Effects of Chronic Dopamine D2R Agonist Treatment and Polysialic Acid Depletion on Dendritic Spine Density and Excitatory Neurotransmission in the mPFC of Adult Rats by Esther Castillo-Gómez, Emilio Varea, José Miguel Blasco-Ibáñez, Carlos Crespo, Juan Nacher

“…Dopamine D2 receptors (D2R) in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) are key players in the etiology and therapeutics of schizophrenia. The overactivation of these receptors contributes to mPFC dysfunction. …”
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In Vivo Imaging of Cardiac Attachment of TcI and TcII Variants of <i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i> in a Zebrafish Model by Victoria E. Rodriguez-Castellanos, Cristhian David Perdomo-Gómez, Juan Carlos Santos-Barbosa, Manu Forero-Shelton, Verónica Akle, John M. González

“…<i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i>, the etiological agent of Chagas disease, is a parasite known for its diverse genotypic variants, or Discrete Typing Units (DTUs), which have been associated with varying degrees of tissue involvement. …”
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TNF-α Induced the Enhanced Apoptosis of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Ankylosing Spondylitis by Overexpressing TRAIL-R2 by Zhenhua Liu, Liangbin Gao, Peng Wang, Zhongyu Xie, Shuizhong Cen, Yuxi Li, Xiaohua Wu, Le Wang, Hongjun Su, Wen Deng, Shan Wang, Deng Li, Jinteng Li, Yi Ouyang, Yanfeng Wu, Huiyong Shen

“…Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is an autoimmune disease with unknown etiology. Dysregulated mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) apoptosis may contribute to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. …”
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Helicobacter pylori Infection in Dialysis Patients: A Meta-Analysis by Min Gu, Shuping Xiao, Xiaolin Pan, Guoxin Zhang

“…Infection with Helicobacter pylori contributes to the etiopathogenesis of various extragastrointestinal conditions, yet its etiological association with either symptomatic or asymptomatic dialysis patients remains inconclusive. …”
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The Efficacy and Mechanism of Chinese Herbal Medicine on Diabetic Kidney Disease by Zhenzhen Lu, Yifei Zhong, Wangyi Liu, Ling Xiang, Yueyi Deng

“…The pathological features of DKD are the hypertrophy of mesangial cells, apoptosis of podocytes, glomerular basement membrane (GBM) thickening, accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM), glomerular sclerosis, and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. The etiology of DKD is very complicated and many factors are involved, such as genetic factors, hyperglycemia, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, abnormalities of renal hemodynamics, and metabolism of vasoactive substances. …”
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Protein Kinase Cα Modulates Estrogen-Receptor-Dependent Transcription and Proliferation in Endometrial Cancer Cells by Alicia M. Thorne, Twila A. Jackson, Van C. Willis, Andrew P. Bradford

“…However, molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways underlying their etiology and pathophysiology remain poorly understood. …”
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International Burden of Chronic Kidney Disease and Secondary Hyperparathyroidism: A Systematic Review of the Literature and Available Data by Elizabeth Hedgeman, Loren Lipworth, Kimberly Lowe, Rajiv Saran, Thy Do, Jon Fryzek

“…Reported incidence and prevalence estimates across the individual nations were variable, likely reflecting differing population demographics, risk factors, etiologies, and availability of treatment through all stages of CKD.…”
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Analysis of Gene Expression in Cyclooxygenase-2-Overexpressed Human Osteosarcoma Cell Lines by Jeong A. Han, Ji-Yeon Kim, Jong-Il Kim

“…Osteosarcoma is the most common primary bone tumor, generally affecting young people. While the etiology of osteosarcoma has been largely unknown, recent studies have suggested that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) plays a critical role in the proliferation, migration, and invasion of osteosarcoma cells. …”
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Multi-ancestry genome-wide meta-analysis with 472,819 individuals identifies 32 novel risk loci for psoriasis by Min Zhang, Wenting Su, Jiahui Deng, Bin Zhai, Gaizhi Zhu, Ran Gao, Qi Zeng, Jinming Qiu, Ziqing Bian, He Xiao, Guoming Luan, Renxi Wang

“…Based on 74 loci, we provided new biological insights to the etiology of psoriasis. Of clinical interest, we gave some hints for 76 potential targets and drug repurposing for psoriasis.…”
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Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli and Shigella Species Associated with Acute Diarrhea in Tehran, Iran by Fereshteh Jafari, Mohammad Hamidian, Maryam Rezadehbashi, Michael Doyle, Siavosh Salmanzadeh-ahrabi, Faramarz Derakhshan, Mohammad Reza Zali

“…Between May 2003 and May 2005, 1120 diarrheal specimens were collected and assayed for bacterial enteropathogens by conventional and molecular methods. Etiological agents were isolated from 564 (50.3%) specimens, and included 305 (54%) E coli, 157 (27.8%) Shigella species, and 102 (18%) from other genera of bacteria. …”
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Screening and Early Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Cancer and Optimization of Diagnostic Imaging Techniques: A Review and Conclusion of the Expert Panel by V. V. Breder, R. B. Alikhanov, S. S. Bagnenko, E. N. Bessonova, V. A. Isakov, N. E. Kudashkin, B. M. Medvedeva, A. V. Mishchenko, M. S. Novruzbekov, V. S.  Rudakov

“…Screening for HCC in high-risk groups (cirrhosis of any etiology, patients with chronic viral hepatitis B and patients with F3 liver fibrosis) should be organized as regular (every 6 months) liver ultrasound in combination with determination of the serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level. …”
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GPA-MDS: A Visualization Approach to Investigate Genetic Architecture among Phenotypes Using GWAS Results by Wei Wei, Paula S. Ramos, Kelly J. Hunt, Bethany J. Wolf, Gary Hardiman, Dongjun Chung

“…This tool will help researchers to investigate common etiology among diseases, which can potentially lead to development of common treatments across diseases. …”
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Case Report: Kryptonite—A Rare Case of Left-Sided Bilothorax in a Sickle Cell Patient by Vikas D. Reddy, Anas Al-Khateeb, Muhammad Hussain, Varun Patel, Muqueet Kadri, Rutwik Patel, Siva Prasad Maruboyina, Richard A. Miller, Joseph R. DePasquale

“…The presence of an isolated left-sided bilothorax, along with the lack of a confirmed etiology, makes this case unique.…”
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Structural and vascular assessment of the optic nerve head and macula in chronic Chagas disease by Cristiana L. M. Agra, Camila V. Ventura, Letícia D. da Fonte, Marcela R. V. Oliveira, Marília Leal, Maria Elisa L. S. M. Assunção, Maria da Glória A. M. Cavalcanti, Silvia M. M. Alves, Ana Karine Soares, Liana O. Ventura, Tiago S. Prata

“…Abstract Chagas disease (CD), a parasitic infection, may have ocular repercussions in its cardiologic form, since a history of heart disease of other etiologies already has been established as a risk factor for neuropathies and maculopathies. …”
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The Role of Childhood Traumas in Adult Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis by Uğur Aydoğan, Hüseyin Demirci, Ebru Aydoğan

“…Conclusion: The significantly higher emotional neglect score in patients with HT compared with the control group and the positive correlation between childhood emotional neglect score and anti-TPO level suggest that childhood traumas may play a role in the etiology of adult HT. Further and large-scale studies are needed to elucidate all aspects of this subject.…”
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Case-Control Pilot Study on Acute Diarrheal Disease in a Geographically Defined Pediatric Population in a Middle Income Country by Ana E. Farfán-García, Chengxian Zhang, Aamer Imdad, Monica Y. Arias-Guerrero, Nayibe T. Sánchez-Alvarez, Rikhil Shah, Junaid Iqbal, Maria E. Tamborski, Oscar G. Gómez-Duarte

“…Understanding of the etiology of ADD is lacking in most low and middle income countries because reference laboratories detect limited number of pathogens. …”
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Synovial Fluid Cell Proteomic Analysis Identifies Upregulation of Alpha-Taxilin Proteins in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Potential Prognostic Marker by Ashish Sarkar, Shivani Sharma, Prachi Agnihotri, Tanmoy Sarkar, Pooja Kumari, Rajesh Malhotra, Barun Datta, Vijay Kumar, Sagarika Biswas

“…The present study will therefore provide knowledge towards the etiology of RA that pave the way for suitable prognostic marker identification along with other clinical parameters.…”
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Severe Wound Infection with Photobacterium damselae ssp. damselae and Vibrio harveyi, following a Laceration Injury in Marine Environment: A Case Report and Review of the Literatur... by Jörg Hundenborn, Steffi Thurig, Mechthild Kommerell, Heike Haag, Oliver Nolte

“…Marine microorganisms are uncommon etiologies of skin and skin structure infections, that is, wound infections. …”
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Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in a Patient with Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma by G. Hyun, K. J. Robbins, N. Wilgus, L. Grosso, S. D. Goyal

“…Extensive work-up for autoimmune and infectious etiologies was unremarkable. The patient had a complete response after chemotherapy with Adriamycin, bleomycin, vincristine, and dacarbazine. …”
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Role of Inflammation Markers and Osteopontin in the Prediction of Fetal Stress by Betül Tokgöz Çakır, Hande Esra Koca, Elif Akkaş Yılmaz, Tuncay Küçüközkan

“…Conclusion: Placental inflammation plays a role in the etiology of fetal stress, and OPN may be released because of fetal stress. …”
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