Ensuring the State’s Legal Liability is the Key Challenge of Legal Reform in the Modern Ukraine by O. S. Bakumov

“…It has been stressed that legal liability was interpreted for a long time as a kind of “continuation” of the state itself: in the context of the concept of state coercion means it was solely perceived as an instrument of state power for punishing offenders. However, such a concept denied the question about legal liability of the state itself as an equal personality of the subject of law. …”
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Global seasonal urban, industrial, and background NO₂ estimated from TROPOMI satellite observations by V. Fioletov, C. A. McLinden, D. Griffin, X. Zhao, H. Eskes

“…<p>The tropospheric NO<span class="inline-formula">₂</span> vertical column density (VCD) values measured by the Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) were used to study the NO<span class="inline-formula">₂</span> variability and estimate urban NO<span class="inline-formula">_<i>x</i></span> emissions for 261 major cities worldwide. …”
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Identifying MTHFD1 and LGALS4 as Potential Therapeutic Targets in Prostate Cancer Through Multi-Omics Mendelian Randomization Analysis by Huan Han, Hanwen Su, Zhihua Lv, Chengliang Zhu, Jingtao Huang

“…MR analyses (SMR, heterogeneity in dependent instruments (HEIDI), IVW, Wald ratio, weighted median, and MR-Egger) were used to screen candidate genes associated with prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD) risk. …”
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Predictive modeling of air quality in the Tehran megacity via deep learning techniques by Abdullah Kaviani Rad, Mohammad Javad Nematollahi, Abbas Pak, Mohammadreza Mahmoudi

“…The conclusions confirm that the DL models achieve significant accuracy and serve as essential instruments for managing air pollution, providing practical insights for decision-makers to adopt efficient air quality control strategies.…”
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Film watching habits of journalism students from the perspective of the theory of utilities and satisfaction by Vujović Marija, Obradović Neven

“…For the purposes o f the research, a special questionnaire was created as a data collection instrument, and the data obtained were processed using the SPSS statistical data processing program. …”
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Computational and numerical solutions to the Benney–Luke equation: Insights into nonlinear long wave dynamics in dispersive media by Mostafa M.A. Khater

“…This model is distinguished by its incorporation of both dispersive and nonlinear effects, rendering it a valuable instrument for delving into intricate wave dynamics. …”
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Development of a Bowtie Inversion Technique for Real‐Time Processing of the GOES‐16/‐17 SEISS MPS‐HI Electron Channels by A. Boudouridis, J.V. Rodriguez, B.T. Kress, B.K. Dichter, T.G. Onsager

“…Abstract The Space Environment In‐Situ Suite on the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES)‐R series of satellites includes a new instrument for measuring radiation belt electrons and protons, the Magnetospheric Particle Sensor–High Energy (MPS‐HI). …”
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Exploration of different quantitative polymerase chain reaction-based genotyping methods to distinguish Apcmin/+ mice from wildtype mice. by Yuting Sun, Tingyu Zhou, Silin Ye, Effie Yin Tung Lau, Yao Zeng, Jessie Qiaoyi Liang

“…However, despite the widespread availability of quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) instruments in biomedical laboratories, the lack of professional analytical tools impedes the application of qPCR in genotyping. …”
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The Significance of a Cerebrovascular Accident Outcome Prediction Model for Patients, Family Members, and Health Care Professionals: Qualitative Evaluation Study by Corinne G Allaart, Sanne van Houwelingen, Pieter HE Hilkens, Aart van Halteren, Douwe H Biesma, Lea Dijksman, Paul B van der Nat

“…Lastly, a Measurement Instrument for Determinants of Innovations (MIDI) questionnaire was used to collect insights into the prediction model and visualizations with HCPs. …”
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Developing a Health Support System to Promote Care for the Elderly by Marcell Szántó, Lehel Dénes-Fazakas, Erick Noboa, Levente Kovács, Döníz Borsos, György Eigner, Éva-H. Dulf

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Agricultural waste management generated by agro-based industries using biotechnology tools by D. Sivakumar, P. Srikanth, P. Ramteke, J. Nouri

“…Solid state fermentation is the finest approach for converting agro-waste into valuable bio products among biotechnological instruments.  Various agro-wastes such as wheat straw, barley straw, cotton stalks, sunflower stacks, and oil cakes from various agriculture goods, as well as major horticulture wastes such as apple, mango, orange peels, and potato peels, were used to create beneficial products in this review.  …”
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Quantitative Analysis and Band Gap Determination for CIGS Absorber Layers Using Surface Techniques by Yun Jung Jang, Jihye Lee, Kang-Bong Lee, Donghwan Kim, Yeonhee Lee

“…The atomic distributions of four different CIGS absorber layers exhibited a good agreement although they were obtained using two different surface instruments, AES and SIMS. Comparative analysis results of different CIGS absorber layers using SIMS, AES, and fs-LA-ICP-MS provide us with the appropriate technique for the information of accurate composition in a rapid analysis time. …”
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The Consequences of Mining Damage and their Impact on the Natural Environment – a Case Study of Trzebinia by Krzysztof Cygańczuk, Jacek Roguski

“…The direction of the search is towards choosing "green energy", which, due to its potential wide application, is already being treated as an instrument of climate neutrality. Many EU countries have decided to achieve climate neutrality by 2050, which means reducing greenhouse gas emissions by approximately 95% compared to the baseline year of 1990. …”
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The language use Inventory-Persian: report of the psychometric properties by Mahbubeh Nakhshab, Ali Asgary, Akram Ahmadi

“…Parent-report questionnaires are among the most useful instruments for evaluating pragmatics in real situations. …”
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Drivers’ Risk Perception and Risky Driving Behavior under Low Illumination Conditions: Modified Driver Behavior Questionnaire (DBQ) and Driver Skill Inventory (DSI) by Jing Liu, Cheng Wang, Zhipeng Liu, Zhongxiang Feng, N. N. Sze

“…The results indicated that both the DBQ and DSI are valuable instruments in traffic safety analysis in low illumination conditions and indicated that errors, lapses, and risk perception were significantly different between with and without streetlight conditions. …”
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Sotchi/Сочи 2014 : des Jeux Olympiques d’hiver entre haute montagne et littoral by Kurt Scharr, Ernst Steinicke, Axel Borsdorf

“…Au bout du compte, l’efficacité, ainsi que la volonté politique de soutenir ou non les processus d’ascension sociale, tiendront lieu d’instrument de mesure de leur propre durabilité.…”
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Empowering medical students with AI writing co-pilots: design and validation of AI self-assessment toolkit by Laleh Khojasteh, Reza Kafipour, Farhad Pakdel, Jayakaran Mukundan

“…Conclusion The comprehensive evaluation process has established the academic writing self-assessment toolkit as a robust and credible instrument for supporting students' writing improvement. …”
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Acceptance and adoption determinants of telemedicine in public healthcare institutions by Kokisa E. Phorah, Lovemore Motsi

“…In order to ensure that the instrument was accurate, a pilot study was carried out prior to the main investigation. …”
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Relationship between the Molecular Coil Dimension and the Energy Storage Modulus of Polymer Solution Configured with Oilfield-Produced Sewage by Peng Wang, Wenguo Ma, Yunbao Zhang, Qiuyan Yan

“…By using the dynamic light scattering instrument, the molecular coil dimension of the polymer solution is tested. …”
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Characterizations of cytokines and viral genomes in serum of patients with Dabie bandavirus infection by Zefeng Dong, Man Yuan, Yueping Xing, Hongkai Zhang, Qiang Shen

“…The sequencing process was performed using a Nanopore GridION X5 instrument. Phylogenetic trees for the L, M, and S segments of Dabie bandavirus were constructed using the maximum likelihood (ML) method in MEGA 11 software, with the bootstrap value set at 1,000.ResultsAll 10 patients with Dabie bandavirus infection exhibited a severe clinical course, resulting in three fatalities. …”
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