Synthesis of Arginase Inhibitors: An Overview by Maria Cristina Molaro, Chiara Battisegola, Marica Erminia Schiano, Mariacristina Failla, Maria Grazia Rimoli, Loretta Lazzarato, Konstantin Chegaev, Federica Sodano

“…It also mediates different cellular functions and processes such as proliferation, senescence, apoptosis, autophagy, and inflammatory responses in various cell types. In mammals, there are two isoenzymes, ARG-1 and ARG-2; they are functionally similar, but their coding genes, tissue distribution, subcellular localization, and molecular regulation are distinct. …”
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Alda-1 Ameliorates Liver Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Activating Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 and Enhancing Autophagy in Mice by Meng Li, Min Xu, Jichang Li, Lili Chen, Dongwei Xu, Ying Tong, Jianjun Zhang, Hailong Wu, Xiaoni Kong, Qiang Xia

“…We demonstrated that Alda-1 pretreatment had a hepatoprotective role in liver IRI as evidenced by decreased liver necrotic areas, serum ALT/AST levels, and liver inflammatory responses. Mechanistically, Alda-1 treatment enhanced ALDH2 activity and subsequently reduced the accumulation of reactive aldehydes and toxic protein adducts, which result in decreased hepatocyte apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction. …”
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Cell deconvolution-based integrated time-series network of whole blood transcriptome reveals systemic antiviral activities and cell-specific immunological changes against PRRSV inf... by Byeonghwi Lim, Chiwoong Lim, Min-Jae Jang, Young-Jun Seo, Do-Young Kim, Christopher K. Tuggle, Kyu-Sang Lim, Jun-Mo Kim

“…Conversely, in the monocyte- and neutrophil-specific module, genes involved in inflammatory responses were downregulated due to a decrease in monocyte proportion. …”
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Brief review of pathophysiological disorders as consequence of psychological stress by Francisco López-Naranjo, Rebeca Córdova-Moreno, Ivo Heyerdahl-Viau

“…Changes at the immune level lead to an increase in inflammatory responses but a decrease in the protective activities of the immune system. …”
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Intravenously Administered Human Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell (HucMSC) Improves Cardiac Performance following Infarction via Immune Modulation by Xiaoting Liang, Jing Liu, Mimi Li, Fang Lin, Rulin Zhuang, Qingshu Meng, Xiaoxue Ma, Yuanfeng Xin, Xin Gong, Zhiying He, Wei Han, Xiaohui Zhou, Zhongmin Liu

“…Overactive inflammatory responses contribute to progressive cardiac dysfunction after myocardial infarction (MI). …”
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Dysregulation of Metabolic Peptides in the Gut–Brain Axis Promotes Hyperinsulinemia, Obesity, and Neurodegeneration by Camille Green, Vandana Zaman, Kayce Blumenstock, Narendra L. Banik, Azizul Haque

“…Metabolic peptides can influence metabolic processes and contribute to both inflammatory and/or anti-inflammatory responses. Studies have shown that there are thousands of metabolic peptides, made up of short chains of amino acids, that the human body produces. …”
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HaCaT Cells as a Reliable In Vitro Differentiation Model to Dissect the Inflammatory/Repair Response of Human Keratinocytes by Irma Colombo, Enrico Sangiovanni, Roberta Maggio, Carlo Mattozzi, Stefania Zava, Yolanda Corbett, Marco Fumagalli, Claudia Carlino, Paola Antonia Corsetto, Diletta Scaccabarozzi, Stefano Calvieri, Angela Gismondi, Donatella Taramelli, Mario Dell’Agli

“…Cultured primary human keratinocytes are frequently employed for studies of immunological and inflammatory responses; however, interpretation of experimental data may be complicated by donor to donor variability, the relatively short culture lifetime, and variations between passages. …”
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tRF-AspGTC Promotes Intracranial Aneurysm Formation by Controlling TRIM29-Mediated Galectin-3 Ubiquitination by Chao Wang, Bing Yu, Han Zhou, Huanting Li, Shifang Li, Xiaolu Li, Wentao Wang, Yugong Feng, Tao Yu

“…In this study, we identified that the transfer RNA-Asp-GTC derived fragment (tRF-AspGTC) is highly expressed in the IA tissues of both humans and mice. tRF-AspGTC promotes IA formation by facilitating the phenotypic switching of vascular smooth muscle cells, increasing of matrix metalloproteinase 9 expression, and inducing of oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. Mechanistically, tRF-AspGTC binds to galectin-3, inhibiting tripartite motif 29-mediated ubiquitination and stabilizing galectin-3. …”
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Effects of different doses of glucose and fructose on central metabolic pathways and intercellular wireless communication networks in humans by Dingqiang Lu, Yujiao Liu, Miao Zhao, Shuai Yuan, Danyang Liu, Xinqian Wang, Yixuan Liu, Yifei Zhang, Ming Li, Yufeng Lü, Guangchang Pang, Ruijuan Ren

“…Therefore, excessive intake of fructose should be reduced to avoid excessive inflammatory responses, allergic reactions and autoimmune diseases.…”
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Dysbiosis and extraintestinal cancers by Ruishan He, Pingqian Qi, Linzhen Shu, Yidan Ding, Peng Zeng, Guosheng Wen, Ying Xiong, Huan Deng

“…The oncogenic cascade always engages in the disruption of hormonal regulation and inflammatory responses, the induction of genomic instability and mutations, and the dysregulation of adult stem cell proliferation. …”
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cGAS-STING targeting offers therapy choice in lung diseases by Yu Wang, Xuan Zhang, Weixue Wang, Yi Zhang, Joshua S. Fleishman, Hongquan Wang

“…Abstract Cyclic GMP/AMP (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS), along with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated stimulator of interferon genes (STING), are crucial elements of the type 1 interferon response. cGAS senses microbial DNA and self-DNA, labeling cGAS-STING as a crucial mechanism in autoimmunity, sterile inflammatory responses, and cellular senescence. However, chronic and aberrant activation of the cGAS-STING axis results in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. cGAS-STING has emerged as a vital mechanism driving inflammation-related diseases, including lung diseases. …”
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ANGPTL4 induces Kupffer cell M2 polarization to mitigate acute rejection in liver transplantation by Weifeng Huang, Liqing Jiang, Yingsong Jiang, Shanshan Li, Wanqi Liu, Kezhen Zong, Dadi Peng, Zhongjun Wu, Zuotian Huang

“…Co-culture experiments demonstrated that hepatocyte-derived ANGPTL4 significantly modulates KC polarization and inflammatory responses, mainly by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway. …”
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Analyzing the potential of neuronal pentraxin 2 as a biomarker in neurological disorders: A literature review by Ubaid Ansari, Jimmy Wen, Burhaan Syed, Dawnica Nadora, Romteen Sedighi, Denise Nadora, Vincent Chen, Forshing Lui

“…In neuropathic pain and epilepsy, NP2 modulates the synaptic plasticity and inflammatory responses, with altered levels correlating with disease severity. …”
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Dengue Virus Infection Causes the Activation of Distinct NF-κB Pathways for Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase and TNF-α Expression in RAW264.7 Cells by Yi-Lin Cheng, Yee-Shin Lin, Chia-Ling Chen, Shu-Wen Wan, Yi-Dan Ou, Chia-Yi Yu, Tsung-Ting Tsai, Po-Chun Tseng, Chiou-Feng Lin

“…Heat-inactivated DENV failed to cause the identified inflammatory responses. Pharmacological inhibition of TLR3 partly decreased NF-κB activation; however, it effectively abolished inducible iNOS/NO biosynthesis but did not inhibit TNF-α production. …”
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NF-κB Signaling in the Brain of Autistic Subjects by Mazhar Malik, Zujaja Tauqeer, Ashfaq M. Sheikh, Guang Wen, Amenah Nagori, Kun Yang, W. Ted Brown, Xiaohong Li

“…Our findings suggest that the NF-κB signaling pathway is not disregulated in the brain of autistic subjects and thus may not be significantly involved in the processes of abnormal inflammatory responses suggested in autistic brain.…”
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Research progress of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and zinc in the mechanism of diabetic kidney disease by Wei Qin, Ping Nie, Xuejun Hui, Fei Chen, Xingbao Hu, Wenjiao Shi, Manyu Luo, Bing Li

“…This article provides a detailed review of the multiple roles of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α in the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease, including: regulating angiogenesis, increasing the expression of erythropoietin, modulating oxidative stress through the PI3K/AKT and HIF-1α/HO-1 pathways, promoting inflammatory cell infiltration and the release of inflammatory factors to induce inflammatory responses, facilitating epithelial-mesenchymal transition, pathological angiogenesis, and promoting the release of fibrotic factors, ultimately leading to renal fibrosis. …”
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The role of circadian rhythm regulator PERs in oxidative stress, immunity, and cancer development by Baimei Zhao, Eugenie Nepovimova, Qinghua Wu

“…PERs in innate immune cells modulate the temporal patterns of NF-κB and TNF-α activities, as well as the response to LPS-induced toxic shock, initiating inflammatory responses that escalate into chronic inflammatory conditions. …”
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Effect of Hepatitis E Virus on the Male Reproductive System: A Review of Current Evidence by Ahmed A. Kotb, Mohamed A. El-Mokhtar, Ibrahim M. Sayed

“…Studies of HEV infection in animal models such as pigs, gerbils, and mice showed that HEV infection caused distortion on the testes, damage of the blood–testis barrier, and induction of inflammatory responses leading to abnormalities in the sperm. …”
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Effects and Mechanisms of Silibinin on Influenza A/H1N1 Pathogenesis in a Mouse Model by Mohsen Keshavarz, Mohsen Ghorbani, Forough Shamsizadeh, Haideh Namdari, Vahid Salimi, Farhad Rezaei

“…These results support the idea that therapies aimed at moderating immune and inflammatory responses are essential to decrease the mortality rate caused by IAV infection. …”
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Oral administration of Limosilactobacillus reuteri VHProbi® M07 alleviates ovalbumin-induced allergic asthma in mice. by Guoqing Meng, Hongchang Cui, Congrui Feng, Chaoqun Guo, Lei Song, Zhi Duan

“…<h4>Conclusions</h4>Oral administration of M07 mitigated key features of inflammatory responses in the OVA-induced mice asthma model. …”
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