Heuristic localization of faults in power transmission lines with uncertainty in parameters and fault-impedance by Akif Nadeem, Qingyan Zhang, Feng Cao, Arslan A. Rizvi, Salah-ud-din Khokhar

“…Accurate fault location in transmission systems is critical for reliable power operation, especially under uncertainty parameters such as conductor height, ground resistivity, and fault-impedance. Although stochastic transient-based correlation methods have been proposed to address such uncertainties, they often suffer from inconsistent confidence fault intervals, sensitivity to fault-impedance variation, and require extensive data pre-processing.This paper proposes a novel heuristic solution for faults localization in lossy transmission lines with uncertain parameters. …”
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