Cytokines that Modulate the Differentiation of Th17 Cells in Autoimmune Uveitis by Kailei Guo, Xiaomin Zhang

“…This article briefly describes the structures, mechanisms, and targeted drugs of cytokines—including interleukin (IL)-6, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), IL-1β, IL-23, IL-27, IL-35, IL-2, IL-4, IL-21, and interferon (IFN)-γ—which have an important influence on the differentiation of Th17 cells and discusses their potential as therapeutic targets for treating autoimmune uveitis.…”
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Lowering Caveolin-1 Expression in Human Vascular Endothelial Cells Inhibits Signal Transduction in Response to Shear Stress by A. D. van der Meer, M. M. J. Kamphuis, A. A. Poot, J. Feijen, I. Vermes

“…Moreover, activation of Akt and ERK1/2 in response to vascular endothelial growth factor was significantly lower in cells with low levels of caveolin-1. …”
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Glucagon-Like Peptide-2 Analogue ZP1849 Augments Colonic Anastomotic Wound Healing by Marie Kjaer, Wayne Russell, Peter Schjerling, Elena Cottarelli, Kennet N. Christjansen, Ditte M. G. Olsen, Peter-Martin Krarup, Lene Jessen, Mark Berner-Hansen, Lars N. Jorgensen, Magnus S. Ågren

“…Breaking strength, myeloperoxidase (MPO), transforming growth factor- (TGF-) β1, and soluble collagen proteins were measured on days 3 and 5. …”
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Subcytotoxic transepidermal delivery using low intensity cold atmospheric plasma by Ga Ram Ahn, Hyung-Joon Park, Yu Jin Kim, Min Gyo Song, Hye Sung Han, Woo Geon Lee, Hyuck Ki Hong, Kwang Ho Yoo, Joon Seok, Kyu Back Lee, Beom Joon Kim

“…For the in vivo studies, E-cadherin expression and the transepidermal delivery (TED) of human epidermal growth factor (hEGF) were analyzed in LICAP-treated mouse dorsal skin. …”
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High BMP7 Expression May Worsen Airway Disease in COPD by Altering Epithelial Cell Behavior by Dong W, Xie M, Ming C, Li H, Xu X, Cui L, Wang W, Li Y

“…Bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP7) is a multi-functional growth factor that belongs to the transforming growth factor superfamily, which affects the regulation of proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. …”
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Effect of intravitreal injections on the progression and prognosis of primary open-angle glaucoma by A.B. Movsisyan, N.G. Glazko, A.Yu. Brezhnev, A.V. Kuroyedov

“…</i> </p> <p> <i><b>Keywords</b>: intravitreal injections, glaucoma, vascular endothelial growth factor, retinal ganglionic cells, retinal nerve fiber layer, intraocular pressure, optical coherence tomography, optic disc.…”
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Trastuzumab Resistance: Role for Notch Signaling by Kinnari Mehta, Clodia Osipo

“…Epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (ErbB-2/HER2) is a potent breast oncogene that has been shown to be amplified in 20% of breast cancers. …”
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Endocrine treatment mechanisms in triple-positive breast cancer: from targeted therapies to advances in precision medicine by Xiu Yang, Daxin Yang, Xue Qi, Xiujuan Luo, Guangmei Zhang

“…Triple-positive breast cancer (TPBC), defined by the co-expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), poses unique therapeutic challenges due to complex signaling interactions and resulting treatment resistance. …”
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The Amelioration of Detrimental Biochemical Anomalies by Supplementing B, C, and E Vitamins in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus May Reduce the Rate of Development of Diabetic... by Subhasish Pramanik, Kaustav Banerjee, Lakshmi Kanta Mondal

“…In this prospective clinical trial, 185 patients with T2DM who received B vitamins, vitamin C, and vitamin E along with antidiabetic medication for five years demonstrated a slower rate of the development of DR and reduced abnormal biochemical mediators like reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), AGE, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) compared to 175 T2DM individuals who were treated with only antihyperglycemic drugs.…”
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Use of Anti-VEGF Agents in Glaucoma Surgery by Mark Slabaugh, Sarwat Salim

“…A number of antivascular endothelial growth factor agents are currently used to treat ocular conditions. …”
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The Role of TGFβ Signaling in Squamous Cell Cancer: Lessons from Mouse Models by Adam B. Glick

“…TGFβ1 is a member of a large growth factor family including activins/inhibins and bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs) that have a potent growth regulatory and immunomodulatory functions in normal skin homeostasis, regulation of epidermal stem cells, extracellular matrix production, angiogenesis, and inflammation. …”
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Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging of EGFR-Overexpressing Tumors in the Mouse Xenograft Model Using scFv-IRDye800CW and Cetuximab-IRDye800CW by Abolfazl Amini, Yaghoub Safdari, Fatemeh Tash Shamsabadi

“…EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) is overexpressed in a variety of human cancers (including squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck, colon cancer, and some breast cancers) and therefore is regarded as an ideal target for cancer therapy or imaging purposes. …”
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Usefulness of the Vitreous Fluid Analysis in the Translational Research of Diabetic Retinopathy by Olga Simó-Servat, Cristina Hernández, Rafael Simó

“…Current treatments for DR (laser photocoagulation, intravitreal corticosteroids, intravitreal antivascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents, and vitreo-retinal surgery) are applicable only at advanced stages of the disease and are associated with significant adverse effects. …”
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Recent Progress of Fabrication of Cell Scaffold by Electrospinning Technique for Articular Cartilage Tissue Engineering by Yingge Zhou, Joanna Chyu, Mimi Zumwalt

“…Scaffolds with element gradient, such as growth factor gradient, have demonstrated good potentials to promote heterogeneous cell growth and differentiation. …”
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An overview of breast cancer: Classification and related signaling pathways by Pit Foong Chan, Roslida Abd Hamid

“…These crucial signaling pathways contributing to the etiology of breast cancer include breast tumor kinase (BRK) pathway, Notch signaling, Nuclear Factor-kappaB (NF-κB) pathway, and human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) pathway. In the present review article, we summarize our current understanding of breast cancer and its signaling pathways, which serve as basic information on tumor formation, maintenance, and expansion that could help form better breast cancer management in patients. …”
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Adipokines Pathogenesis in Heart Failure by Fozia Bibi, Ayesha Aslam, Hooria Naseem, Huma Khurshid, Ali Haider, Habiba Ashraf, Saira Rafaqat

“…In addition, fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) has been suggested to be involved in the pathophysiology of diastolic HF. …”
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Research progress of HIF-1a on immunotherapy outcomes in immune vascular microenvironment by Shaoyan Shi, Xuehai Ou, Chao Liu, Hao Wen, Jiang Ke

“…HIF-1α regulates critical pathways, including the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and immune checkpoint upregulation, leading to tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte dysfunction and recruitment of immunosuppressive cells like regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. …”
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Primary Congenital Lymphedema Complicated by Hydrops Fetalis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature by Paul Singh, Matthew Connell

“…Primary congenital lymphedema was confirmed via molecular testing of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 gene. Discussion. The diagnosis of PCL is suspected prenatally when ultrasound findings coincide with a positive family history of chronic lower limb lymphedema. …”
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Metformin in the treatment of colorectal cancer and neuroendocrine tumours by Karolina Daniłowska, Natalia Picheta, Barbara I. Krupska, Anna Rudzińska, Oliwia Burdan, Katarzyna Szklener

“…The biguanide works by inhibiting the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway, activating 5’AMP activated protein kinase, and reducing insulin-like growth factor 1. In studies conducted on human cells and xenografts, the drug has shown its positive effects in combating these tumors by reducing proliferation, slowing the growth of cancer cells, and inhibiting metastasis. …”
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Desmoplastic reaction in the microenvironment of head and neck and other solid tumors: the therapeutic barrier by Kohei Okuyama, Maiko Tsuchiya, Kala Chand Debnath, Shajedul Islam, Souichi Yanamoto

“…DR promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cancer cell invasion through CAF-mediated extracellular matrix remodeling and signaling pathways such as transforming growth factor-beta. DR also affects bone invasion and chemotherapy resistance by modulating stromal responses. …”
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