Effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with extracorporeal shockwave therapy for poststroke spasticity: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial by Man Yang, Lu Liu, Peng-Yu Wang, Yang Zhu, Ling-Yi Liao, Qiu-Yi Peng, Yong Tao, Jin-Jing Liu, Xiang-Qin Fang, Shi-Hao Gao, Chang-Yue Gao

“…The secondary outcomes include the modified Tardieu scale for the degree of spasticity, the Fugl-Meyer assessment scale and range of motion (ROM) for motor function, the stroke-specific quality of life scale (SS-QOL) and modified Barthel index for activities of life, cortical excitability measured by TMS–surface electromyography (EMG), cerebral cortex oxygen concentrations measured by functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and Hmax/Mmax ratio measured by EMG.Ethics and dissemination This study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Army Medical Center of PLA (Approval No. 2024-04) on 24 January 2024. …”
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Individualized autoregulation-guided arterial blood pressure management in neurocritical care by Jonathan R. Gomez, Bhagyashri U. Bhende, Rohan Mathur, L. Fernando Gonzalez, Vishank A. Shah

“…There are various validated methods to measure CA, either invasively, with intracranial pressure or brain tissue oxygenation monitors, or noninvasively, with transcranial Doppler ultrasound or near-infrared spectroscopy. Utilizing these monitors, researchers have been able to discern CA patterns in several pathological states, such as but not limited to acute ischemic stroke, spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage, aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, sepsis, and post-cardiac arrest, and they have found CA to be altered in these patients. …”
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Determination of the quantitative content of chlorophylls in leaves by reflection spectra using the random forest algorithm by E. A. Urbanovich, D. A. Afonnikov, S. V. Nikolaev

“…Here, we present the results of the implementation and evaluation of the random forest algorithm for predicting the total concentration of chlorophylls a and b from the ref lection spectra of plant leaves in the visible and infrared wavelengths. We used the ref lection spectra for 276 leaf samples from 39 plant species obtained from open sources. 181 samples were from the sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus L.). …”
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Understanding crystallinity indexes benchmarking concept from optimized parametric ionic liquid pretreatment using 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Acetate [EMIM]Ac on oil palm biomass by Amizon Azizan, Rosmaria Abu Darim, Intan Suhada Azmi, Rafidah Jalil, Shareena Fairuz Abdul Manaf

“…Simply using the calculated crystallinity status, for instance, from X-Ray Diffraction or Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy analyses, may assist during the early decisive point regarding pretreatment effectiveness. …”
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Utilization of Thermal-Activated Coal Gangue to Enhance the Properties of Sandy Soil Composites by Wangtao Fan, Ruofan Liu, Runxia Zhang, Xiaoguang Chen, Jin Li, Aochen Zhang, Jing Qian, Zhaolin Gu, Jianyun Wang

“…The structure and thermal stability of the gangue were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. …”
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Manipulated Slow Release of Florfenicol Hydrogels for Effective Treatment of Anti-Intestinal Bacterial Infections by Luo W, Zhang M, Jiang Y, Ma G, Liu J, Dawood AS, Xie S, Algharib SA

“…Energy dispersive spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared indicated that florfenicol hydrogels have been successfully prepared through complexation force. …”
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Electrokinetic in situ leaching of U from low-permeability uranium ore by Chunguang Li, Wenji Wang, Zhenzhong Liu, Yongmei Li, Qi Liu, Longcheng Liu

“…Various characterization techniques, such as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM-EDS), three-dimensional computed tomography (CT) pore scanning and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), showed that the electrokinetic-induced action overcame the preferential flow phenomena, promoted the dissolution of the target minerals and gangue rocks, and notably improved the pore structure to ultimately enhance the uranium leaching efficiency. …”
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Characterization and in vitro anticancer study of PEGylated liposome dually loaded with ferulic acid and doxorubicin by Andang Miatmoko, Patricia Kinanti Christy, Alfionita Isnaini, Berlian Sarasitha Hariawan, Devy Maulidya Cahyani, Margaret Ahmad, Nuzul Wahyuning Diyah, Mohamad Faris Adrianto, Ravi Kiran Deevi, Iwan Sahrial Hamid, Juni Ekowati

“…., increasing the particle size of Lipo-DOX from 134.5 ± 4.8 nm to 154.1 ± 5.2 nm for Lipo DOX-FA, increasing the zeta potential of Lipo-DOX from − 16.04 ± 2.59 to 0.2 ± 0.0 mV for Lipo DOX-FA, and reducing the entrapment efficiency percentage of Lipo-DOX from 88.30 ± 1.89% to 85.99 ± 3.02% for Lipo DOX-FA. The infrared spectra of Lipo DOX-FA exhibited shifted absorption bands, indicating the interaction between the carboxyl group of ferulic acid and the choline polar head of phospholipid. …”
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High Performance GaSb-Based DBR Laser with On-Chip Integrated Power Amplifier via Gain-Match Design by Juntian Cao, Chengao Yang, Yihang Chen, Hongguang Yu, Jianmei Shi, Haoran Wen, Zhengqi Geng, Zhiyuan Wang, Hao Tan, Yu Zhang, Donghai Wu, Yingqiang Xu, Haiqiao Ni, Zhichuan Niu

“…Thus, we put up the feasibility and key design parameters of on-chip integrated power amplification DBR lasers towards mid-infrared.…”
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Efficient organic pollutant mineralization via PMS-sonophotocatalysis with doped-ZnO-CNT aerogels by Queralt Bautista, Majdi Benamara, Shanyu Zhao, Elvira Gómez, Albert Serrà

“…Photoluminescence (PL) spectra and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy displayed how dopants changed the defect density and optical properties of ZnO. …”
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Exploring the effects of cannabidiol encapsulation in liposomes on their physicochemical properties and biocompatibility by Inga Jurgelane, Karina Egle, Andra Grava, Dana Galkina, Margarita Brante, Maksims Melnichuks, Marite Skrinda-Melne, Girts Salms, Arita Dubnika

“…Liposomes were synthesized using thin-film hydration method, and characterized by Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). …”
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Isolated FeN3 sites anchored hierarchical porous carbon nanoboxes for hydrazine‐assisted rechargeable Zn‐CO2 batteries with ultralow charge voltage by Sanshuang Gao, Hongyi Li, Zhansheng Lu, Songjie Meng, Xue Zhao, Xinzhong Wang, Xijun Liu, Guangzhi Hu

“…Benefitting from the bifunctional ECO2R and HzOR catalytic activities, the homemade hydrazine‐assisted rechargeable ZCBs assembled with the Fe‐HPCN air cathode exhibited an ultralow charge voltage (decreasing by ~1.84 V), excellent CO selectivity (FECO close to 100%), and high 89% energy efficiency. In situ infrared spectroscopy confirmed that Fe‐HPCN can generate rate‐determining *N2 and *CO intermediates during HzOR and ECO2R. …”
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Effect of Drying and Microwave-Assisted Extraction Parameters on Lippia adoensis Variety Koseret Essential Oil Yield by Bethlehem Worku, Nurelegne Shibeshi, Jong-Bang Eun, Youngmo Yoon

“…The optimal conditions were: 30 min irradiation time, 550 W microwave power and a particle size of 0.5–0.7 mm, resulting in essential oil yields of (0.49±0.01) % from the oven-dried leaves and (0.40±0.01) % from the room-dried leaves, which accounted for (85.1±0.8) and (87.2±0.7) % of the oils, respectively, with linalool being the predominant component. Fourier-transform infrared spectra showed the presence of hydroxyl functional groups, confirming the chemical composition results. …”
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Comparing the Structural and Physicochemical Properties of Highland Barley <i>β</i>-Glucan from Different Sources: A Focus on Color by Ping Yu, Xuemin Kang, Pengfei Liu, Zhengzong Wu, Yue Cheng, Bo Cui, Wei Gao

“…Additionally, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy revealed that the <i>β</i>-linkage of LBG had a greater capacity to develop stronger hydrogen bonds, due to the absence of 3,4-Glc(p). …”
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Phytoreduced gold nanoparticles from vitalmelon promote white adipocyte browning in murine cells by targeting phospholipase D2 by Sun Young Park, He mi Kang, Kangmin Park, Lu Guo, Jin-Woo Oh, Geuntae Park, Nam Jun Kang, Young-Whan Choi

“…The synthesized VW-GNPs were characterized by UV–Vis spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. …”
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Assessment of Peacock Spot Disease (<i>Fusicladium oleagineum</i>) in Olive Orchards Through Agronomic Approaches and UAV-Based Multispectral Imaging by Hajar Hamzaoui, Ilyass Maafa, Hasnae Choukri, Ahmed El Bakkali, Salma El Iraqui El Houssaini, Rachid Razouk, Aziz Aziz, Said Louahlia, Khaoula Habbadi

“…Indices incorporating Red Edge and near-infrared bands, such as Red Edge and SR705-750, exhibited the strongest correlations with disease severity (correlation coefficients of 0.72 and 0.68, respectively). …”
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Adsorptive Removal of Copper by Using Surfactant Modified Laterite Soil by Tien Duc Pham, Hoang Hiep Nguyen, Ngoc Viet Nguyen, Thanh Tu Vu, Thi Ngoc Mai Pham, Thi Hai Yen Doan, Manh Ha Nguyen, Thi Mai Viet Ngo

“…Characterizations of laterite were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and total carbon analysis. …”
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Coloration and functionalization of organic cotton fabric using Chinese fringe leaf extraction: A greener approach by Md Shazzat Hossain, Mohammad Ullah, Rony Mia, Mohammed A. Assiri, Yahui Zhou, Haroon A.M. Saeed, Sakil Mahmud

“…Spectroscopic analyses, including UV−visible (UV−vis) spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), confirmed the presence of flavonoid compounds as the key bio−colorants in the dye solution. …”
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Zwitterion Effect of Cow Brain Protein towards Efficiency Improvement of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) by Denny Widhiyanuriyawan, Prihanto Trihutomo, Sudjito Soeparman, Lilis Yuliati

“…Tests carried out on DSSC that have been performed were X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD) testing to determine the crystal structure formed, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) testing to determine the functional groups formed on DSSC, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) testing to determine the surface morphological characteristics of the DSSC layer, and testing the efficiency using AM 1.5 G solar simulator (1000 W/m2) to determine the efficiency changes that occur in DSSC. …”
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Green synthesis and characterization of CuO/ZnO nanocomposite using Musa acuminata leaf extract for cytotoxic studies on colorectal cancer cells (HCC2998) by Wong Yee Jin, Subramaniam Hemaroopini, Shing Wong Ling, Dhanapal Anto Cordelia Tanislaus Antony, Chan Yu Bin, Aminuzzaman Mohammod, Tey Lai-Hock, Janakiraman Ashok Kumar, Kayarohanam Saminathan, Djearamane Sinouvassane

“…X-ray diffraction analysis depicted the crystallite size of 24.78 nm with hexagonal wurtzite of ZnO and monoclinic of CuO. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis showed the presence of functional groups, including hydroxyl groups, carbonyl groups, amines, alkanes, aromatic amines, Cu–O, and Zn–O. …”
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