assessed via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). …”
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