Macrophages, Inflammation, and Tumor Suppressors: ARF, a New Player in the Game by Paqui G. Través, Alfonso Luque, Sonsoles Hortelano

“…In most tumors, TAMs show properties of an alternative polarization phenotype (M2) characterized by the expression of a series of chemokines, cytokines, and proteases that promote immunosuppression, tumor proliferation, and spreading of the cancer cells. …”
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Cancer-associated fibroblasts in carcinogenesis by Shufen Zhou, Zekun Zhao, Zhaojun Wang, Hanzheng Xu, Yijie Li, Ke Xu, Wei Li, Jiahua Yang

“…Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), however, occupy a pivotal and substantial role within the tumor microenvironment, facilitating carcinogenesis through diverse mechanisms such as creating inflammation, fostering a fibrotic tumor microenvironment, and immunosuppression. In this paper, we introduce the concept of carcinogenesis, explain its causes, describe the characteristics of CAFs and their sources, and highlight the roles and mechanisms of CAFs in promoting carcinogenesis. …”
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A self-assembling nanoplatform for pyroptosis and ferroptosis enhanced cancer photoimmunotherapy by Zhichao Wang, Yuqi Tang, Quan Li

“…Abstract The microenvironment of immunosuppression and low immunogenicity of tumor cells has led to unsatisfactory therapeutic effects of the currently developed nanoplatforms. …”
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Severe Necrotizing Adenovirus Tubulointerstitial Nephritis in a Kidney Transplant Recipient by Ravi Parasuraman, Ping L. Zhang, Dilip Samarapungavan, Leslie Rocher, Alan Koffron

“…The patient showed excellent response to a combination of immunosuppression reduction, intravenous cidofovir, and immunoglobulin therapy resulting in complete resolution of infection and recovery of allograft function. …”
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Multifocal Aggressive Squamous Cell Carcinomas Induced by Prolonged Voriconazole Therapy: A Case Report by C. Morice, A. Acher, N. Soufir, M. Michel, F. Comoz, D. Leroy, L. Verneuil

“…A plausible hypothesis is that several factors including voriconazole uptake, immunosuppression, and genetic background could explain the phenotype of fast-developing skin carcinomas. …”
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Primary Candida guilliermondii Infection of the Knee in a Patient without Predisposing Factors by Gun Woo Lee, Tae-Hun Kim, Jung-Hwan Son

“…It occurs as a result of accidental implantations of fungus during traumatic procedures, such as surgery, and is usually reported in patients with predisposing factors such as immunosuppression, malignancy, and drug abuse. If left untreated, irreversible deformity and pain with severe osteoarticular destruction occur. …”
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Case report: Mucormycosis due to Rhizopus microsporus: an important reminder of opportunistic infections in immunocompromised acute myeloid leukemia by Misato Higuchi, Katsutaro Nishimoto, Tomoka Waseda, Motoi Takenaka, Motoi Takenaka, Hiroyuki Murota, Hiroyuki Murota

“…Hematologic malignancies, diabetes, and the development and widespread use of novel anticancer and immunosuppressive agents have introduced a new dimension of immunosuppression, raising concerns about emerging opportunistic infections. …”
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Duodenal Histoplasmosis Presenting with Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding in an AIDS Patient by Michael A. Spinner, Heather N. Paulin, C. William Wester

“…Given our findings, we maintain that GIH should be considered on the differential diagnosis for GI bleeding in AIDS patients at risk, specifically those with advanced immunosuppression (i.e., CD4+ cell counts  cells/mm3) who reside in endemic areas (Ohio or Mississippi river valleys) and/or have a prior history of histoplasmosis. …”
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Discrimination of Anti-Donor Response in Allogeneic Transplantation Using an Alloreactive T-Cell Detection Assay by Ryosuke Arata, Naoki Tanimine, Akhmet Seidakhmetov, Kentaro Ide, Yuka Tanaka, Hideki Ohdan

“…Using full MHC mismatched mouse skin transplant models, we observed an increased donor-reactive T-cell proportion by direct presentation with elevated interferon gamma and granzyme B production 7 days post-transplantation, before graft rejection. Immunosuppression with CTLA-4 IgG and anti-CD154 antibody varied depending on donor-recipient strain combinations. …”
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A Case of Anterior Spinal Artery Syndrome Caused by Streptococcus mitis Endocarditis by Aria Mahtabfar, Hamoon Eshraghi, Melroy D’Souza, William Berrigan, Kathleen Casey

“…However, there are a few reports of IE occurring in the setting of immunosuppression secondary to cancer and/or chemotherapy. …”
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Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome Associated with Tacrolimus in Cardiac Transplantation by Julián Alejandro Rivillas, Stephania Galindo-Coral, Francisco Arias-Mora, Juan David Lopez-Ponce de Leon, Noel Alberto Florez-Alarcón, Pastor Olaya-Rojas, Juan Esteban Gomez-Mesa

“…Neurological complications occur between 50 and 70% of patients with heart transplantation, including cerebrovascular events, infections, seizures, encephalopathy, and neurotoxicity due to pharmacological immunosuppression. Mortality associated with cerebrovascular complications is 7.5% in the first 30 days and up to 5.3% after the first month and up to the first year after transplantation. …”
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Delayed Chylothorax during Treatment of Follicular Lymphoma with a Malignant Pleural Effusion by Chigozirim N. Ekeke, Ernest G. Chan, James D. Luketich, Rajeev Dhupar

“…The clinical course of chylothorax may include dehydration, malnutrition, immunosuppression, electrolyte disturbances, infection, and ultimately death. …”
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A call for aflatoxin control in Asia by Abeera Umar, Hamzah Shahbaz Bhatti, Sabyan Faris Honey

“…This not only exposes to health issues like growth impairment, immunosuppression, hepatic disorders etc. but also result in heavy economic losses due to trade restrictions. …”
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Psychosis in a 15-Year-Old Female with Herpes Simplex Encephalitis in a Background of Mannose-Binding Lecithin Deficiency by Kenneth Asogwa, Kwame Buabeng, Amarjit Kaur

“…Many studies have reported psychiatric and neurological manifestation of herpes simplex infection following primary or reactivated infection, while others suggest milder clinical course of herpes simplex encephalitis in a background of immunosuppression. Another contributory factor to psychotic disorder in this case is childhood EBV exposure which has been reported to increase the risk of psychosis in adolescence and adulthood. …”
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Urogenital Manifestations in Mpox (Monkeypox) Infection: A Comprehensive Review of Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Therapeutic Approaches by He S, Zhao J, Chen J, Liang J, Hu X, Zhang X, Zeng H, Sun G

“…Currently, the majority of the urogenital lesions are considered complications secondary to MPXV infection and the common immunosuppression in mpox patients. However, such viewpoints should be treated carefully due to the lack of understanding of the basic mpox pathology. …”
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What Makes Umbilical Cord Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Superior Immunomodulators When Compared to Bone Marrow Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells? by R. N. Bárcia, J. M. Santos, M. Filipe, M. Teixeira, J. P. Martins, J. Almeida, A. Água-Doce, S. C. P. Almeida, A. Varela, S. Pohl, K. E. J. Dittmar, S. Calado, S. I. Simões, M. M. Gaspar, M. E. M. Cruz, W. Lindenmaier, L. Graça, H. Cruz, P. E. Cruz

“…Immunogenicity and immunosuppression were assessed by mixed lymphocyte reactions, suppression of lymphocyte proliferation and induction of regulatory T cells. …”
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Impact of antiviral prophylaxis on EBV viremia and posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders in solid organ transplant recipients: a systematic review and meta-analysis by Marjan Moghadamnia, Khadijeh Delroba, Shima Heidari, Zahra Rezaie, Simin Dashti-Khavidaki

“…PTLD incidence was significantly reduced among recipients of T-cell depletion or steroid-based immunosuppression using antiviral prophylaxis (RR 0.54, 95% CI 0.39–0.74 and RR 0.55, 95% CI 0.41–0.73, respectively). …”
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Generation of Transplantable Beta Cells for Patient-Specific Cell Therapy by Xiaojie Wang, Daniel L. Metzger, Mark Meloche, Jianqiang Hao, Ziliang Ao, Garth L. Warnock

“…Islet cell transplantation offers a potential cure for type 1 diabetes, but it is challenged by insufficient donor tissue and side effects of current immunosuppressive drugs. Therefore, alternative sources of insulin-producing cells and isletfriendly immunosuppression are required to increase the efficiency and safety of this procedure. …”
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Metabolic disorders as a factor in pathogenesis of infectious diseases in cattle by A. D. Alekseev

“…Besides some infections, for example acute respiratory diseases, also result in metabolic disorders, immunosuppression, decrease in the overall resistance of the organism and ultimately in mixed infections. …”
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Anti-Inflammatory and Antimicrobial Actions of Vitamin D in Combating TB/HIV by Anna K. Coussens, Adrian R. Martineau, Robert J. Wilkinson

“…Tuberculosis (TB) disease activation is now believed to arise due to a lack of inflammatory homeostatic control at either end of the spectrum of inflammation: either due to immunosuppression (decreased antimicrobial activity) or due to immune activation (excess/aberrant inflammation). …”
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