Perspectives from the 2nd International Post-Tuberculosis Symposium: mobilising advocacy and research for improved outcomes by B.W. Allwood, R. Nightingale, G. Agbota, S. Auld, G.P. Bisson, A. Byrne, R. Dunn, D. Evans, G. Hoddinott, G. Günther, Z. Islam, J.C. Johnston, G. Kalyatanda, C. Khosa, S. Marais, G. Makanda, O.M. Mashedi, J. Meghji, C. Mitnick, C. Mulder, E. Nkereuwem, O. Nkereuwem, O.B. Ozoh, A. Rachow, K. Romanowski, J.A. Seddon, I. Schoeman, F. Thienemann, N.F. Walker, D.T. Wademan, R. Wallis, M.M. van der Zalm

“…The 2nd International Post-Tuberculosis Symposium (Stellenbosch, South Africa) was held to increase global awareness and empower TB-affected communities to play an active role in driving the agenda. We aimed to update knowledge on post-TB life and illness, identify research priorities, build research collaborations and highlight the need to embed lung health outcomes in clinical TB trials and programmatic TB care services. …”
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Apaf-1 is an evolutionarily conserved DNA sensor that switches the cell fate between apoptosis and inflammation by Jie Ruan, Xuxia Wei, Suizhi Li, Zijian Ye, Linyi Hu, Ru Zhuang, Yange Cao, Shaozhou Wang, Shengpeng Wu, Dezhi Peng, Shangwu Chen, Shaochun Yuan, Anlong Xu

“…Although Apaf-1 structurally resembles animal NOD-like receptor (NLR) and plant resistance (R) proteins, whether it is directly involved in innate immunity is still largely unknown. Here, we found that Apaf-1-like molecules from lancelets, fruit flies, mice, and humans have conserved DNA sensing functionality. …”
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Incretin-responsive human pancreatic adipose tissue organoids: A functional model for fatty pancreas research by E. Lorza-Gil, O.D. Strauss, E. Ziegler, K. Kansy, M.-T. Katschke, G. Rahimi, D. Neuscheler, L. Sandforth, A. Sandforth, G. Sancar, B. Kaufmann, D. Hartmann, S. Singer, A.L. Mihaljevic, R. Jumpertz-von Schwartzenberg, J. Sbierski-Kind, T.D. Müller, A.L. Birkenfeld, F. Gerst

“…However, the study of this ectopic fat depot has been limited by the lack of suitable in vitro models. Methods: Here, we developed a novel 3D model of functionally mature human pancreatic adipose tissue organoids by aggregating human pancreatic adipose tissue-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells into organoids and differentiating them over 19 days. …”
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Experiencia en DAC cardiaca en la Comunidad Valenciana: programa de extracción cardiaca extrahospitalaria by Audelio Guevara-Bonilla, Eduardo Tébar-Botí, Claudia Aguirre-Ramón, Alexandra Merino-Orozco, Carlos Domínguez-Massa, Manuel Pérez-Guillén, Ana Bel-Mínguez, Salvador Torregrosa-Puerta, Tomás Heredia-Cambra, Alejandro Rincón-Almanza, María J. Dalmau-Sorli, Iván Martín González, Francisco J. Valera Martínez, Ana Tur-Alonso, Juan B. Martínez León

“…Abstract: Introduction: In Spain, since 2020, hearts obtained from donation after circulatory determination of death (DCD) have been used for heart transplants. We show our experience from the beginning of the heart DCDs program. …”
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LungDiag: Empowering artificial intelligence for respiratory diseases diagnosis based on electronic health records, a multicenter study by Hengrui Liang, Tao Yang, Zihao Liu, Wenhua Jian, Yilong Chen, Bingliang Li, Zeping Yan, Weiqiang Xu, Luming Chen, Yifan Qi, Zhiwei Wang, Yajing Liao, Peixuan Lin, Jiameng Li, Wei Wang, Li Li, Meijia Wang, YunHui Zhang, Lizong Deng, Taijiao Jiang, Jianxing He

“…To address this issue, we developed LungDiag, an artificial intelligence (AI)‐based diagnostic system that utilizes natural language processing (NLP) to extract key clinical features from electronic health records (EHRs) for the accurate classification of respiratory diseases. …”
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Maternal prepregnancy overweight/obesity increase the risk of low Apgar scores in twins: a population-based cohort study in China by Zhoushan Feng, Zhoushan Feng, Xiaohong Wu, Xiaomei Tong, Zheng He, Chunxia Yang, Wei Shen, Yueqin Ding, Jin Liu, Qiong Meng, Aiqin Zhang, Hong Jiang, Wenkang Yan, Jianwu Qiu, Xian Wei, Yayu Zhang, Xiaobo Lin, Lijun Liu, Ya Jin, Youfen Wei, Xiufang Yang, Yitong Wang, Yangfan Cai, Xinzhu Lin, Qiliang Cui

“…ObjectiveWhile prepregnancy overweight or obesity is known to negatively impact maternal health, its effect on twin infants is not well understood. Therefore, we conducted a nationwide, multicenter retrospective study to investigate the association between maternal prepregnancy weight and health outcomes in twins.Study designThis study collected data from 22 healthcare units across 12 regions in China between January 2018 and December 2020. …”
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Reactive nitrogen in and around the northeastern and mid-Atlantic US: sources, sinks, and connections with ozone by M. Huang, M. Huang, G. R. Carmichael, K. W. Bowman, I. De Smedt, A. Colliander, M. H. Cosh, S. V. Kumar, A. B. Guenther, S. J. Janz, R. M. Stauffer, A. M. Thompson, N. M. Fedkin, R. J. Swap, J. D. Bolten, A. T. Joseph

“…<p>This study describes the application of a regional Earth system model with updated parameterizations for selected land–atmosphere exchange processes and multiplatform, multidisciplinary observations. We estimate reactive nitrogen (Nr <span class="inline-formula">=</span> NO<span class="inline-formula">_<i>y</i>+</span> NH<span class="inline-formula">_<i>x</i></span>) emissions from various sources, surface and column nitrogen dioxide (NO<span class="inline-formula">₂</span>), and total and speciated Nr dry and wet deposition during 2018–2023 over the northeastern and mid-Atlantic US where nitrogen-oxide-limited or transitional chemical regimes dominate. …”
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Phase I study of intratumoral administration of CV8102 in patients with advanced melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, or ade... by Lucie Heinzerling, Michael Fluck, Caroline Robert, Celeste Lebbe, Erika Richtig, Sven D Koch, Ulrike Gnad-Vogt, Tobias Seibel, Thomas Eigentler, Juan Martin-Liberal, Sebastian Ochsenreither, Peter Mohr, Patrick Terheyden, Carsten Weishaupt, Michael Erdmann, Lukas Koch, Ainara Soria, Igor Samoylenko, Jürgen Krauß, Peter Brossart, Franz Georg Bauernfeind, Marina Gonzalez, Peter Wengenmayer, Ioannis Thomas, Artem Poltoratskiy, Marina Sekacheva, Beate Schmitt-Bormann, Gianluca Quintini, Martin Falk, Paula Codó, Arjun Oberoi, Jana Hess, Yulia Semiletova, Casilda Llacer Perez, Oliver Schönborn-Kellenberger

“…Background CV8102, a toll-like receptor 7/8 and RIG I agonist, has demonstrated antitumor immune responses in preclinical studies. We investigated intratumoral (IT) administration of CV8102 in patients with anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) therapy-naïve or anti-PD-1 therapy-refractory cutaneous melanoma (cMEL) and in patients with advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma.Methods This open-label, cohort-based, phase I dose escalation study aimed to establish the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), recommended dose (RD), safety and preliminary efficacy of CV8102 as monotherapy or in combination with a PD-1 inhibitor. …”
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Rapid molecular assays versus blood culture for bloodstream infections: a systematic review and meta-analysisResearch in context by Gabriella Anna Rapszky, Uyen Nguyen Do To, Veronika Eszter Kiss, Tamás Kói, Anna Walter, Dorottya Gergő, Fanni Adél Meznerics, Márton Rakovics, Szilárd Váncsa, Lajos Vince Kemény, Dezső Csupor, Péter Hegyi, Michael R. Filbin, Csaba Varga, Bánk G. Fenyves

“…The accuracy of several RMAs has not been comprehensively reviewed. We aimed to identify commercial RMAs reported in the literature and evaluate their diagnostic performance compared to BC. …”
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GD-1 Stellar Stream and Cocoon in the DESI Early Data Release by M. Valluri, P. Fagrelius, S. E. Koposov, T. S. Li, Oleg Y. Gnedin, E. F. Bell, R. G. Carlberg, A. P. Cooper, J. Aguilar, S. Ahlen, C. Allende Prieto, V. Belokurov, L. Beraldo e Silva, D. Brooks, A. Byström, T. Claybaugh, K. Dawson, A. Dey, P. Doel, J. E. Forero-Romero, E. Gaztañaga, S. Gontcho A Gontcho, J. Han, K. Honscheid, T. Kisner, A. Kremin, A. Lambert, M. Landriau, L. Le Guillou, M. E. Levi, A. de la Macorra, M. Manera, P. Martini, G. E. Medina, A. Meisner, R. Miquel, J. Moustakas, A. D. Myers, J. Najita, C. Poppett, F. Prada, M. Rezaie, G. Rossi, A. H. Riley, E. Sanchez, D. Schlegel, M. Schubnell, D. Sprayberry, G. Tarlé, G. Thomas, B. A. Weaver, R. H. Wechsler, R. Zhou, H. Zou

“…We confirm the existence of a “cocoon,” which is a broad (FWHM ∼ 2 $\mathop{.}…”
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Dysregulated autoantibodies targeting AGTR1 are associated with the accumulation of COVID-19 symptoms by Dennyson Leandro M. Fonseca, Maj Jäpel, Michael Adu Gyamfi, Igor Salerno Filgueiras, Gabriela Crispim Baiochi, Yuri Ostrinski, Gilad Halpert, Yael Bublil Lavi, Elroy Vojdani, Thayna Silva-Sousa, Júlia Nakanishi Usuda, Juan Carlo Santos e Silva, Paula P. Freire, Adriel Leal Nóbile, Anny Silva Adri, Pedro Marçal Barcelos, Yohan Lucas Gonçalves Corrêa, Fernando Yuri Nery do Vale, Letícia Oliveira Lopes, Solveig Lea Schmidt, Xiaoqing Wang, Carl Vahldieck, Benedikt Fels, Lena F. Schimke, Gustavo Cabral-Miranda, Mario Hiroyuki Hirata, Taj Ali AKhan, Yen-Rei A. Yu, Rodrigo JS Dalmolin, Howard Amital, Aristo Vojdani, Haroldo Dutra Dias, Helder Nakaya, Hans D. Ochs, Jonathan I. Silverberg, Jason Zimmerman, Israel Zyskind, Avi Z. Rosenberg, Kai Schulze-Forster, Harald Heidecke, Rusan Catar, Guido Moll, Alexander Hackel, Kristina Kusche-Vihrog, Yehuda Shoenfeld, Gabriela Riemekasten, Reza Akbarzadeh, Alexandre H. C. Marques, Otavio Cabral-Marques

“…Using a cross-sectional analysis of 244 individuals, we applied multivariate analysis of variance, principal component analysis, and multinomial regression to examine the relationships between AAB levels and key symptoms. …”
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Long-term exposure to fine particulate matter components with obesity in children and adolescents in China: The age-sex disparities and key effect modifiers by Jinling Wang, Xinyi Li, Guannan Bai, Rachel Huxley, Kejia Hu, Jinna Yuan, Xuelian Zhou, Xiaochi Zhang, Ke Huang, Guanping Dong, Wei Wu, Bingyan Cao, Rongxiu Zheng, Chunlin Wang, Haiyan Wei, Yan Liang, Hui Yao, Feihong Luo, Pin Li, Zhe Su, Ruimin Chen, Shaoke Chen, Jingsi Luo, Hongwei Du, Mireguli. Maimaiti, Jianwei Zhang, Yu Yang, Min Zhu, Qi Zhao, Junfen Fu

“…However, the key PM2.5 components and whether PM2.5 effect may vary by obesity type, growth stage, sex, and individual/family characteristics have yet been examined. In this study, we investigated 213,907 Chinese children and adolescents aged 3–18 years in 2017–2019. …”
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Estimates and trends in death and disability from atrial fibrillation/atrial flutter due to high sodium intake, China, 1990 to 2019 by Qingwen Yu, Lijun Zhao, Ting Tang, Ziyi Xin, Lanlan Feng, Xiyun Rao, Yongmin Shi, Xuhan Tong, Siqi Hu, Yao You, Shenghui Zhang, Jiake Tang, Yongran Cheng, Xingwei Zhang, Mingwei Wang, Ximin Li

“…This study aims to compare long-term trends in AF/AFL death and disability due to high sodium intake in China from 1990 to 2019. Methods We utilized data from the Global Burden of Disease study to assess the mortality and disability burden of AF/AFL attributable to high sodium intake (> 5 g/d) in China from 1990 to 2019. …”
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SGLT2-inhibitors in diabetic patients with severe aortic stenosis and cardiac damage undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) by Pasquale Paolisso, Marta Belmonte, Emanuele Gallinoro, Roberto Scarsini, Luca Bergamaschi, Leonardo Portolan, Matteo Armillotta, Giuseppe Esposito, Elisabetta Moscarella, Giovanni Benfari, Claudio Montalto, Monika Shumkova, Elayne Kelen de Oliveira, Francesco Angeli, Mateusz Orzalkiewicz, Margherita Fabroni, Nurcan Baydaroglu, Andrea Raffaele Munafò, Daniele Oreste D’Atri, Matteo Casenghi, Lucia Scisciola, Michelangela Barbieri, Raffaele Marfella, Felice Gragnano, Edoardo Conte, Dario Pellegrini, Alfonso Ielasi, Daniele Andreini, Martin Penicka, Jacopo Andrea Oreglia, Paolo Calabrò, Antonio Bartorelli, Carmine Pizzi, Tullio Palmerini, Marc Vanderheyden, Francesco Saia, Flavio Ribichini, Emanuele Barbato

“…Abstract Background A substantial number of patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) experience adverse events after TAVI, with health care expenditure. We aimed to investigate cardiac remodeling and long-term outcomes in diabetic patients with severe AS, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) < 50%, and extra-valvular cardiac damage (EVCD) undergoing TAVI treated with sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) versus other glucose-lowering strategies (no-SGLT2i users). …”
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GWAS of CRP response to statins further supports the role of APOE in statin response: A GIST consortium study by Emma F. Magavern, Harshal Deshmukh, Geraldine Asselin, Elizabeth Theusch, Stella Trompet, Xiaohui Li, Raymond Noordam, Y.-D. Ida Chen, Teresa E. Seeman, Kent D. Taylor, Wendy S. Post, Jean-Claude Tardif, Dirk S. Paul, Emelia J. Benjamin, Nancy L. Heard-Costa, Ramachandran S. Vasan, Jerome I. Rotter, Ronald M. Krauss, J.Wouter Jukema, Paul M. Ridker, Patricia B. Munroe, Mark J. Caulfield, Daniel I. Chasman, Marie-Pierre Dubé, Graham A. Hitman, Helen R. Warren

“…Clinical studies show statins act independently of lipid-lowering mechanisms to decrease C-reactive protein (CRP), an inflammation marker. We aim to elucidate genetic loci associated with CRP statin response.CRP statin response is the change in log-CRP between off-treatment and on-treatment measurements. …”
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Association of glycemic control with Long COVID in patients with type 2 diabetes: findings from the National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C) by Jane E B Reusch, Rachel Wong, Nasia Safdar, Harold Lehmann, Brijesh Patel, Til Stürmer, Hongfang Liu, Peter Robinson, Elaine Hill, Richard Moffitt, Justin Guinney, Joel Gagnier, Cavin Ward-Caviness, Noha Sharafeldin, Justin Starren, Amit Saha, Lesley Cottrell, Melissa A Haendel, Margaret A Hall, Vignesh Subbian, Kristin Kostka, Farrukh M Koraishy, Andrew E Williams, Robert Hurley, Steve Johnson, Usman Sheikh, Rishi Kamaleswaran, Christopher Dillon, Michele Morris, Randeep Jawa, Hemalkumar Mehta, Benjamin Bates, Tellen D Bennett, Nabeel Qureshi, Katie Rebecca Bradwell, Federico Mariona, Adam B Wilcox, Adam M Lee, Alexis Graves, Amin Manna, Amy Olex, Andrea Zhou, Andrew Southerland, Andrew T Girvin, Anita Walden, Anjali A Sharathkumar, Benjamin Amor, Brian Hendricks, Caleb Alexander, Carolyn Bramante, Charisse Madlock-Brown, Christine Suver, Christopher Chute, Chunlei Wu, Clare Schmitt, Cliff Takemoto, Dan Housman, Davera Gabriel, David A Eichmann, Diego Mazzotti, Eilis Boudreau Don Brown, Elizabeth Zampino, Emily Carlson Marti, Emily R Pfaff, Evan French, Fred Prior, George Sokos, Greg Martin, Heidi Spratt, Hythem Sidky, JW Awori Hayanga, Jami Pincavitch, Jaylyn Clark, Jeremy Richard Harper, Jessica Islam, Jin Ge, Joel H Saltz, Joel Saltz, Johanna Loomba, John Buse, Jomol Mathew, Joni L Rutter, Julie A McMurry, Karen Crowley, Kellie M Walters, Ken Wilkins, Kenneth R Gersing, Kenrick Dwain Cato, Kimberly Murray, Lavance Northington, Lee Allan Pyles, Leonie Misquitta, Lili Portilla, Mariam Deacy, Mark M Bissell, Marshall Clark, Mary Emmett, Mary Morrison Saltz, Matvey B Palchuk, Meredith Adams, Meredith Temple-O'Connor, Michael G Kurilla, Nicole Garbarini, Ofer Sadan, Patricia A Francis, Penny Wung Burgoon, Rafael Fuentes, Rebecca Erwin-Cohen, Richard A Moffitt, Richard L Zhu, Robert T Miller, Saiju Pyarajan, Sam G Michael, Samuel Bozzette, Sandeep Mallipattu, Satyanarayana Vedula, Scott Chapman, T Shawn, Soko Setoguchi O'Neil, Stephanie S Hong, Tiffany Callahan, Umit Topaloglu, Valery Gordon, Warren A Kibbe, Wenndy Hernandez, Will Beasley, Will Cooper, William Hillegass, Xiaohan Tanner Zhang, Samuel Soff, Yun Jae Yoo, Jared Davis Huling, Daniel Brannock, Zachary Butzin-Dozier, Alfred Jerrod Anzalone, Philip RO. Payne, Rena Patel

“…Introduction Elevated glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in individuals with type 2 diabetes is associated with increased risk of hospitalization and death after acute COVID-19, however the effect of HbA1c on Long COVID is unclear.Objective Evaluate the association of glycemic control with the development of Long COVID in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).Research design and methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study using electronic health record data from the National COVID Cohort Collaborative. …”
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Promise and Peril: Stellar Contamination and Strict Limits on the Atmosphere Composition of TRAPPIST-1 c from JWST NIRISS Transmission Spectra by Michael Radica, Caroline Piaulet-Ghorayeb, Jake Taylor, Louis-Philippe Coulombe, Björn Benneke, Loic Albert, Étienne Artigau, Nicolas B. Cowan, René Doyon, David Lafrenière, Alexandrine L’Heureux, Olivia Lim

“…While their favorable planet-to-star radius ratios enable searches for even thin secondary atmospheres, their high activity levels and high-energy outputs threaten atmosphere survival. Here we present the 0.6–2.85 μ m transmission spectrum of the 1.1 R _⊕ ,  ∼ 340 K rocky planet TRAPPIST-1 c obtained over two JWST NIRISS/SOSS transit observations. …”
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Serum NFL and neuropsychological performance over ∼8 years in women with and without HIV: a longitudinal repeated measures studyResearch in context by Deborah R. Gustafson, Xuantao Li, Alison E. Baird, Henrik Zetterberg, Kaj Blennow, Jinbing Zhang, Amanda Blair Spence, Pauline Maki, Anjali Sharma, Kathleen Weber, Recai Yucel

“…Summary: Background: Blood-based biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and stroke, including serum neurofilament light chain (sNFL), are understudied in women living with and without HIV. Methods: We assessed cross-sectional and longitudinal change in sNFL between 2008 and 2019 associated with neuropsychological performance (NP) among women living with HIV (WLWH) and without HIV (WLWOH) age ≥40 years in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. …”
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Immunosuppressive treatment results in patients with primary IgA nephropathy in Turkiye; the data from TSN-GOLD working group by Aysegul Oruc, Abdullah Sumnu, Aydın Turkmen, Taner Basturk, Egemen Cebeci, Kenan Turgutalp, Hakkı Cetinkaya, Müge Uzerk Kibar, Nurhan Seyahi, Erhan Tatar, Metin Ergul, Ülver Derici, Mehmet Deniz Aylı, Musa Pınar, Betül Bakar, Rümeyza Kazancıoglu, Abdülmecit Yıldız, Ahmet Burak Dirim, Zülfükar Yılmaz, Kültigin Turkmen, Onur Tunca, Mehmet Koc, Sim Kutlay, Hasan Micozkadıoglu, Alper Azak, Burcu Boztepe, Sedat Ustundag, Seda Şafak Ozturk, Abdulkadir Unsal, Serhat Karadag, Gülizar Sahin, Ezgi Coşgun Yenigun, Necmi Eren, Mustafa Gullulu, Meltem Gursu, Savaş Ozturk

“…There are conflicting results regarding IST. Therefore, we aimed to investigate IST results among IgAN patients in Turkiye.Method The data of 1656 IgAN patients in the Primary Glomerular Diseases Study of the Turkish Society of Nephrology Glomerular Diseases Study Group were analyzed. …”
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Electrocardiogram-gated cardiac computed tomography-based patient- and segment-specific cardiac motion estimation method in stereotactic arrhythmia radioablation for ventricular ta... by Jingyang Xie, Alicia S. Bicu, Melanie Grehn, Mustafa Kuru, Adrian Zaman, Xinyu Lu, Christian Janorschke, Luuk H.G. van der Pol, Martin F. Fast, Jens Fleckenstein, Marcus Both, Stephan Hohmann, Egor Borzov, Peter Winkler, Roland R. Tilz, Dirk Rades, Frank A. Giordano, Daniel Buergy, Boris Rudic, David Duncker, Roland Merten, Tomer Charas, Mahmoud Suleiman, Thomas Brunner, Daniel Scherr, Evgeny Lian, Achim Schweikard, Oliver Blanck, Judit Boda-Heggemann, Lena Kaestner

“…However, heartbeat-induced motion is essential to define an appropriate cardiac internal target volume (ITV) margin. In this study, we introduce a patient- and segment-specific cardiac motion estimation method and cardiac motion data of the clinical target volume (CTV), ICD lead tips and left ventricle (LV) segments. …”
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